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LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

Most purebred dog breeders and exhibitors in America understand that the sport of dogs doesn’t operate in a vacuum. In fact, the rise and fall of registrations and entries has always reflected realities that impact people’s everyday lives. When times are good, puppies are born and champions are made. When the future seems less than certain, plans tend to get put on hold. Unsurprisingly, it’s not just conservation-minded breeders who have been postponing plans. In the US, the human birth rate reached a record low in 2025, dropping well below what is needed to maintain the nation’s population. The simple reason for the precipitous fall? More people (teens, singles, and married couples alike) have indicated that they don’t want to become parents. With the average cost of raising a child for 18 years estimated to be well over $400,000, is it any wonder why dogs have become surrogate children in society? Comparatively speaking, dogs aren’t that expensive (top-winning show dogs excluded). Despite economic pressures and changing social mores, people still have a need to nurture—and dogs still have a need for people. So… there may actually never be a better time to breed that litter.

As you enjoy this issue, I wish you the very best of luck in your personal pursuits and hope that you find what you’re looking for.

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A WORD OR TWO FROM AKC PRESIDENT AND CEO GINA DINARDO

SPORTS & EVENTS

Every day, the American Kennel Club works to strengthen the sport of dogs by creating opportunities for competition, education, and collaboration—both here at home and around the world. Whether through new international partnerships, premier championships, or expanded ways for enthusiasts to experience our events, we remain committed to ensuring that the sport continues to grow for generations to come. This month, I am pleased to share several exciting updates that reflect that commitment.

STRENGTHENING OUR GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS

One of the most exciting ways we continue to grow the sport is by strengthening relationships with kennel clubs around the world. I am pleased to share that the American Kennel Club has entered into a new mutual cooperation agreement with Dogs Australia, the country’s national purebred dog registry and governing body for dog sports.

This agreement reflects our shared commitment to preserving and promoting purebred dogs, encouraging responsible breeding and ownership, advancing education, and creating meaningful opportunities for breeders, exhibitors, judges, event officials, and dog owners in both countries. Through this partnership, our organizations will collaborate to share knowledge, support educational initiatives, and strengthen international participation in the sport.

As we continue to build relationships across the globe, partnerships like this help ensure that the future of purebred dogs and the sport we all cherish remains strong for generations to come.

FCM UNIVERSAL CHAMPIONSHIP AKC INTERNATIONAL DOG SHOWS

Building on that spirit of international collaboration, entries are now open for the FCM Universal Championship AKC International Dog Shows, hosted in partnership with the Federación Canófila Mexicana (FCM), the official kennel club of Mexico. This AKC-licensed event will take place November 12–15, 2026 at the Santa Fe Expo Center in Mexico City, bringing together breeders, exhibitors, junior handlers, and dog enthusiasts from around the world for four days of AKC-licensed Conformation competition.

This competition reflects the continued growth of the AKC’s global partnerships while providing exhibitors with an exceptional opportunity to showcase their dogs on an international stage. Throughout the event, exhibitors will have the opportunity to earn exclusive FCM titles each day of competition, with discounted AKC registration available for eligible foreign dogs.

Whether attending in person or watching from home, dog enthusiasts around the world can experience the excitement live on AKC.tv.

To view the premium list and learn more about entering, visit: https://www.akc.org/press-releases/entries-now-open-for-american-kennel-club-and-federacion-canofila-mexicanas-fcm-universal-dog-show/

AKC NATIONAL OBEDIENCE CHAMPIONSHIP & AKC RALLY NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP

While we continue to expand opportunities internationally, we are equally proud to celebrate excellence here at home. My heartfelt congratulations go to every competitor who participated in this year’s National Obedience Championship and Rally National Championship. More than 800 dogs from across the United States competed July 16–19, 2026 at the Roberts Centre in Wilmington, Ohio, demonstrating extraordinary teamwork, precision, and dedication.

These invitation-only championships represent the highest level of achievement in their respective sports. Whether executing the precise routines required in Obedience or navigating the fast-paced challenges of Rally, every competitor showcased the remarkable partnership that exists between a dog and its handler.

Congratulations to our 2026 champions:

National Obedience Champion: OTCH3 Surefire Up To Speed UDX2 OM4 MH (“Swift”), a Golden Retriever handled by Mara Wacker of Hastings, Minnesota.
Rally National Champion: OTCH RACH Clever K9’s She’s My Kind Of Rain UDX4 OM6 BN RM4 RAE3 OA OAJ XF (“Rain”), a Border Collie handled by Ann Marie Scripko of Sumterville, Florida.

On behalf of everyone at the AKC, congratulations to these outstanding teams and to every exhibitor who earned the opportunity to compete at these prestigious championships.

To view the complete list of winners, visit: https://www.akc.org/press-releases/american-kennel-club-crowns-new-national-champions-in-obedience-and-rally/

AKC NATIONAL CHAMPION (ANC) TITLE

Lastly, I am pleased to share another exciting milestone for the sport. This year, the AKC will introduce the AKC National Champion (ANC) title, a new prefix title that will be awarded to the dog earning Best in Show at the AKC National Championship Presented by Royal Canin.

As the largest dog show in North America and one of the premier canine events in the world, the AKC National Championship represents the pinnacle of achievement in Conformation competition. The ANC designation formally recognizes this extraordinary accomplishment and will be permanently recorded as a prefix on each winning dog’s official AKC record.

The inaugural ANC title will be awarded to the 2026 Best in Show winner and will also be applied retroactively to every previous Best in Show winner of the AKC National Championship. Commemorative title certificates will be issued to recognize this distinguished achievement.

The 2026 AKC National Championship Presented by Royal Canin will take place December 12–13, 2026, in Orlando, Florida, welcoming thousands of exceptional dogs from across the United States and around the world.

EXPERIENCE AKC ANYTIME ON YOUTUBE

Whether you are preparing for your next competition, researching a breed, or simply enjoy watching remarkable dogs perform, the AKC YouTube Channel offers something for everyone. From expert training demonstrations and breed education to highlights from Conformation, Obedience, Rally, Agility, Diving Dogs, and many other AKC sports, our growing library of content brings the excitement of the AKC directly to viewers around the globe.

Through AKC.tv and the AKC YouTube Channel, we are making our sports more accessible than ever before, connecting new audiences with our events, celebrating the extraordinary partnership between dogs and their handlers, and inspiring the next generation of participants.

Thank you for your continued passion and support of AKC Sports and Events. Whether you are a breeder, exhibitor, competitor, judge, club volunteer, or enthusiastic spectator, your commitment is what makes this community so remarkable. Together, we will continue to strengthen the sport, welcome new participants, and celebrate the incredible dogs that bring us together. I look forward to sharing more exciting news with you next month.

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THE TRUTH ABOUT GIVING BACK TO THE SPORT: COUNTERING THE NEGATIVITY WITH POSITIVE PARTICIPATION

BY DOUG JOHNSON

We’re hearing a lot of negativity surrounding our sport today. They say that there are too many shows, too few dogs, and judges are too political. We have debated the challenges of how to bring in new blood to the sport, how to cultivate a new generation of exhibitors and breeders, and why things are failing overall. I even saw a jarring article discussing the viability of the American Kennel Club.

I am tired of focusing on the negative. I think part of the solution is in our attitude. Maybe it’s time to reframe things and ask some hard questions to those of us who have been here the longest. My first question is: How are you contributing to make the sport of dogs more appealing? Followed by: What are you doing to improve the sport? I wonder, do you feel you have a role in this process of change, or do you feel that it is not your responsibility to give back? Well, I personally think we all need to reinvest in our sport. It is time to give back to it.

The truth is that everything is changing in the sport today, but so is everything else in our world. Our lives are constantly in a state of flux, changing and progressing, and how we used to do things is not how we do them anymore. It may be a rocky time for some, but maybe it’s a great time for someone else. Maybe the time is right for people to say, “You know what? Now’s my time to strike. I can go in and change how this is done.” Maybe it’s time to reframe the conversation and refocus our efforts? Maybe the time is now, when entry numbers have dwindled, to recreate the sport, retool the competition, and reinvest in our future.

Giving back speaks to our obligation to the sport, which is the theme of the year for me. I ask of you: Are you in a dog club? Do you help to put on a dog show? Are you in a parent club? Have you put on a National Specialty? Have you started a dog club? Have you bred a litter? Are you a mentor? Do you actively show and campaign? Can you write? All of these things are ways that people can participate in the sport. Not everyone gets into a parent club, but most people can get into a local all-breed club. You don’t hear about a lot of all-breed clubs turning people away. In fact, all-breed clubs are desperate for new members. They want people who will join and follow through with their pledge to give back to the club, to give back to their community through their membership by participating in the club’s annual events. What clubs don’t want is a member who is just a member in name only. They want an active participant, which means you’re going to have to go out and buy the trophies for the club, or you’re going to have to ring steward, or you’re going to have to scoop poop or go to Walmart and buy four cases of paper towels and Windex and some antibacterial spray.

It seems that many exhibitors today have forgotten the volunteerism aspect of the sport. Maybe it’s an old concept, but some people don’t seem to know how to give back anymore.

You’re going to be in charge of things like getting candy, getting drinks to the judges, or picking up a meal for lunch. This is how you get started and it is really that basic. There are so many duties that need to be done to put on a dog show, and if you’ve never done them, you don’t even know they’re being done for you to enjoy the show you are attending.

Unfortunately, many clubs today are overwhelmed by all the work required to put on a show. They need workers. I can assure you, your local club would welcome you to help out. They all need someone to pick up a judge at the airport, or make hotel reservations, or correspond with the restaurants on catering for the judges’ lunch. These things don’t just happen and it’s a lot of work; and it’s even more work when one person has to do it all. It’s unfair to burden that one person with all those tasks just to put on a dog show for no reward at the end of the day. That club member volunteers to do it because they have reverence for the sport, pride in their club, and respect for those who have done it for many years prior. Most people who put on shows today are tired of doing it all; they’ve been doing it for years and years and years. They feel an obligation to do it, but they can’t be expected to continue without helpers. They require volunteers to come and assist and learn what needs to be done, with the end goal of the new volunteer taking on the job as their own for the next event. This is mentorship and stewardship of the club for the community. These are vital roles that are in desperate need of YOU!

It seems that many exhibitors today have forgotten the volunteerism aspect of the sport. Maybe it’s an old concept, but some people don’t seem to know how to give back anymore. Well, maybe it’s time to provide instructions on ways to volunteer. As club members, there are tons of ways that anyone can help with any one specific need. If teaching is something you’re good at, you can give a seminar. If you don’t like public speaking, you could put up flyers in the community to inform the public of your event. There are many ways to volunteer, you just have to become a club member first.

photo © Mrchan/Dreamstime

This is still a hobby sport for most people, although I think some view their participation as transactional. We have created many professions within the sport, like the dog show photographer, a canine semen bank owner, superintendents, ribbon-making companies, steward associations, and judges education groups, and we all go to shop at vendor after vendor after vendor. All of these people have been afforded a path through the dog show sport to financial prosperity, or the hope of it, and that’s a positive byproduct of participating in the sport. However, many of the photographers donate photos back to clubs; that’s their volunteerism. And the vendors give donations to silent auctions and raffles. There’s always a “give to get” mentality with the professionals, yet I don’t always see that from the exhibitors. Many exhibitors take, but they need to learn to give. By making an entry they are supporting the club, but clubs need more than their entries. Why not volunteer as a ring steward? Offer to help with clean up at the end of the day. Perhaps help with parking or restocking the public ex-pen.

Giving back definitely has its own rewards, too. As a club member, you find your tribe. I think this is really one of the most beautiful things about the world of purebred dogs: your tribe is there. You find people who will support you. I don’t know of one person in this sport, not one single person, who’s a genuine loner. Everyone comes to a club meeting and speaks to someone. There’s always somebody engaging with someone. That in itself is a positive. It may take a new member two or three meetings, or a few shows, but at some point, people start to connect. (It’s a lot easier to get started in a professional sport like ours than it would be to start playing for the Knicks!) In our sport, you have the ability to play with the heavy-hitters at every show. I just think the negative narrative that has taken over the sport is a not a positive space—and it is far from true. The reality is that the sport is the most forgiving place on earth. It’s a quick recovery sport: You lose on day one and you can be Best in Show the next day. The highs are very high and the lows can be brutal, but the “in between” moments are stable and rewarding, and there’s a lot there to draw from.

I think it’s important that we not only go to dog shows to reap a reward or seek some affirmation, but that we go with a plan to give: to give a welcoming gesture, to give kindness, even, and to give back. It is possible to change the culture of negativity when each dog club and each event has got the players who are willing to participate in positive ways. That’s the thing, there’s all these anonymous lists and complaints going around, but what are you doing to stop the noise? What are you doing to repurpose the discussion? How are you turning things around to stop the negativity? The overarching reason for giving back and volunteering is to turn the negativity around. The goal now is to stop complaining. It’s exhausting and we are done with it. We all understand it, so now let’s start our path toward positivity. It’s a decision we need to make. Even if you fail on the first couple go-rounds, you’ve got to keep trying. You’ve got to work harder to make it better. It doesn’t just happen overnight, it’s going to take a while.

I think this article is a notice. The notice is that we need you. We need you to flip the script. We need you to stop with the negativity and come join us. Meet us where we are and let’s all elevate this together. Let’s work for better. Let’s mutually agree that we need to find solutions where we can support each other, where we can enjoy this, where things run smoothly. But we also share in the responsibility. It is everyone’s job to ensure a good day at the dog show for everyone, win or lose, so that everyone is feeling that they got what they needed out of their participation beyond just the win or loss; that the day was successful and positive, and that no one leaves any dog show feeling conflicted by what happened. And yes, when the day doesn’t go well for you, you can find solutions that will turn things around. Tomorrow is another day!

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GRACE, GRIT AND DOGOS: A CONVERSATION WITH REBECCA FLETCHER

Rebecca Fletcher is the owner and founder of DoubleD Creek Ranch and Balanced Canine Services, a veteran-owned canine training, behavior, and breeding operation based in De Kalb, Texas. Her business provides private training, group classes, behavior modification, service dog training, board-and-train programs, and canine nutritional consulting. The ranch also serves as the home of her natural rearing Dogo Argentino breeding program.

A retired United States Marine, Rebecca’s entry into professional dog training began with training her own service dog following a life-changing amputation. She subsequently completed an apprenticeship under an experienced service dog trainer and eventually established and operated her own training kennel before relocating to Texas. She currently has more than a decade of professional training experience and holds certifications as a CPDT-KA (Certified Professional Dog Trainer-Knowledge Assessed) and Certified Professional Canine Nutritionist.

Rebecca is widely recognized for her balanced training philosophy, emphasizing clear communication, relationship-building, and individualized programs tailored to each dog-and-owner team. Through her educational writing and public outreach, she addresses topics such as canine body language, socialization, behavior modification, balanced training methods, and responsible use of training tools.

In addition to her work as a trainer, Rebecca is an active preservation breeder and exhibitor of Dogos Argentinos under the Diavol Dogos kennel name. Her breeding philosophy incorporates natural rearing principles, with a strong emphasis on health, nutrition, working ability, temperament, and breed preservation. Her dogs participate in Conformation and Performance events as well as hunting activities.

Throughout her career, Rebecca has become an advocate for resilience, often sharing her personal journey of overcoming significant physical challenges while building a successful canine career. She frequently speaks about the importance of perseverance, grace, and the transformative role dogs can play in people’s lives.

Dédé Wilson: Rebecca, thank you so much for doing this interview with us. You came to my attention when I saw a video of you with one of your Dogos trialing in Rally. I am a Dogo fan, noticed your leg prosthetic, and was captivated by you and your dog team.

You have described dogs as playing a pivotal role in your own recovery and personal journey. Can you tell us about that experience and how it ultimately shaped your career?

Rebecca Fletcher: When I first retired, it was a hard adjustment. I was self-training my first Dogo as a service dog; he pushed me to go out when I did not want to. Knowing I was responsible for him helped me when I did not want to be alive anymore. I attribute my still being here to him. As you can imagine, I had a great deal to learn and significant growth to work through. I was angry, anxious, and learning to adapt to a world not built for me. Dogs are a mirror, and whatever you project onto them, they reflect onto you. You cannot walk into a kennel to start training dogs if you are angry and anxious; I learned self-reflection, I practiced grounding skills, and I worked to grow because my dogs were important and I needed to be the best version of me for them. Now as a service dog trainer, I use my ability to control my emotive state to train tasks related to anxiety.

DW: How did your background as a Marine influence your approach to dog training, business ownership, and competition?

RF: The Marines are known for the discipline they instill. As a Marine, I had no hair out of place. I learned body awareness and control, skills that are vital in dog training because dogs communicate with body language. A slight shift of weight can make or break you when dealing with an aggressive dog. As a Sergeant, I led Marines and I taught classes, so these skills aided me in teaching the other end of the leash—because we all know humans need more than dogs do. Navigating interactions with civilians was a learning curve compared to the more assertive style I needed when leading Marines.

DW: What first attracted you to the Dogo Argentino? For readers unfamiliar with the breed, what characteristics make the Dogo unique?

RF: Their uniquely striking appearance! The Dogo is a fierce big game “catch dog.” They are built to find and catch their own prey. Dr. Martinez developed the Breed Standard he wanted the Dogo to have and then built the dog to that Standard. Dogos can trot for miles, have enough endurance to sprint in for the catch, and still have even more to fight a large boar once they have a hold of them. Then they come home and, if you let them, they will live in your skin. Their love and devotion, in my opinion, is unmatched. I love this breed with all my being. I have trained many breeds, and find many intriguing, but none of them hold a candle to the Dogo Argentino for me. My Shiba Inu is a close second!

DW: How do you balance preserving breed type with maintaining health, temperament, and functional ability?

RF: For me, I have non-negotiables. The Dogo is a “head breed.” You should know a Dogo by the outline of the head. I will not compromise the head, therefore will not use any dogs in my program with incorrect head type.

My second is temperament. This breed has been normalized as same-sex aggressive, but these are hunting dogs. They should be able to be dropped in the woods with dogs they have not previously hunted with and have a singular focus… catch that hog. They should be of stable mind; you do not need a 100-pound dog with a 500-psi bite overreacting to the existence of other same-sex dogs in the vicinity. Temperament is an indication of a stable nervous system.

Each piece of our Breed Standard was specifically designed to make the Dogo a superior catch breed. Form and function are not separate. Sure, a poorly built dog may still do its job and do it well, but how much faster will their body break down? A Dogo feels no pain, so they will not stop just because it hurts. But that does not mean I should accept poor structure to have a strong hunter. All my dogs get tested on hogs; they all end up in the woods at some point.

DW: What role do Conformation and Performance events play in your breeding program?

RF: It is important to demonstrate the versatility of my lines. Not everyone hunts, and that is okay, but dogs need a job; they need enrichment. And dogs can heal. So, showing that my dogs can go from the woods to the Conformation ring, to the Rally or Obedience ring, demonstrates the versatility, the biddability of my dogs. Furthermore, it shows a stable nervous system. Each of my dogs has their strengths and may not enjoy or excel at each facet, but they do it to please me and that is what I like to see in my dogs.

DW: What challenges currently face preservation breeders of Dogos Argentinos?

RF: Well, again, they are a catch dog, but the world is increasingly against “blood sports.” Even within the American Kennel Club (AKC) our dog’s purpose is not well received. People do not understand that we crop to prevent ear injury that could result in death. More often, people do not understand that dogs are still dogs, not humans; they require a job, a purpose. You cannot buy a breed of this caliber and expect it to lounge around on the couch without a job or purpose.

DW: Running a training facility, breeding program, and educational platform simultaneously is no small feat. How do you balance those many responsibilities?

RF: I focus on quality not quantity. I do not want to have a huge training facility that requires multiple trainers to manage. I want my clientele to feel that they got the best of me each time, that their dog in training was given the same time and consideration I give my own. To accomplish that I keep things small. I do not want several litters a year. If I breed a litter it is because I want a puppy from that breeding specifically, as it is a vital step in my breeding end goal. I stay focused on quality. I take time off for my health when I need it. I give myself grace when necessary. I let God lead me in my decisions for my business and personal life, no matter how big or small.

DW: You often speak about “giving yourself grace.” What does that phrase mean to you today? And how do you think it applies to your clients, or dog people in general?

RF: Grace is the unmerited gift of God’s love; it is the foundation that makes forgiveness possible. I have always had high expectations for myself; the Marine Corps amplified that and trained me as a warfighter. Early on, I spent many mornings at 0300 in the ER because of severe pain episodes. (Phantom limb pain is nerve pain; it is impacted by the nervous system.) As a Marine, you are supposed to push through no matter what; anything less than perfect is failure, right? I am slower now; I do things differently.

Most people can look at me and understand I do things slower, and they are patient with me. Early on, I was often less patient and less understanding towards myself than a stranger. That did not serve me; it would fuel frustration with myself, anger, and bitterness. I would often feel like a failure when I felt I could not control everything. I am a “control freak,” and as it turns out I am not in control; God is, and honestly, knowing that was a game changer. When things do not go as planned, it is not because I am a failure; God is in control and whatever the outcome… it will be okay.

We need to learn to love ourselves, and to forgive ourselves when things do not go as planned. If we can learn to do that for ourselves, we can certainly learn to do that for our dogs and others. The dog show world can be brutal (none of us are perfect), but it would certainly be a more welcoming community if more people learned to give grace and forgiveness.

DW: You emphasize communication between dogs and owners. What are some of the biggest communication mistakes you see people make with their dogs?

RF: You can inadvertently “train” your dog to behave in a way you do not want when you do not understand how dogs communicate or learn. People use verbal language a lot, and often, their body language contradicts the verbal in the eyes of a dog.

Another issue I often see is that people do not break behavior down into pieces. For example, I train the execution of “sit” first; until the dog demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of that, I do not train duration of sit. People often want to train a dog to sit and stay as one behavior. This can result in slow execution or misunderstanding of the behavior fully. You may get away with this on simple behaviors without distraction, but add in the pressure of distraction or more complicated behaviors and you will see the gaps in training.

DW: Your business is built around balanced training. How do you define balanced training, and why do you believe the term is so frequently misunderstood?

RF: For me, balanced training starts with positive reinforcement. If you do not know something and ask me to teach you, and the first time you get it wrong I smack you, you are not likely to enjoy learning.

Balanced training is commonly misunderstood by some, because they do not understand what positive (adding in) and negative (subtracting out) means. Rather instead, they associate positive with “good,” negative with “bad.” The quadrants of operant conditioning [positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment] are not inherently good or bad, rather they are a framework. They describe four separate ways the consequences of an action influence future behavior. Operant conditioning should not be used to cause pain or fear in training. Balanced training, in my opinion, builds its foundation on positive reinforcement, then applies the other three quadrants when and where they are needed.

DW: What about socialization? Many owners equate socialization with simply exposing puppies to many people and places. How do you define proper socialization? And, by the way, we rear with Puppy Culture as well (Jane is a great friend) and would love to hear how you have integrated these principles.

RF: I explain to my clients that you cannot control whether your dog will like other people/places/things; however, you can control how they respond around them. My goal is to make me the center of the dog’s universe; I am interesting and offer value through positive reinforcement. Once that is understood, I can add in distractions. The goal is not to make them enjoy but to accept and tolerate those distractions. If they enjoy it, great! If they do not, so be it.

I do not like every person, but I do not go around yelling at or punching people, because I have learned to accept and tolerate. It is also important that we, as the owner/advocate, do not flood our dogs with stimulation they are not ready for. If they indicate displacement or avoidance, listen to them.

Puppy Culture is a great framework in helping breeders utilize the most important learning period to build confidence in our pups. Genetics, of course, matters as a foundation, but pups are a blank slate. Teaching them manners, confidence, and problem solving at an early age sets them up for regulatory success. A dog that learns to work through problems or frustration with confidence is not going to have an overreaction when faced with something later that they do not understand.

DW: What do you wish every puppy buyer understood before bringing a new dog home?

RF: Getting a dog is a commitment, requiring money and time. Be sure to research the best breed for your life and family. Regardless of buying or adopting, do so responsibly and make an informed choice. Dogs are individuals that have individual nutritional and training needs; line up a trainer, a nutritionist, a vet, and a groomer.

DW: Can you share a particularly memorable behavior case that challenged you or changed your perspective as a trainer?

RF: I can think of two, and in both cases the dogs were candidates for behavioral euthanasia; however, I was determined to prevent that. Sadly, I was more determined than the owners. Ultimately, my hard work did not last because the owners had no follow-through. I have always required owners to participate; however, I now enforce it more forcefully and I am not afraid to “lose” business if the owner is not committed to the training.

DW: Service dogs played a major role in your own life. What qualities separate a good pet dog from a dog capable of successful service work?

RF: A service dog must be biddable, have stable nerves, handler focus, and a clean bill of health. Many people may read this and say, “That is my pet dog.” How will your dog react if a stranger accidentally kicks or steps on them? What about loud noises? Strangers petting them without proper introduction? Escalators, elevators…?

I once had a dog that was a good, biddable dog, a Labrador Retriever, but he became reactive. I did not originally train him, but I worked to fix him. He did great with me. I sent him home and did training with his handler. A month or so later he fell apart again because he could not handle the pressure of working long days, and when his handler was anxious, he joined in. I like to say a good service dog brings a fire extinguisher, not a can of gasoline!

DW: What advice would you give to individuals considering obtaining or owner-training a service dog?

RF: Do not try to use breeds whose original purpose is contradictory to what you need. Most dogs wash out, so pick a breed that is perfectly suited for the job. Find an ethical breeder or adopt, but do so with help from someone who understands how to select a dog for service work. Training takes time and money, and planning; even owner-trained dogs will need assistance at some point.

DW: You became a Certified Professional Canine Nutritionist after recognizing the connection between nutrition and behavior. What first led you down that path?

RF: I have for a long time understood that food impacts how we feel, especially for those of us with autoimmune issues. I know when I’ve consumed something that is working against my body. I began learning under Bronwyn Farley of Dolce’s Legacy, wanting to understand canine nutrition and how to heal using what God gave us. When you do not feel well, you are not likely to be your best behaviorally.

Well, I noticed one of my dogs would occasionally be more reactive. I was still kibble-feeding and rotated proteins weekly, so I was unable to identify a pattern. When I began feeding raw, I remember I was feeding white fish and this dog’s behavior became undeniably aggressive. I immediately made the connection, as one kibble recipe was bison and whitefish. I stopped feeding it to him, and he returned to normal and never again displayed such behavior. I now pay way more attention to my dog’s behavior with the knowledge that maybe a dietary change could impact it.

DW: Your breeding program incorporates natural rearing principles. Can you explain what natural rearing means to you?

RF: I do things differently than most. My dogs are raw fed from the start, using age-appropriate ratios and ingredients. I use nodoses starting at three weeks to build immunity to Parvo and Distemper rather than vaccines. I use natural deworming remedies, and natural flea and tick solutions. I do not use any harmful chemicals or toxins in or around my dogs. It is more work than just giving a pill to kill fleas or spraying pesticides, but for me, building longevity in my lines starts with healing generations of epigenetic damage from overuse of toxins.

My approach to breeding is also natural. I do not disagree with AI or C-section, but a dog that can only be bred AI or give birth via C-section indicates a lack of health in the reproductive side, and yes, that can be passed on. I do not jump to giving allopathic medications for every little thing. I keep a plethora of homeopathies and herbal remedies on hand; in fact, my friends often call me for alternative treatments for ailments. It was not an overnight change, rather one that has been developing for many years.

DW: The topic of natural rearing principles can sometimes be controversial. How do you navigate differing opinions while still advocating for the practices you believe in?

RF: I have learned that I am not for everybody. Some will hear me say, “I have an oil/tincture/herb for that” and think I am a crazy person. They may think my lack of using Parvo/Distemper vaccines is unethical or I am being cheap. The reality is that I invest way more money in quality raw food, and enough time, to count as a full-time job in sourcing, shopping, comparing, and prepping. I am upfront and transparent with people on what and why I am doing it. If you like it and want to learn more, I am happy to teach. If not, and you think I am crazy, no worries; come to me when you are ready. I cannot make you believe it. (Goodness knows I used to think people like me were crazy, too.) I can only use my platform to educate in hopes that a few will see/hear it and decide they too want to learn more.

DW: Are there nutritional or husbandry trends in the dog world that concern you?

RF: Absolutely! I see people standing by food brands despite the use of filler and poor-quality ingredients. I see people feeding the same food, same protein, day in and day out. This is an issue. Dogs are individuals with individual needs; each of my dogs handles proteins differently.

We expect too much from vets; they are not, nor should they be, a one-stop shop for all things dog: nutrition, behavior, training, medical. Even as humans we have medical specialists. Dogs do too. I spend time learning and understanding vet med, but I am alas not a vet and rely on my vet for that information. I do not expect my vet to understand instincts and behavior of every dog breed, or the nutritional needs of every dog. Our vets have a difficult enough job; we do not need to put more on them.

As far as husbandry, I fall back on looking at why we have a decrease in longevity in our dogs. Our modern world has many conveniences that make things easier for this busy, fast-paced life we live, but what negative repercussions have those had on the health and longevity of our dogs?

DW: Are there areas of canine behavior or health where you believe the industry still has much to learn?

RF: Oh, of course! If we are not learning, we are dead. Dog behavior is not cookie cutter; we can always learn more. Behavior and health should not be looked at separately. We need to understand more about how they influence each other. Just consider sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and how normal bodily functions cease to work when the sympathetic nervous system is in control. That is not sustainable and will negatively impact a dog’s health and behavior over time. I look at how I can heal the nervous system through nutrition, herbal remedies, and training.

DW: What professional goals remain on your horizon?

RF: I want to travel the country more and bring my methods and knowledge to others outside of my direct area and in person. The Internet is great, but talking to someone face to face, working hand-on, cannot be replaced. I also hope to inspire others living with disabilities to get involved with dogs and dog sports.

DW: If you could change one thing about today’s dog world, what would it be?

RF: One thing? Only one? It would have to be how quick to judge the people can be. Discernment is good, but people are often quick to judge others and not use the same standard they use to judge themselves or their close friends. That judgement often prevents us from taking an opportunity to help mentor others or even to learn from others. It is often self-serving. Nobody benefits from such harsh judgements towards each other.

...I hope to inspire other disabled people to get involved; that nothing can hold them back.”

DW: Finally, what do you hope your legacy in dogs will be?

RF: In my breeding, I hope to leave behind generations of dogs that exemplify breed type, excel at their intended purpose, and live way past the expected lifespan because I was crazy enough to heal their epigenetics though nutrition, herbs, tinctures, and homeopathies. In training, I hope to teach owners how to understand their dogs, how to work with their dogs, and how to grow and learn from their dogs... same as I did.

As a disabled person in dog sports, I hope to inspire other disabled people to get involved; that nothing can hold them back. They might just be differently-abled than someone else. Comparison is the thief of joy; never compare your ability, difficulty, or struggles to another.

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JOANNE REED - WINDRIFT KEESHONDS

BREEDER INTERVIEW BY ALLAN REZNIK

Where did you grow up?

I was born in Chicago, way too many years ago, then moved to California where I was raised.

Do you come from a doggie family? And, if not, how did the interest in breeding and showing purebred dogs begin?

My family always had dogs. We had Collies and Boxers. When I married, we bought an ILP German Shepherd Dog. That’s when I began Obedience training. I loved it so much that I purchased another Shepherd to show in Obedience and Conformation. After two tries in the Conformation ring, I realized she wasn’t show quality. FYI: Don’t always believe a breeder when they say you have the pick of the litter.

Who were your mentors in the sport? Please elaborate on their influence.

While doing Obedience training, I met Sandy Krueger. We both saw our first Keeshond and fell in love with the breed. We then bought a Keeshond bitch, Zeedrift Carioca. She eventually became a champion and we decided to breed her. I bred her to Porter and Dickey Washington’s Ch. Flakkee Jackpot. In her first and my first litter, she produced the top-winning Keeshond of all time, Ch. Flakkee Instant Replay. I fell in love with showing, worked for a Standard Poodle kennel, and bought my first Poodle. This led me into serious Conformation events. I eventually worked for Ric Chashoudian. Because of him, I was involved with some of the greats in our sport: Peter Green, George Ward, Anne Rogers Clark, Edd Bivin, and Mike Billings, to name a few.

The Windrift dogs are highly successful and well respected. What breeding philosophies do you adhere to?

Learn your Breed Standard and breed to it the best you can. Know the faults and the pluses when you choose your breeding stock. Do all the health testing that is required and do not breed to dogs that are not tested and verified by OFA. Do not double up on faults. Know your pedigrees. Research! Breed to the best dog you can even if it’s owned by your worst enemy. Do not breed to your best friend’s dog unless it is a perfect match and meets all the criteria listed above. Again, know and study your pedigrees. Make sure when you breed or sell a dog that you have a signed contract of your agreement with all other parties involved.

GCHG Windrift’s Dirty Hairy, HOF ROM No. 1 Keeshond 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026

How many dogs do you typically house? Tell us about your current facilities and how the dogs are maintained.

I currently have around 10 dogs. I have a basement kennel and a kennel building. Both have indoor/outdoor runs. The basement kennel has 10 crates, a bathing station, and two runs. This is where I raise my puppies. Both facilities are equipped with 24/7 cameras. The kennel building has three indoor/outdoor runs, grooming room, and is air-conditioned. I also have two large outside paddocks that are completely shaded by trees. My property is on a seven-acre hillside, which allows me to keep my dogs in excellent shape. My two male dogs are allowed to have the run of the property and house. They sleep on my bed every night and I cook for them in the morning.

“Danny,” CH Windrift’s Dance To The Music Multi-Group and Specialty Winner

Please comment positively on the present condition of your breed, and what trends might bear watching.

I believe at present the Keeshond breed is improving. Last year, we had five male Keeshonds that achieved a Best in Show. It seems that our bitches are overlooked in that lineup. Our bitches blow their coats when they come in and out of season, so they don’t always look as well as the males do. It should be noted that we are a sub-Arctic breed and our dogs aren’t in full bloom in summer.

Why is it important for you to be a breeder/owner-handler?

Being a breeder/owner-handler has given me the knowledge in all aspects of the show ring to be successful. As a former professional handler, this has given me the experience in many breeds which has helped me excel in my own breed. I have owned German Shepherds, Airedale Terriers, Papillons, Pomeranians, and Rottweilers. As a handler, I showed many breeds and carried 10 to 15 dogs.

GCHB Windrift’s Rock Star No. 1 Keeshond Bitch 2015 and 2016

The sport has changed greatly since you first began as an exhibitor and breeder. What are your thoughts on the current state of the fancy and the declining number of breeders? How do we encourage newcomers to join us and remain in the sport?

The expense of showing and breeding dogs continues to rise, and many cannot afford it. I believe that the show-giving clubs have a hard time with what it costs to put on a show. Also, with so many choices of shows to go to every weekend it depletes the entries for each show. I remember shows that reached 2,000 entries every weekend. Now we’re lucky to have 800 entries.

To encourage newcomers, we must have excellent mentors not only in showing but in breeding and protecting our Breed Standards. Mentors must be willing to take the time and effort to share their expertise with new people, teaching them the basics of breeding, dog show rules and regulations; teaching them how to groom and exhibit their breed. I believe that studying other breeds and handlers will enrich their knowledge in handling and showing.

CH Windrift’s Mutual Funds and CH Windrift’s Mutual Assets (Cash) BIS and No. 1 Keeshond

Where do you see your breeding program in the next decade or two?

God willing, at my age, I hope to be around for the next decade. I am still trying to improve my bloodlines and share my knowledge with others. I have dedicated my life to the Keeshond breed, and feel that I have improved the breed and produced some of the all-time greats.

CH Starstruck’s Stars And Stripes Forever BOS National Winner

Finally, tell us a little about Joanne outside of dogs… your occupation, your hobbies.

Here are some things of interest:

I was a ballet dancer and performed at Carnegie Hall;

I bred, trained, and showed Arabian horses;

I was a cheerleader and led the Rose Bowl Parade;

I was also a finalist in the Rose Bowl Queen competition;

I was a volleyball coach for a grade school;

I had a hole in one;

I adopted my granddaughter when she was three;

I was AKC Non-Sporting Breeder of the Year in 2010;

My current Keeshond has won 65 Group Firsts and 12 Bests in Show. I have bred many Best in Show Keeshonds and have more than 300 Champions to my credit.

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LINES FROM LINDA: PRICELESS MEMORIES MOMENTS OF PURE JOY

BY LINDA AYERS TURNER KNORR

As I reflect on the first half of this 2026, I smile recalling things that have brought me great joy!

Seeing my longtime friend Bryan McNabb at dog shows is always something I look forward to! You know Bryan, the dog show photographer with the magnetic personality who welcomes everyone with a big smile. Bryan also knows that, in every single photo, the details make a difference!

Proud father Bryan McNabb and son Tanner

During our recent visit, I could hardly wait to see photos from Bryan and Shea’s son’s recent wedding. The celebrations took place in Wilmington, North Carolina, at the Wilmington Arts Center.

Bryan Jones grew up sitting on my father Roy Ayers’ knee when we all grew up in Georgia’s Atlanta Kennel Club. Before he became an AKC all-rounder judge, my dad was President for quite a number of years, and Bryan’s mother Vicky Jones followed. South Carolina is now home to Bryan and Michelle Jones, and to me. I count the Jones family as extended family.

L/R Son-in-law and Daughter Burke Fulcher, with Flower Girl Granddaughter Kaetlyn Fulcher, Bride and Daughter-in-law Anna McNabb, Groom Tanner McNabb with proud parents Shea and Bryan McNabb

The Jones have played an active role in our sport, spanning four generations. Daughter Mackenzie Jones Cullins and her husband Christopher, now residing in Maryland, are celebrating the birth of their first son, Grayson Russell Cullins, and I have already claimed Grayson to carry on dog world activities for a fifth generation! Look for him in Pee Wees in just a few short years!

Michelle and Mackenzie just took Grayson to the Galley on South Carolina’s Lake Hartwell during his visit here.

Michelle Jones’ daughter, Mackenzie Jones Cullins, and Grayson Russell Cullins

Another joyful thing to witness is to see grown men with their toys! While Frank Murphy has taken a break from the ring, he’s burning rubber on his newest Harley Davidson motorcycle. You know Frank and his reputation for showing Number One dogs, so naturally, he acquired Harley’s state of the art 2026 Enthusiast Collection Limited Edition, celebrating 250 years of the country where Harley-Davidson was born and raised. And his motorcycle just happens to be the only one in the country that is all blacked out!

Biker Dudes, aka known as our dog world’s Frank Murphy, Mike McGraw, and Rick Starr in the Great Smokey Mountains

To break in that new beauty, Frank, along with buddies Mike McGraw and Rick Starr, blazed a trail through the Great Smokey Mountains Blue Ridge Parkway up to Clingmans Dome, the Moonshiner 28, the Tail of the Dragon, the Rattler, and others, spending nights in Bryson City, Pigeon Forge, and Asheville.

Look out for Frank Murphy racing by on this Harley-Davidson 2026 Enthusiast Collection bike.

Our culture allows us to wish away whole months of our lives just to welcome football season. It won’t be long! What brings you joy?

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THE 411 ON HOW JUDGES ARE COMPENSATED

BY WALTER J. SOMMERFELT

Judges are often a topic of discussion across various social media outlets. The topics are many and often varied, from rating judges to just about anything today’s exhibitors can critique.

This article is not to discuss the subject of good or bad judging; it is rather to clarify for some people a better understanding of judges’ compensation and why it is well deserved.

Those individuals who choose to enter into the judging arena do it for a variety of reasons that only each person can attest to. The road to getting that sought-after approval is a long, tedious, and often very expensive process.

To become a judge, each individual must have a lengthy history as a breeder and exhibitor that displays some level of success. If they meet the minimum requirements to start their journey, they must then begin the process of ongoing education by attending seminars, judging Matches and Sweepstakes, and attending and observing Specialties and several other educational opportunities as required.

Attending Specialties, seminars, major entries, and kennel visits is paid for out of the individual’s pocket, and those costs add up very quickly.

Usually, when a judge is granted their initial breed, the clubs that hire them are only paying them a per-dog fee (usually between free and $3.00 or $4.00 per dog). The aspiring judge pays all the other costs out of their own pocket.

I have been judging for over 40 years, and the compensation fees for judges have not really changed over the years. Those judges with less than one Group usually get the per-dog compensation and pay hotel and other travel expenses themselves. Some clubs will cover one night’s hotel in cases where the judge may have enough breeds to justify the cost to the club.

Judges with one Group or more are usually paid a daily fee that ranges between $200 and $500 per day, plus their normal expenses. Those include airfare (economy coach) or IRS mileage at the current rate, hotel/motel fee, meals (usually a maximum per diem as dictated by the club), and airport parking. Unfortunately, the per diem meal allowance is often not enough to cover the increased cost today, so the judge again absorbs the difference. Judges are not compensated for the travel days before and following the days they judge, except for some meal reimbursement.

Judges who still breed or keep dogs at their home incur all costs for having someone come in to take care of their animals, and those costs can easily exceed $100 per day. Also, judges who are still employed in the normal workforce will use vacation days or PTO days to meet their assignments.

In many cases, judges accept assignments anywhere from a few months to a few years before the actual dates of the shows.

Because all judges take the assignments seriously once committed, they may find that those dates will interfere with family, work, or other obligations that arise well after accepting and contracting for the show. This means that several family and other obligations are missed to fulfill their commitment to the show-giving club.

Traveling for judges is often a true experience all its own. Judges will often try to get the first flight out the day before their assignment, so they can allow for the “just in case” travel disruptions that take place daily within the airline industry. The judge is often up between 3:00 and 4:00 AM to allow time to get to the airport, go through TSA, and be on time for those early morning flights. And when those flights are canceled or delayed, they are in a position to find alternate flights so that they can reach the show.

Once the judge arrives at the destination city of the show, they are at the mercy of the club and their volunteers. Some clubs use hotels with an airport shuttle; others have members who pick up judges; some tell the judge to use Uber, while very few will ask the judge to rent a car.

Hopefully, the club’s host hotel has on-site restaurants. (Very few do today.) If not, hopefully there is one within a very short walk. When the hotel does not have a full-service restaurant, judges are dependent on others to find a place to eat. This means that if someone has traveled by car or has a rental, they are usually faced with taking a group out with them. I don’t have to tell you the problems this can present, as some people do not like each other and tension can be felt and observed. And in cases where a judge may have rented a car at their own expense, it creates hard feelings for the judge, who may feel they are being taken advantage of.

Clubs need to be aware of the needs of judges to be able to get to a place to eat, and make arrangements for at least one or two judges to rent a car and have them help out with getting the judges to the show as well as places to eat.

On the day of the show, the judges are again up early, and hopefully, have time for breakfast if available at the hotel before leaving. This can be a problem on the weekends, as many don’t have breakfast available until 7:00, and when the show starts at 8:00, they do not have time as they need to be at the show at least 30 minutes before judging.

Once at the show, the judge will be on their feet for possibly more than nine or 10 hours, depending upon the number of dogs and Groups they are assigned. The weather and the facility make a huge difference. Judging in the cold, rain, or extreme heat will take a toll on anyone. Imagine if you were expected to stand out in the elements and smile and be gracious while also making hundreds of decisions in the course of the day’s events, with the only break being a 45-minute lunch break!

As a judge, I appreciate the privilege of being asked to judge at any show. I truly appreciate all of the volunteers who work so hard to put on the show, and especially those who understand and try to make the judges as comfortable as possible and provide a good lunch and a choice of beverages to help the judges through the day.

Once the show or cluster is complete, the judge then has the task of getting home, and the early mornings and flight issues appear again. I know that I myself have on several occasions ended up spending the night in an airport terminal because of weather, flight delays, and cancellations.

Another item that is often not spoken about is the fact that even though the clubs are considered “not for profit,” the judges are considered “contracted employees” and those fees are subject to tax as normal income. Which means, depending upon the individual’s tax bracket, a percentage of those fees go to the federal government. There have been numerous incidents where judges did not report their incomes and, after being subjected to an audit by the IRS, were not only hit with the back taxes but also with interest and penalties that they were required to pay.

Hopefully this will give everyone a little better understanding that judges, for the most part, are judging because of their true love and dedication to our sport.

The discussions, evaluations, critiques, and other comments about judges on the various forms of social media will not stop. Still, comments that are made by exhibitors that “we are paying their salary” are really, in my opinion, out of line. The only people truly making money in our sport are the superintendents, professional handlers, photographers, and the AKC. When you take in all the costs to become a judge, all of the extra time for traveling and the extra costs this incurs, judges are truly underpaid.

Judges are people who, whether or not you agree with their choices, are making hundreds of decisions each day based on their knowledge of each breed. They at least deserve the respect that goes with their dedication to the sport.

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SENIOR SHOWMANSHIP AT THE FIRST COLONY CLUSTER

BY NANCY FISK

photos by Fontana Smith Photography (unless noted otherwise)

The First Colony Cluster of Dog Shows held an especially important event in Doswell, Virginia, on Saturday, June 20, 2026 in the evening following Best in Show.

The Cluster, which includes the Gloucester Kennel Club of Virginia, Inc. and the Virginia Kennel Club, invited all exhibitors to share in a wonderful and complimentary spaghetti dinner, but even more importantly, provided “Dinner Entertainment!”

For everyone’s viewing pleasure, the Group ring hosted a SENIOR SHOW- MANSHIP COMPETITION—judged by the amazing JUNIORS!

Who were the competitors you may ask?

None other than… “drum roll, please!”

AKC President & CEO Gina DiNardo, with a lovely Doberman
AKC Vice President Mari-Beth O’Neill, with a beautiful Saluki
AKC Club Development Guy Fisher, with his Boxer
AKC Reg. Handler Diego Garcia, with his amazing Beagle
AKC Reg, Handler Ernesto Lara, with his impressive Russell Terrier

And many other “Oldies but Goodies” showing off their great dogs and extremely “well-practiced” handling skills!

The Class Categories were:

Ages 50-60 AARP Class
Ages 61-70 Social Security Class
Ages 71 to “Older Than Dirt” Immortal Class

The Judges for the event were the exceptional and discerning Juniors who qualified for the “Best of the Best Competition” at the Cluster by winning Best Junior or Reserve Best Junior during the dog show weekend.

How did this event come to be, you may also ask?

During a cluster committee meeting, a spaghetti dinner was discussed which would be hosted by the Virginia Kennel Club as a way to thank exhibitors and make the event more fun. At that time, I, as the Junior Coordinator for Gloucester Kennel Club, suggested that the cluster might want to add some very special “dinner entertainment” and the idea just took on a life of its own. Thus, the Senior Showmanship event was born. Sandie Friend, Virginia Kennel Club Show Chair, joined with me in the planning phase as we thought about coordination and appropriate prizes. Gloucester Kennel Club members added their support, while Virginia Kennel Club members helped with entry registration on Saturday.

The Senior Showmanship idea grew out of the prevailing theme of the Cluster, which was “All About Juniors.” The Juniors I have had the pleasure of mentoring frequently express interest in judging, and I sometimes have them take turns judging each other during my classes. From that grew the idea of rewarding these special kids with an opportunity to judge the very people who they look up to, and who have helped shape their desire to be the best handlers they can be.

(above) The Junior Judges sit ringside prior to judging the Senior Showmanship classes. photo by Mari-Beth O’Neill (below right) “Ancient and Awesome, Best Senior Handler” Jane Nolan takes a victory lap around the ring with her Smooth Fox Terrier puppy.

When I started organizing this event, I never expected to have the list of “heavy hitter” entries that the kids were presented with as they entered the ring to “adjudicate” the classes, instead of entering the ring as exhibitors.

During the cluster, an event that was held on Friday evening, June 19th, was the Junior Seminar with its topic of “AKC Junior Showmanship, the Future, and You.” The purpose of this seminar was to encourage kids to understand and discuss, with a truly knowledgeable adult panel, what the AKC and AKC Clubs, together with their many volunteers, do for them; how they, as Juniors, can give back; and how they can help keep this sport alive in the future.

During the March AKC Delegates Meeting, I’d asked AKC President & CEO Gina DiNardo if she might be available to attend our cluster to speak with the Juniors at the seminar about this particularly important topic. It had been Gina’s idea that AKC all-breed clubs host Annual Junior Regional Competitions in order to encourage all kids as they work toward their goals. These competitions allow kids who might not reach the level it takes to qualify for the Orlando or Westminster shows, or might not be able to attend one of those high-level competitions, another opportunity to qualify for a prestigious competition held in their own area. The First Colony Cluster was fortunate to be chosen to hold the 2026 Mid-East Regional Competition. Both cluster clubs joined together to put up the $1000 amount that was matched by AKC to provide scholarships to the winners. We were thrilled to do so, and chose to highlight this opportunity and truly focus on Juniors throughout the event.

With the Regional event being held on Saturday, Gina immediately agreed to attend the cluster and speak to the kids on Friday Evening. She also agreed to join in the fun at the Saturday evening Senior Showmanship event. Our AKC President & CEO not only truly cares about our Juniors as being the “Next Generation” of our AKC Family, but she is the “Very Best Sport,” agreeing to show a Doberman that she had never met—and after a show ring hiatus of 25 years! Her handling skills “never skipped a beat” and her performance in the ring was AMAZING!

I reached out to other “Very Important People” in the world of AKC. Mari-Beth O’Neill had already committed to attending the cluster, bringing “tons” of great Junior-appropriate swag for the swag bags being presented to the Regional Qualifiers. Little did she know that she would be a Friday evening panelist and enlisted as an exhibitor in the “Social Security Class” during the Senior Showmanship event.

Guy Fisher was already at the event showing dogs and was also enlisted at both events.

Two amazingly busy professional handlers, Diego Garcia and Ernesto Lara, joined in the fun, enthusiastically signing up to participate in their respective age groups. Adding these two highly respected and “idolized” handlers really gave the “Junior Judges” added pressure to be at their best! Their willingness to participate really displayed the absolute best in good sportsmanship and a commitment to the sport for the kids to emulate.

AKC President & CEO Gina DiNardo confidently presents the Doberman Pinscher to the judges.

Throughout the competition, the audience enthusiastically applauded and encouraged the participants. Most shows find it hard to keep people engaged in activities after “Best in Show” because people are tired and want to leave the show grounds, but this event held a captive and involved audience. The seats around the Group ring were filled with dog show people of all ages, clapping and cheering their favorites. People were engaged and having a wonderful time! This is such an amazing thing for our clubs, our clusters, and our sport!

The only ones who were serious at this event were the Judges! They took their responsibility very seriously and did an amazing job. Their collective ring procedure was excellent, and their demeanor was “professional.” Any AKC Rep would find it hard to criticize this judging panel!

The Classes were judged as follows:

The AARP Class was judged by Japheth Towell and David Harmon.
The Social Security Class was judged by Roslyn Myers and Kendal Parker.
The Immortal Class was judged by Hadrian Towell and Kylie Scott.

The panel of all six judges conferred as they chose their ultimate winner.

The coveted “Ancient and Awesome, Best Senior Handler” sash was awarded to Jane Nolan with her wonderful Smooth Fox Terrier puppy. Jane also won the utterly amazing hand-crocheted afghan, donated by Sandie Friend (and made by her grandmother).

Jane displayed the correct Junior Showmanship leash work as she changed hands on her leash during her handling patterns, keeping her puppy moving on the “judge’s” side, and also showed excellent skills as she handled her baby puppy beautifully throughout the competition. Well done, Jane! Your skill was justly rewarded.

Prizes for the classes had been gathered by Sandie Friend and were perfectly chosen.

Nancy Fisk, Junior Coordinator for Gloucester Kennel Club, shows how to steady the Beagle for the table exam.

First place in each class was a handmade glasses case—holding a new pair of readers! Second place was a bottle of Geritol. Third place was a magnifying glass, Fourth prize was a pill splitter. All very practical and age-appropriate prizes!

Diego Garcia had one of the more appropriate comments about what this event accomplished. In his words: “Thank you very much to the clubs for this event and thank you for giving all these kids a fantastic opportunity to be able to be the judges and learn about being in the ring and to be the ones judging us. Thank you all very much. And to the kids, you all did a great job!”

The Facebook groups were full of people extolling this event.

The following weekend, I drove from Virginia to the Northeast to attend the Hockamock Kennel Club shows because I am their AKC Delegate. The talk of those shows was amazing; it was all about the Senior Showmanship Event held in Doswell! Clearly the event was very popular and made a huge impression.

What did we learn? We were all reminded that our shows are truly a place for camaraderie and fun. This is a lesson that we may have forgotten, but it is easy to remember if we take the time to try.

AKC Vice President of Sport Services Mari-Beth O’Neill takes the Saluki around the ring with ease.

Events like the Senior Showmanship Competition remind us all that we are a big family, and that this is a family sport. We had the top echelon of AKC Executives, together with dog people who have been in the sport for years and top AKC Registered Handlers, gathering to share a fun evening with the future leaders of our dog world. We all learned together and had fun together. And we remembered to laugh together.

The kids learned what being in the middle of the ring— and carrying that responsibility—feels like, and they learned that even the AKC President & CEO and Vice President, among others, cares about them, their views, and their opinions.

We all learned that having fun with your dogs and our dog-loving friends makes being at the dog shows joyous and so very worthwhile. This is what may save our sport and our clubs as we go forward.

Let us take this show on the road and encourage other clusters and clubs to produce their own fun events, or copy ours if you like, but make sure your events bring people together and are exhibitor friendly. And try to choose events that also help educate while you are at it.

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JODY’S THOUGHTS ON JUNIORS: DRESS FOR SUCCESS – BEYOND ST. JOHN

BY JODY DAVIDSON

There’s a Latin proverb: “Homo ex vestimentis iudicatur” or, “A man is judged by his clothes.” An ancient Roman could assess the wealth, status, and social class of any individual based solely on their attire. The cut, drape, fabric, and embellishments to a toga or tunic announced you before your first “salve” (hello).

Things haven’t changed much in 2,000-plus years!

In most modern cultures, books are judged by their covers. What we wear is a declaration of who we are. Designer labels/logos scream affluence. Old sweats and a well-worn hoodie send a different and distinctive message about the wearer’s priorities.

The AKC Junior Showmanship regulations stipulate: “The Junior should be suitably dressed for the occasion, wearing clothing that will not hinder or detract from the presentation of the dog… The judge should not evaluate the dress of the handler… but rather that an effort has been made… Juniors should be clean, neat, and well-groomed. They should wear clothing that is comfortable to handle in and appropriate for dog shows.” In theory, a Junior in clean jeans, a freshly washed tee-shirt and a pair of sneakers meets these requirements. I’ve seen kids wearing this outfit win Best Junior Handler; however, only a handful of times in the thousands of shows I’ve attended!

Ours is a sport of tradition. Nowhere is this more evident than in the Conformation ring. Men wear suits and ties or dress pants, sports coats, and ties. Only in the most extreme weather conditions will they don rain attire or remove their jackets. Women wear skirt suits (and occasionally pant suits), dresses, and skirts with tops or blazers. Basically, the unofficial standard for apparel in the Breed ring is business or business casual, except for the “big shows” (Westminster/AKC National Championship/Breed Nationals) when the major bling comes out.

How does all this apply to getting a nine-year-old newbie Novice Junior to the ring appropriately attired? The rules are woefully short on specifics! What follows are the clothing guidelines I provide my students and parents. Remember, all youth sports and most activities have specified, or de facto, “uniforms.” The Juniors’ ring is no exception.

Some general notes:

When outfitting a Junior at any level, avoid buying new! Thrift stores, Ebay, Facebook Marketplace, Poshmark, and specialized Facebook pages have options appropriate for any level of a Junior’s show career. Buy new only if your child has a hard-to-fit body type. I recommend a minimum of five outfits for spring/ summer and five outfits for fall/winter for girls; three to five suits for older boys.
Fit is key to a polished image. Don’t buy clothing too large. Yes, the child can grow into it—but until then, they’ll look sloppy and frumpy. Buy for now. Sell when it’s outgrown.
Dress age-appropriately and suitably modest. Young women, no cleavage or cutouts and, please, no “boob bait!” Skirts should come to mid-knee. Anything longer runs the risk of flapping in the dog’s face when moving. When you bend and touch your toes, no one should be able to “see London or France!” Doublecheck in a mirror. Clothing should be well-tailored but not excessively form-fitting or snug. Pencil skirts are the current style, but they can restrict movement. If your dog’s best speed is a run, find a style (modified A-line or pleated skirt) that allows the freedom to move. Reality: an outfit that flatters YOU is more important than what’s currently in style.
Also, girls, wear stockings/tights with your skirts and dresses except during the extreme heat of summer. Always have an extra pair at the show. For Juniors girls, knee socks or ankle socks are cute and practical, as are tights.
For shoes, ballet flats with rubber soles for preteen/teen girls are best, and for younger girls, Mary-Jane style. Straps are ideal. I’ve seen more than one girl literally run out of her shoes! For boys, the standard is dark lace-up shoes with rubber soles.
Pockets are your friends! You can’t have too many pockets for bait, brushes, poop bags, phone (NOT in the ring!), judging schedules, etc. Pockets can be added along the seams in skirts/dresses. Small color-coordinated bait pouches with secure flaps work in a pinch.
Keep a spare outfit in your car, always! It’s useless having clothes at your hotel should a fashion disaster occur. Pack a sewing kit with lots of safety pins and a stain pen with your show equipment. I promise, one day you’ll need them! Though they’ll roll their eyes, have your kids try on everything before you pack for a circuit. What fit a month ago may not on the day!
Your outfit’s color should complement your dog. A “color wheel” will help find compatible hues. Solid colors or small checks/stripes are ideal. Avoid large distracting prints. Jewel tones or primary colors provide a visually pleasing backdrop for most dogs. Pastels are appropriate for summer. I don’t recommend black for most girls other than Seniors. It creates a more mature and sophisticated picture. Remember… if you appear older, judges subconsciously expect more from you!
Keep jewelry to a minimum and understated.
Boys, skip to the next paragraph! Girls, let’s talk underwear. For little girls, consider bike shorts or dance trunks under skirts and dresses. Juniors often aren’t aware of what they look like kneeling/bending in dresses. Trunks save a lot embarrassment. Older girls, if wearing knits or more tailored skirts, you’ll want a body-shaping undergarment to smooth lines and prevent “bulges.” Please, no exposed bra straps! As to bras, make sure you’re wearing ones with good support, especially if you’re larger and have a running breed. Sports bras work well.

For 9-11-year-old boys, I like the sets sold near Eastertime consisting of dress pants, a dress shirt, a tie, and a vest, all in complementary colors. For this age group, I don’t require actual suits except for Finals. When older, two blazers and two pairs of dress pants, with four shirts and ties, can get a boy through a full circuit, but… fact: young boys attract dirt. My Junior boys wear regular playclothes to prep/groom their dogs. When done, we send the boys to put on their show clothes. When judging’s done, show clothes are removed and rehung. By Intermediate, most boys can be trusted to stay clean. Also, tie tacks keep neckties from flopping forward onto dogs.

Boys have fewer options to express their individual style than girls. Shirt color, tie patterns, pocket squares, and socks offer opportunities. Go a little crazy, but not so crazy that, when going around the ring, all a judge notices are your neon green socks with aliens on them. And yes, I had a Junior make that questionable fashion choice!

I suggest dressing young Junior girls a bit nostalgically: matching skirt/sweater/shirt outfits, jumpers, cute dresses with blazers. Think, “How would grandma dress her?” Gymboree, Monkeywear, and Bonnie Jean offer adorable and suitable sets. Think young and cute with a touch of sporty. Please, no pageant-style floofy party dresses… not even at Finals! Cute is great; cutesy, not so much. I advise against suits until a girl’s body starts to mature or if you can find one that’s age-appropriate.

For Intermediate and Senior girls, skirt suits, skirts/dresses with blazers, or light summer dresses in summer with varying degrees of bling are staples. St. John suits are the fashion right now, especially at large show; however, these are prohibitively expensive, even used. And the knit fabric is not flattering to many body types. Don’t be seduced into thinking they’re mandatory! For example, Tahari and LeSuit offer some gorgeous outfits suitable for Finals. Several of my girls have made it through to last cuts in Florida and Westminster, and none were wearing St. John.

As to the pant suit question, are they acceptable? Acceptable, yes, though not commonly seen, especially in Open classes. I admit I was strongly opposed to this fashion for a number of years. More recently, I’ve had several non-binary Juniors and this issue was, understandably, important to them. My philosophy now: “If you want to do it, do it.” However, the same rules apply; pant suits must be age-appropriate, figure flattering, and comfortable to move in.

Finally, hair. It must be secured off the face. Wispies and stray hairs cause kids to constantly brush at them, causing highly distracting fidgeting in a sport judged on “efficiency of movement!” I like to see French braids, ponytails, regular braids, and buns for longer hair. For shorter hair, clips and headbands serve the purpose. Be liberal with the hairspray! Imagine doing up a Poodle’s topknot. Not a hair out of place, even in a windstorm! Guys, it’s much the same for you. Product is your friend. No hair flopping in your eyes. Think as neat and tidy as school picture day.

Having said all this, though, at the end of the day, my advice when it comes to show ring attire is that you should look as sharp, polished, and ready to show as your dog. That’s what helps make a winning team!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

A former AKC Junior Showmanship judge and a 63-year dog show exhibitor/trainer/breeder, Jody Davidson has created one of the largest and most successful Junior Handling training programs in the US. Working in person and remotely with up to 42 young people weekly, Jody teaches responsible dog ownership and handling to kids ages 8 to 18. Nineteen of her students qualified for the 2025 AKC National Junior Showmanship Finals and nine qualified for the Junior Showmanship Finals at Westminster 2026, more than 10 percent of the total entry. Jody starred in her own TV show, “THE MIGHTY UNDERDOGS,” which streamed on Discovery+. Her instructional book on Junior Showmanship and dog showing will be available in early 2026. When not teaching, Jody breeds/shows English Toy Spaniels and Cesky Terriers. Jody’s motto: “Put a great dog with a great kid and great things happen.” Have questions? Need help? Feel free to contact Jody at: phdobedience@gmail.com.

31:T3850,

Q&A 2026 UNIVERSAL CHAMPIONSHIP DOG SHOWS

FROM NOVEMBER 12TH THROUGH NOVEMBER 15TH, 2026 EXPO SANTA FE , MEXICO CITY, MEXICO

From November 12–15, 2026, Mexico City will welcome the international dog fancy for the premier 2026 FCM Universal Championship Dog Shows. This historic four-day event will bring together breeders, exhibitors, handlers, junior handlers, judges, and outstanding purebred dogs from around the world. Conducted in collaboration with the American Kennel Club (AKC), the event will feature four AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows offering AKC Championship and Grand Championship points, together with prestigious FCM Championship Titles awarded each day. The program will also include 20 AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties, four FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows for breeds not fully recognized by the AKC, four Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series Shows open to all breeds—including AKC fully recognized breeds, Foundation Stock Service (FSS), Miscellaneous Class, FCI-recognized breeds, and other internationally recognized breeds—four AKC Junior Showmanship competitions, and the FCM Tournament of Champions, open to champion dogs of every breed from every country. More than a series of competitions, the 2026 FCM Universal Championship Dog Shows will celebrate excellence, sportsmanship, and the shared passion for purebred dogs that unites the worldwide dog fancy.

1. What competitions will be held during the 2026 FCM Universal Championship Dog Shows?

The event will feature:

Four (4) AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows
Twenty (20) AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties
Four (4) AKC Junior Showmanship Competitions
Four (4) FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows
Four (4) FCM Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series Shows
The FCM Tournament of Champions

Together, these events provide opportunities for exhibitors from around the world to compete for AKC Championship Points, AKC Grand Championship Points, FCM Championship Titles, and the prestigious FCM Champion of Champions title.

2. What titles can I earn if I compete at the 2026 FCM Universal Championship Dog Shows?

Eligible dogs may earn, depending on the day of competition and the dog’s eligibility:

AKC Championship Points
AKC Grand Championship Points
FCM Mexican Championship
FCM Pan-American Championship
FCM Continental Championship
FCM Intercontinental Championship
FCM Universal Championship

ELIGIBILITY

3. Which breeds are eligible to compete in the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows, and which breeds are eligible to compete in the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows?

AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows are open exclusively to AKC fully recognized breeds and varieties.

FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows are open to breeds recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), the Federación Canófila Mexicana (FCM), the AKC Foundation Stock Service (FSS), the AKC Miscellaneous Class, and FCM-affiliated national kennel organizations.

List of breeds that are eligible to compete at each event are listed at www.akc.fcm.mx

4. If my breed is not recognized by the AKC, can it compete?

Yes. Breeds that are not fully recognized by the AKC may compete in the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows, provided they are recognized by the FCI, FCM, AKC Foundation Stock Service (FSS), AKC Miscellaneous Class, or an FCM-affiliated national kennel organization.

5. Which breeds are eligible to compete in the Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series?

The FCM Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series is open to all breeds and varieties, including AKC fully recognized breeds, AKC Foundation Stock Service (FSS) breeds, AKC Miscellaneous Class breeds, FCI-recognized breeds, and breeds recognized by FCM-affiliated national kennel organizations.

6. Who may enter the FCM Tournament of Champions?

The FCM Tournament of Champions is open to Champion dogs of all breeds and varieties, whether fully recognized by the AKC or not. Eligible dogs must meet the participation requirements established in the FCM Tournament of Champions Regulations.

7. At what age may my dog compete?

Dogs may compete beginning at three months of age in the FCM Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series, which is open to all breeds, whether fully recognized by the AKC or not.

Dogs six months of age and older may compete in the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows, provided they belong to an AKC fully recognized breed or variety. Dogs of breeds not fully recognized by the AKC may compete in the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows.

8. My dog is already a champion in another country, such as Mexico, Guatemala, or Chile. In which class should I enter?

For the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows and AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties, only dogs that have earned the title of AKC Champion of Record are eligible to compete directly in Best of Breed competition.

Dogs holding championship titles issued by other national kennel clubs must be entered in the appropriate regular class, unless they have also earned an AKC Championship.

Dogs entered in the regular classes remain fully eligible to earn AKC Championship Points, AKC Grand Championship Points (when applicable), and the corresponding FCM Championship Titles.

FCM CHAMPIONSHIP TITLES

9. What FCM Championship Titles are offered, and how are they awarded?

During the 2026 FCM Universal Championship Dog Shows, the Federación Canófila Mexicana (FCM) will award championship titles in the following categories:

FCM Minor Puppy Champion – Awarded to the first-place male and female winners in the Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series.
FCM Puppy Champion – Awarded to the first-place male and female winners in the 6–9 Month and 9–12 Month Puppy Classes during both the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows and the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows.
FCM Junior Champion – Awarded to the first-place male and female winners in the 12–15 Month and 15–18 Month Junior Classes during both the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows and the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows.
FCM Champion – Awarded to Best of Breed (or Variety), Best of Opposite Sex, Select Dog, and Select Bitch during both the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows and the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows.
FCM Veteran Champion – Awarded to the first-place male and female winners in the Veteran Class during both the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows and the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows.
FCM Champion of Champions – Awarded to the dogs qualifying for the Final Round of the FCM Tournament of Champions.

10. Which FCM Championship Titles are awarded each day?

Thursday, November 12 – FCM Pan-American Championship
Friday, November 13 – FCM Continental Championship
Saturday, November 14 – FCM Intercontinental Championship
Sunday, November 15 – FCM Universal Championship
All four days – FCM Mexican Championship

Each championship is awarded, as applicable, in the following categories:

FCM Minor Puppy Champion
FCM Puppy Champion
FCM Junior Champion
FCM Champion
FCM Veteran Champion

11. Are FCM Championship Titles available at both the AKC All-Breed Dog Shows and the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows?

Yes. Eligible dogs competing in either the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows or the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows may earn the corresponding FCM Championship Titles, subject to the applicable eligibility requirements.

12. Can a dog earn both AKC points and an FCM Championship Title on the same day?

Yes. Dogs competing in the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows may earn AKC Championship Points or AKC Grand Championship Points, while also qualifying for the corresponding FCM Championship Titles offered that day.

13. If I earn an FCM Championship Title, how do I receive my certificate?

All FCM Championship Titles are offered free of charge.

Certificates must be collected at the FCM booth on the same day they are awarded and will not be mailed after the event.

AKC RULES

14. Does my dog need an AKC registration to compete?

No. Dogs may be entered using the official registration number issued by their national kennel club. However, dogs wishing to accumulate AKC Championship Points or AKC Grand Championship Points must obtain an AKC Foreign Registration. This registration may be completed online before the event or at the AKC booth during the event for the special promotional fee of US $50. Applicants must provide a copy of their three-generation pedigree.

15. How many AKC Championship points are required to become an AKC Champion?

A dog must earn 15 AKC Championship Points, including two major wins (three or more points each) under two different judges, in accordance with AKC Rules and Regulations.

16. Which AKC Schedule of Points will be used?

The AKC Schedule of Points – Division 12 will apply to all AKC-Licensed All- Breed Dog Shows and AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties.

17. If my breed has an AKC-Licensed Breed Specialty, will my dog compete twice on the same day?

Yes. Twenty (20) AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties will be offered during the event (five per day). If your breed has a Specialty, your dog may compete in:

The AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Show
The AKC-Licensed Breed Specialty

A separate entry must be submitted for each competition.

AKC JUNIOR SHOWMANSHIP

18. May my child compete in AKC Junior Showmanship?

Yes. The event will feature four AKC Junior Showmanship Competitions, open to handlers 9 through 18 years of age.

Qualifying wins count toward invitation-only AKC events, including the AKC National Championship and the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.

The Best Junior Handler each day will receive an automatic qualification for the AKC National Championship Junior Showmanship Competition, subject to AKC eligibility requirements.

19. Is a special registration required for Junior Showmanship?

Yes. Junior Handlers must obtain an AKC Junior Handler Number before competing. There is no charge for this registration.

Applications must be submitted directly through the American Kennel Club.

ENTRIES

20. How much does it cost to enter the event?

Entry fees are published in the official Premium Lists available at:

21. Where and how do I submit my entries?

Entries for the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows and Breed Specialties must be submitted through Onofrio Dog Shows.

Entries for the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows, Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series, and the Tournament of Champions must be submitted through www.akc.fcm.mx.

22. When do entries close?

Entries close on October 14, 2026.

AT THE SHOW

23. Will armbands be mailed to exhibitors?

No. Armbands for the AKC-Licensed All-Breed Dog Shows and AKC-Licensed Breed Specialties must be picked up at the steward’s table outside the assigned ring.

Armbands for the FCM Special Attraction Dog Shows, Three-to-Six-Month Puppy Series, and the Tournament of Champions must be picked up each morning at the FCM Control Desk.

24. May I reserve grooming space in advance?

Yes. Grooming spaces measuring 3 × 3 meters (10 × 10 feet) may be reserved by contacting: cesardelgado@fcm.mx

Complete information regarding fees and reservations is available in the Onofrio Premium List and at www.akc.fcm.mx.

32:T2a08,

IS OUR SPORT DYING OR ADAPTING TO CHANGE? INSPIRING YOU TO THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX.

BY LEE WHITTIER

Spend a few minutes on social media and you’ll quickly discover one of the most common conversations surrounding the sport of purebred dogs: Is our sport dying or is it simply changing to survive? This idea of a dying sport is repeated so often that many people accept it as fact. Social media tends to magnify negativity and, as a result, it is easy to equate change or challenge with decline, even when there are clear signs that the sport is thriving in new forms.

Before we accept that narrative, we should ask: Are we witnessing the end of the sport or its evolution into something new?

Are we measuring the sport by comparing it to 25 years ago, or to another specific period? I acknowledge that those who are using statistical data to show that dog shows are in decline are making comparisons with a different era and generation, which is correct, but I ask myself how the exhibitors on social media, who have been in the sport for 5-10 years, know what shows were like decades ago.

Are we talking about lower entries than we experienced decades ago? Or are we measuring today’s dog shows against our personal memories of what they looked like years ago? Entries today are lower in numbers, yet we can only do some shape-shifting in this new decade to focus on the high quality we’re seeing in the ring, despite the low numbers.

Are we talking about fewer spectators? Nearly every person I meet on a plane or in another non-dog-specific group exclaims they always watch the National Dog Show or Westminster on TV. They watch, though they’re just not actually at the show itself. I always ask them whether they have a dog and, if so, which breed. If they don’t own a purebred, I educate them about the advantages of owning one. This is a trend that we, as purebred dog enthusiasts, should use to educate the “new spectator” online, on social media, and on streaming platforms. We need to take advantage of social media, TV, and Netflix.

I believe the answer to these questions is that we are allowing repeated negativity to form our perception of what we see every weekend. Each question is a distinct way of looking at the topic.

THE EVOLUTION HAS JUST BEGUN

There is no doubt that our sport deals with challenges. Entry fees have increased. Travel expenses continue to climb. Club volunteers work tirelessly, and many older club members are not being replaced by younger members. Families have more demands on their time than ever. If we compare today’s world to the 1950s or 1960s, we are comparing two entirely different societies to the one we live in now.

During those decades, many families had far fewer entertainment options. Saturdays were often reserved for community events, county fairs, and yes, dog shows. Today, we compete with youth sports, streaming services, social media, smartphones, and countless other activities that simply did not exist previously.

Years ago, dog shows looked very different. Men commonly wore suits and ties. Women dressed in tailored suits, hats, and polished shoes. Today, you may see tattoos, athletic shoes, colorful hairstyles, mobility devices, and clothing that reflects every generation and culture represented in our communities.

These shifts do not mean the sport is dying; they reveal that the sport is adapting to a changing world. This distinction lies at the heart of our story: Are we losing something, or are we discovering new ways to thrive within different circumstances? Every weekend, I continue to find reasons for optimism.

TRANSFORMATION AND OPTIMISM

One of the greatest success stories of the past decade has been the National Owner-Handled Series (NOHS). Regardless of where you stand on every aspect of the program, it has encouraged participation, rewarded owner handlers, and created a changed system within AKC for competition at all levels for owners that did not previously exist. I believe it has become a significant force in keeping people actively engaged in the sport. According to the AKC website, NOHS accounts for approximately 80 percent of the total entries at shows. As a result, I continue to see exhibitors setting goals, developing better dogs, and competing at increasingly higher levels.

Alongside that success, however, I also see something else that rarely gets mentioned.

I see exhibitors who WANT to learn!

When I founded Dog Show Mentor, I had no idea how many exhibitors would be interested in developing their knowledge of the sport through online education. What I discovered was one of the most encouraging experiences of my career.

Owner Handlers from every corner of North America continue investing their time and resources to become better students of the sport. They attend workshops, participate in online mentoring programs, study Breed Standards, analyze judging decisions, and ask insightful questions because they genuinely want to improve.

Dog Show Mentor is certainly not the only example. Breed clubs are offering educational seminars. Regional clubs are inviting speakers. Experts across the country are giving generously of their knowledge. Exhibitors are sharing information in ways that simply were not possible twenty years ago.

Taken together, these observations tell a story of a sport not in decline, but one that is adapting and growing in new ways.

It is a community investing in its future.

Walk through the grooming area at almost any large show and look around. You will hear conversations in multiple languages and meet exhibitors from Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Australia, Russia, Ukraine, and throughout Europe. You will see young professionals standing beside retirees, seasoned breeders helping first-time exhibitors, and families introducing children to the responsibilities of caring for purebred dogs.

EVIDENCE OF CHANGE

All of these points are examples of the remarkable diversity our sport has achieved. This diversity does not suggest the sport has lost something. Rather, I see evidence that it has become more welcoming. It is unquestionably one of the last sports that brings people from all walks of life together, open to all.

Not long ago, I watched a woman confidently showing her Toy dog while using a walker. She handled her dog beautifully, and no one around her seemed to think twice about it. At another show, I had at least two twenty-something young men in my ring. I hoped their experiences were as valuable to them as they were inspiring to me. They were curious, asked thoughtful questions, and appeared to admire the other dogs. Those moments stayed with me because they reminded me that every experienced exhibitor was once an attendee at their first dog show. It’s as unadulterated as a circus used to be. Every one of us was new at one time.

The question is not whether new people are coming; it’s what happens after they’ve arrived. There is an opportunity to promote breeds that are appropriate to the individual or family, as well as our own breed. As fanciers, we should intentionally reinforce a positive view of Conformation and other dog sports as welcoming.

THE TREMENDOUS POWER IN THE KINDNESS OF STRANGERS

Sometimes, a solitary conversation at ringside convinces someone to take their first educational experience. One encouraging breed mentor can change the direction of an exhibitor’s entire career. The entire trajectory of a breed can be changed by a single conversation. Those opportunities surround us every weekend.

I also find it interesting that, while many people speak of declining quality, I continue to judge outstanding dogs in breed after breed. In some areas, I see larger entries in Collies, German Shorthaired Pointers, Vizslas, and several other breeds. I continue to see impressive Four-to-Six Month (Beginner Puppy) classes that give every indication that the next generation is already on its way.

Should we continue striving for quality? Absolutely. Preservation has always been the foundation of our sport, and it always should be. The answer is never to lower the bar. The key is to educate more people, so they understand why that bar exists.

The real conversation should not be if our sport is dying, but how we can help it thrive through adaptation. Focusing on transformation opens the door to positive change.

SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO THRIVE AS A SPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY

We have the power to transform social media into an educational system that promotes our sport in a positive way. I choose to believe what I continue seeing every weekend. That is:

exhibitors learning
clubs adapting
experts investing in people
dogs that continue taking my breath away.

Most of all, I observe a community that still shares a deep love for purebred dogs and the preservation of their breeds.

No, I do not believe our sport is dying. There is an undeniable evolution, and our sport is adapting, but it is not ending. The best days still lie ahead; the future holds great things for us.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

As the founder of Dog Show Mentor, Lee Whittier helps owner handlers become more knowledgeable, confident, and competitive through education, mentorship, and a strategic approach to showing dogs. Her work encourages exhibitors to look beyond the ribbon, better understand their dogs and the judging process, and continually improve their skills both inside and outside the ring. Lee brings more than three decades of experience in purebred dogs to her mentoring, writing, and judging. An experienced Best In Show breeder and exhibitor, former AKC Executive Field Representative, and internationally respected judge, she now judges multiple Groups at prestigious dog shows throughout the United States and internationally. A regular contributor to SHOWSIGHT, Lee received the 2026 Dog Writers Association of America Award for Op-Ed or Commentary, taking top honors in the category for her SHOWSIGHT article. Lee lives in Vancouver, Washington, where she enjoys her Tibetan Terriers, gardening, and hiking. To learn more about expanding your dog show horizons, contact Lee at: Lee@DogShowMentor.com.

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Dog Show Mentor Lee Whittier.

33:T2ce8,

BEFORE WE CAN BE GOOD WINNERS, WE MUST LEARN TO LOSE WELL

BY LEXA RICHMOND

In the world of purebred dogs, we talk often about breeding programs, presentation, conditioning, and the pursuit of excellence. We discuss Breed Standards, pedigrees, rankings, and championships. But there is a harder conversation that deserves equal attention: how we lose.

The show ring does more than evaluate dogs. It reveals character. It magnifies temperament. It exposes whether we have learned to separate outcome from identity. Before any of us can truly be good winners, we must first learn to be good losers.

In a culture increasingly uncomfortable with disappointment, many youth activities have shifted toward “participation trophies”—awards given simply for showing up. While often well-intentioned and designed to boost confidence, participation trophies can unintentionally damage children by fostering entitlement, reducing motivation, and hindering the development of resilience. By rewarding presence rather than effort or achievement, this practice creates an unrealistic, distorted view of the world—where merit is essential— ultimately leading to disappointment and failure. When presence is rewarded equally with excellence, the lesson becomes distorted: effort and achievement no longer matter. Children may begin to expect recognition without the discipline, sacrifice, or improvement that real accomplishment requires. Over time, this sense of entitlement can follow them into adulthood, producing individuals who struggle to handle loss, rejection, or competition because they were never taught how to lose with perspective, humility, and resilience.

Youth activities such as sports, band, debate, or other competitive programs traditionally teach lessons that extend far beyond performance. They teach respect for others by valuing teammates, opponents, and officials, including accepting referee decisions without arguing. They instill integrity and fairness by emphasizing playing by the rules even when not being watched, focusing on honest competition rather than simply winning. They cultivate emotional control by requiring composure under pressure, discouraging overreaction, and encouraging dignity in defeat. They promote teamwork and humility by teaching participants to support teammates, recognize others’ contributions, and avoid arrogance after a win. Most importantly, they reinforce lifelong lessons—that effort and character matter more than the final score.

It has been my experience that adults who struggle most with sportsmanship often did not participate in structured competitive activities as children where they were required to compete with others and were guided on how to be good players, good teammates, and respectful competitors. Without early exposure to fair competition and accountability, the skills necessary to handle loss are never fully developed. When those individuals later step into environments like the show ring—where outcomes are public and merit-based—the absence of those foundational lessons becomes visible.

Dog shows operate on merit. In the Conformation ring, structure matters. Presentation matters. Preparation matters. There are multiple placements awarded throughout the day, but everyone enters the ring striving for that first-place ribbon, that Winners placement, that Best of Breed, that Group First. Placements reflect evaluation on that day, against that competition, under that judge. Even with several awards offered, only one exhibit rises to the top at each level. That is not cruelty. It is the structure of competition.

To reach a higher level of competition in the ring, we must remember that we are not truly competing against one another. We are competing our dogs against the Breed Standard. On the day of competition, a judge—when performing their role properly—is evaluating each dog against the written Breed Standard, not against the person at the end of the lead and not based on personal relationships. The judge’s responsibility is to determine which exhibit, on that day, best represents the ideal described in that Standard.

When we understand this, the dynamic of competition shifts. The person beside us is not the opponent; the Standard is the measure. The ribbon is not a personal validation of worth, nor is the absence of one a personal slight. It is simply a determination that another dog more closely matched the ideal at that moment in time. Accepting that perspective requires maturity, objectivity, and trust in the process.

One of the worst sportsmanship mistakes we can make today is to take our grievances to social media. It is easy to become a keyboard warrior when there are no immediate consequences. Posting about how unfair the judging was, implying that another dog was not as good, questioning motives, or publicly complaining about a loss may feel justified in the moment, but it is a bad look for the exhibitor and for the sport. Digital platforms do not soften poor sportsmanship—they amplify it. What might have once been a frustrated comment ringside can now live permanently online, shared, screenshotted, and remembered.

Publicly disparaging judges, competitors, or outcomes undermines the integrity of the very system we voluntarily participate in. If we enter under a judge, we accept that judge’s opinion for that day. Disagreement is natural; disappointment is natural. I am not suggesting that we cannot express our opinions or frustrations. We are human. We care deeply about our dogs and our work. But there is a difference between processing disappointment privately and broadcasting grievances publicly. Take it back to the hotel room, the motor home, or a private phone call where it belongs. Strong competition and strong opinions can exist, but they must be balanced with restraint, respect, and self-control. Public disparagement is not professional, and it does not elevate the sport.

Integrity in loss is more powerful than grace in victory. My mentor used to say, “Look better losing than the dog winning.” I would forget it more than I remembered, but those words stayed with me.

On my very first trip to Westminster in 2005, I was a novice dog person. During the Breed judging, I had consistently been in the front of the line with my bitch. I survived two hard cuts and watched as most of the top-winning competition from the previous year was dismissed from the ring. Near the end of judging, I vividly remember the judge pulling out two males from behind me to move them. I was devastated, immediately jumping to the conclusion that I had lost. The defeat rushed in before the decision had even been made. But in that moment, I remembered her words. Instead of shrinking, I ramped up my handling. I told myself I was going to fight until the very end. I was going to look better losing than the dog winning.

At the end, the two males went behind me. The judge moved us and pointed to me for the win.

I often think about that moment. What would have happened if I had quit fighting for it? What if I had allowed myself to be preemptively defeated? What if I had self-sabotaged because I assumed the outcome before it was decided?

And what if I had truly lost? What would my reaction have been—and what should it have been? On one of the world’s biggest dog show stages, in front of spectators and cameras, can you imagine throwing a hissy fit? The stage may be larger at Westminster, but the principle is the same at every show. Composure matters. Dignity matters. Our reactions become part of our reputation.

That lesson came back to test me years later.

Last year, I was campaigning one of the best bitches I have ever bred. She had been on a hot streak and had been going back and forth with another very nice bitch in our area. In fact, we were ranked number one and number two in the country. They had been trading wins all weekend, and on the final day she gave what I felt was her best performance of the series. She ended up losing to the other bitch, and I was unhappy about it.

As I came out of the ring, a friend who had been watching approached me and got in my ear about the decision, reinforcing a preconceived notion I already had about the relationship between the judge and the handler. Whether that perception was true or not, it should not have mattered. It was not my place to speculate, and it certainly was not professional to voice it. The comments fueled the frustration I was already feeling, and a few minutes later, in the grooming area, I blasted the other competitor. It was not deserved, and I should not have done it.

The difference between those two moments was not the quality of the dog or the importance of the show. The difference was discipline. At Westminster, I controlled the emotion and let professionalism take over. Last year, I allowed frustration—and someone else’s voice—to influence my behavior.

That mistake turned into a lesson. I realized how quickly pride and competition can override judgment if we are not careful. I have vowed to myself that I will never let the competition—or someone else’s commentary—get in the way of my professionalism again. We are responsible for our own reactions, regardless of who is standing beside us.

We all show dogs because we care deeply about the sport. We are passionate. We all want to win. Nobody enjoys losing. But the ability to win with humility is rooted in the ability to lose with dignity. If we cannot accept defeat with composure, we are not yet prepared to carry victory responsibly.

The ring will always produce winners and non-winners. That will not change. What can change is how we respond. Before we can truly be good winners—before we can celebrate with grace, lead with integrity, and represent the sport with honor—we must first learn to lose well.

Because, in the end, ribbons fade, rankings change, and reputations endure. And character is revealed most clearly not in victory, but in defeat.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

© Andra O’Connell

Breeding Standard Smooth Dachshunds under the Hialeah prefix since 2002, Lexa Richmond has produced more than 50 AKC Champions through a small, carefully managed program. While maintaining a primary career as a school teacher, her breeding program—modest in scale—has achieved remarkable success, with dogs earning top honors in both the show ring and as influential contributors to the breed, including the top-producing Smooth bitch of 2016, Hialeah’s Effie Trinket ROMX. Lexa has been an AKC Judge of Dachshunds since 2017.

A dedicated advocate for purebred dogs and preservation breeding, Lexa is committed to maintaining breed type, soundness, temperament, and purpose while safeguarding the future of dogs through responsible breeding practices. An educator for 28 years, she brings a lifelong passion for education and mentorship to the dog community and believes that the success of purebred dogs depends on collaboration, education, and ethical stewardship. Through her work, she strives to promote excellence in breeding, judging, and the advancement of dogs in both form and function.

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IT’S MY BALL AND YOU CAN’T PLAY: HOW POWER, EXCLUSION, AND RELATIONAL AGGRESSION OPERATE WITHIN DOG SHOW CULTURE.

BY MICHAEL NELINSON

My writings regarding dog show culture are largely observational, and my observations are drilled down through scientific inquiry regarding human behavior to explain their occurrence. If you have not read my last piece on relational aggression in dog show culture (“Silent Bullies! Relational Aggression in Dog Shows,” SHOWSIGHT January 2026) you should probably go back and read it before you read this piece, since this article delineates how relational aggression is applied in different areas of dog show culture.

I am sure the title of this article resonates for most of us, as we can recall a bratty child in our youth bullying other kids they did not wish to play with. Sadly, the bratty child could care less about the feelings of others, or the downstream psychological harm they are doing. Like the bratty child, the bratty adult uses these tactics to protect their ranking in a social hierarchy, control a group dynamic, or remove a competitive threat. Ironically, while dog show culture has become a “safe haven” for marginalized subgroups who rage-on in their social media posts about inclusion and equity, many of the same people vilify and victimize others who do not fit into their social group or threaten the power they have gleaned through their perceived or desired ownership of the ball.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Sadly, I am writing this due to my own personal experiences as a person who showed dogs as a youth in the 1980s, and for a brief period in the late 1990s, returning in 2017 once my children were grown. Returning to the sport, I came back with fresh eyes, scientific knowledge, and the expectation that the sport was “about the dog.” I was lucky; my mother bred Standard Poodles, and I was mentored by both the Poodle and the Terrier communities under the grooming tents in the Northeastern US. (I often pay homage to Wendell Sammett, Peter Green, and Anne Rodgers Clark for their time and teaching.) When I returned in 2017 and won my first Breed, a friend asked me if I was going to compete in the Owner-Handled Group. I have to confess, I had no idea what she was talking about. I showed in Owner-Handled just once, after losing a bet with my co-breeder, and I decided it wasn’t really my thing.

Returning to dog shows, I retraced some of my parents’ footsteps in the attempt to fully immerse myself in the sport that I learned to love as a child. I believed that it was important to join my breed’s national club, and I wanted to join a regional specialty club that my parents belonged to at the time it was founded. When I was young, dog shows were a happy place where I felt engaged and included, even if it meant playing everyone’s most-willing “bucket bitch.” I played this role and was paid back with coaching, knowledge, and friendship. When I asked one of the well-known breeders to sponsor me for my breed club, I discovered that she never put my application through to the board. I did not confront this person or ask for an explanation; I went to someone else I knew for a long time, and they put it through and I became a member.

While waiting to go into the Group at a regional specialty show, a wonderful older woman, who was a founder of the club, stopped me and said, “You must be Les Nelinson’s son.” (I guess I look like my dad.) She knew my parents back when the club was founded, and we laughed about some of my parents’ innocent, silly but well-intentioned behaviors. My mother was not very skilled in social situations, so I was forced to be the intermediary in many cases. The woman told me that I needed to become a member, and I was happy to rejoin a club that my parents watched come into existence. When I applied for membership, however, I was blocked, most likely by one of the board members who held a grudge against my co-breeder that dates to an incident that occurred in 1967 between himself and her grandfather. In 1967, I was three years old and my co-breeder had not been born, but this individual, who is “an important member” of dog show culture, a former handler, and a judge, should be the arbiter of who should be allowed to participate?

THE LUCIFER EFFECT

While my journey in dog show culture makes for a unique personal interest story, what I am describing is discussed by social psychologists as the “Lucifer Effect,” a psychological concept describing how ordinary, morally grounded people can be corrupted to commit cruel or evil acts. These cruel acts are cultivated through the use of relational aggression to target and remove those who either don’t fit cleanly into the social hierarchy or pose a threat to the power that a person or a group holds in a particular environment. We are all familiar with the metaphor, “one bad apple,” but Philip Zimbardo, whose work is critical to our understanding of systemic abuses of power, points out that it is usually not about one apple. It is about a social environment that has become corrupted: the bad barrel. Zimbardo suggests that we shouldn’t just look for “bad apples” (corrupt individuals) but rather examine the “bad barrel” (the environment, situation, or social system) that enables and forces individuals to act out of character. Sadly, if you have not figured it out, dog shows have become a bad barrel.

Many of my friends have experienced relational aggression that has been projected into organized hostilities within their national breed clubs, all-breed clubs, and with individuals in dog show culture. I wish I could say that this is a rare problem—but it’s not. One of the big changes in the culture of dog shows is that it has moved away from being a breeder community that sought to preserve and improve their respective breeds to become an alternative and insular social environment. In a way, it is sort of like high school, but instead of jocks, stoners, and geeks, you have judges, handlers, breeders, and NOHS people. And within each group there is an “in” group and an “out” group. The latter group is often slandered, gossiped about, and derided. Which group you belong to, and who you are friends with, really matters. Scary. I graduated from high school in 1982, but the behaviors that made high school a torture for me have followed me here.

Further exacerbating the problem is that dog shows have become a social media phenomenon. If you didn’t post it on Facebook, it didn’t really happen. On social media there are hundreds of dog show-relevant groups, specialist groups where people can hang with their friends, post their often-inappropriate thoughts about judges, or gossip about anyone and everyone in dog show culture. Within these groups is often where “inversion,” or the targeting of individuals with false or exaggerated narratives, begins and spreads. One of my friends was sent a post about herself from a “secret breed group” where they disparaged her and her dogs terribly. Sadly, she has become a target because she holds the moral and ethical high ground in a breed that is struggling with health issues and diminishing registration numbers. Like myself, she will tell you that it’s fine if you don’t like her, but don’t make up lies and slander her! Another friend, who is the most highly rewarded breeder, owner, handler of all-time in her breed, has members of her breed club actively trying to sabotage her in an attempt to derail her winning program. She was targeted at her national specialty, and some of the deliberate actions were so egregious that she left the national and drove overnight to show at a different show. (She had double-entered because she had a feeling that something creepy was happening behind her back.) To her credit, her dog won Best in Show. I guess you can talk all you want, but the cream will rise to the top. It might appear that she came out on top, but in truth, she was emotionally injured, sad, physically exhausted, confused, and angry, trying to understand why the people in her breed were so awful to her.

I must take a second to make an important statement that needs little clarification: There is nothing you can achieve at a dog show that validates the abuse of others! If you rant on social media about people in the government abusing power, why are you acting like them? All it does is prove that you are immoral, unethical, and self-centered, and that you are trying to control the environment to eliminate people who you perceive as threats.

Evil consists of intentionally behaving in ways that harm, abuse, demean, dehumanize, or destroy innocent others— or using one’s authority and systemic power to encourage or permit others to do so on your behalf. In short, it is ‘knowing better but doing worse.’”
—Philip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil

The older members of this community will recall the story of Olympic figure skater Tonya Harding. In 1994, she orchestrated an assault with her ex-husband, Shane, who struck another competitor, Nancy Kerrigan, on the knee with a baton to remove her from competition. Any rational person could see that the action was not appropriate, but you don’t need a baton to injure a person. Physical abuse can even seem less harmful than psychological abuse, since the bruises heal faster. In dog show culture, I have seen many neophyte competitors run off by the relative “stake holders” of their breed, who refused to offer a helping hand and some mentoring to help the newbies become part of the community. With the AKC registration crisis and declining dog show entries, we really need everybody if the sport is to survive.

If dog shows are to survive, they need to be a diverse, inclusive, and equitable environment where the dogs that are being exhibited are what matters. We need to get back to a time when it was about breeders doing the difficult work of preserving and improving their breeds. To do this, we need to encourage others to learn as much as they can so that they can be the future success stories, breeding and exhibiting dogs that matter to their breed and to dog show culture.

The sad conclusion to this article is that it is unlikely that the abusers in our environment will stop being abusers. The violators succeed at driving people away from dog shows, and they keep people from becoming helpful members of clubs while diminishing the value of dog show culture for everyone. And while the AKC has created a new Code of Sportsmanship and Civility, the problem runs so deeply through the fabric of dog show culture that they would need to create an enforcement branch just to deal with the complaints and prevent people from taking their ball and going somewhere else to play.

Link to AKC Code of Sportsmanship and Civility: https://images.akc.org/pdf/AKC_code_of_sportsmanship.pdf

Link to my article on relational aggression: https://showsightmagazine.com/the-silent-bullies-relational-aggres-sion-in-dog-shows/

If you are interested in discussions of this type, please join the Dog Show Psychology Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/dogshowpsychology

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RAMBLINGS FROM A SMALL ISLAND... WITH FRANK KANE

BEST OF BREED TYPE MUST PLAY THE BIG PART

BY FRANK KANE

The ultimate award in the Breed rings at a show is the ribbon handed to the winner declared as Best of Breed (or Best of Variety), and those words are printed on the ribbon. It does not declare best-moving dog, best-presented dog, most-winning dog, best handler, most prestigiously owned dog, the dog most likely to do well in the Group competition... but simply Best of Breed, implying that it is the best example of the breed in the ring on the day.

At the starter level, the tools which equip a person to judge are basic: an understanding of conformation and movement, and a detailed knowledge of the Breed Standard and the ability to apply this to the dogs in the ring. Throw in a knowledge of the original function of the breed and the judge might do a decent job. However, experience has taught me that a knowledge of breed type goes beyond the Breed Standard, and a good grasp of it comes over time with a deeper involvement with the breed.

In my early judging career days, I undertook a new breed at championship level, confident in the two basics and applying them to the dogs presented to me. However, it was always my practice after judging to seek out a review with a respected breed specialist, prepared for brickbats or bouquets, for these were learning experiences. From these discussions I soon discovered that every judging experience is a learning curve, even these days after 50 years of judging experience. One of the criticisms that stung me most would be the comment about my Best of Breed as “more of an all-rounder’s dog,” implying that it was sound and decent but lacking in some aspects of breed type. So, my next quest was to develop a grasp of TYPE in every breed I judged.

Of course, it did not come easily and I hope I have learned from my mistakes. On one occasion I was judging overseas, and in the Group rewarded a very handsome dog with the Group and was delighted to see another judge award the dog Best in Show. A year or so later, I was judging the breed at a show in a different country and into the Champion class trotted a very attractive dog, a great mover and showman, in superb condition and with a very adept handler with the look of confidence and entitlement; he had come to win! After examining the dog on the table and applying the Breed Standard, and after going over the other dogs and comparing them, I realized that the attractive dog did not fit with the others I liked in the breed and he went out unplaced (the handler looking deflated). After the judging, I saw ringside one of the world specialists in the breed, a friend for many years, and told him my feelings about the dog and why I had not placed him: a handsome dog but not possessing some features of breed type. He smiled and replied, “Yes, Frank, you are absolutely right, but perhaps you should explain that to the handler as that was the dog who won the Group under you in France last year!”

Red-faced when I recalled the show and the dog, but here was a real moment of learning. Group judging might well throw up such occasions when these dogs win because they are attractive show dogs rather than great examples of their breed type. And it enforces even more the importance of judging for type in the Breed rings so that the dogs going forward into Group competition are the best examples of their breed. I have experienced this more than once in my judging: liking a dog in the Group and being disappointed with it when later judging it in the Breed.

These days there are more extended Breed Standards written by breed clubs. In the US, you have been fortunate to have had these for many years, as the Breed Standards are owned by the clubs, whereas in the UK, the Breed Standards are maintained by the Royal Kennel Club, adjusted when necessary because breed clubs have requested alterations in the substance of the Standard or in its wording. Our Kennel Club has its own style of expression and construction, and I am aware that some are considered too vague by breeders and exhibitors and judges (myself included), and I speak as past chairman of that committee for 15 years.

I am an avid reader of Breed Standards and I still notice when clearer expression is needed, when there are details missing. I am frustrated when Standards describe which features should NOT be apparent, e.g., “eye not too large” or “ bone not heavy” or vagueness like “chest as deep as possible.” So, the quality of the descriptions in the Breed Standard impacts upon the knowledge and understanding of the judge. I confess that I often go to your AKC Standards for a fuller description, especially for your national breeds or breeds developed in America.

However, I believe the nuances of breed type are really grasped by having more experience in the breed, by watching respected judges, both breed specialists and non-specialists alike, going through their entry and picking out dogs of a certain pattern and possessing the same features. This is judging for TYPE by recognizing the pattern for a breed, and this helps to develop the eye for type in a breed.

I was fortunate to study for five years at the University of Leeds, not only because of its excellent school of English Literature for my academic studies, but I had an extra bonus (which I discovered after I had started there—honest!) that Leeds was the location for many of the northern breed clubs to hold their championship shows. I spent many happy weekends at the historic Corn Exchange building, seeing great dogs in many breeds, famous breeders with their dogs, and famous judges at work. I took the opportunity to talk with breeders and exhibitors about their breeds, so this provided me with a second education... on breed type. And I mention here two very special moments from those shows when I learned about movement and style as important parts of breed type, and that all breeds do not move the same.

At an English Springer Spaniel Championship show, I was fortunate to meet the late Jimmy Cudworth and Judith Hancock of Hawkhill fame; the Hawkhill type was the pattern for the breed. Perhaps their most famous dog was SH CH Hawkhill Connaught, Dog of the Year in the UK on at least one occasion. They pointed out the good movers in the breed, and by this I refer not to dogs that were sound front and rear but those that had the breed-specific movement— the swing from the shoulder which is something special for the breed (and relatively rare nowadays). Similarly, at an Afghan Hound show there, I saw dogs with the light, lifting gait with proud head carriage and wonderful tail carriage, all contributing to what our Standard calls “style of a high order.” Only recently I saw this when judging the breed, in a dog who was not outstanding on the stack but on the move went to another level, and it was all absolutely natural on a loose lead with a handler who was not the most gifted. It gave me goosebumps. Isn’t it amazing that when seeing something so correct and typical it can give you a real buzz? It took me back to my student years, and I am still nostalgic about those days.

Another help to understanding breed type is the study of books and looking at photographs of the breeds in the past, to see which features were apparent in the breed then and the changes apparent now. This is particularly beneficial in breeds which have dwindled in popularity and which are now not seen in such numbers in the show ring. In the UK, many of the trimmed terriers are no longer as numerous as they were; canine annuals from the 1940s and 1950s show the many breeders of Sealyhams and Welsh and Fox Terriers, to name but a few... and what an education lies in these photographs.

Recently, the RKC have formalized the process of ringside mentoring whereby a prospective judge sits ringside with an experienced breeder or judge to discuss dogs in the ring in confidential detail. Similarly, we now have the practice of student judges who may request to be a student in the ring with a judge who can explain features of a breed and also ask questions of the student. The judge then completes a report on the student’s readiness to judge or the need for further experience. This is a great way to learn about type, but the drawback is the time needed to be a good teacher: having a student slows down the judging process. The student judging process has long been established in some FCI countries, especially in Scandinavia.

When I started my interest in dog shows and judging, it was a much quoted belief that the specialist judge prioritized breed type, whereas for a non-specialist, soundness came first. That was a very simplistic generalization and might have led to many dogs becoming champions... it did, and I can remember some and they still exist. I am sure some readers can think of dogs within their breed that became champions, and Group-winning dogs that were not particularly good specimens of their breeds but were perhaps well-constructed, good-moving dogs with good ring presence and were well presented. They were generic show dogs and took top awards, defeating dogs that possessed more type. Well, soundness is a positive quality, but soundness without type can be detrimental to a breed. The danger is that when the generic show dog wins big, the audience seeing it, be they other judges or exhibitors, might well assume that it is a good example of the breed. Judges might rush to join the fan club and play “follow my leader,” and breeders and exhibitors, wanting to get on the winning trail, breed to it, and gradually this can lead to more dogs of the same features in the breed—and the breed is changed and type is lost. I can think of dogs that win Group and Best in Show awards but have never won a major Breed award from a specialist in the breed. That’s bad, in my opinion. Remember when dog shows were originally held to promote the best breeding stock? Is winning more important than type these days? In a breeding program, soundness without type is not a good choice. What is wanted by the breeder and the judge is type WITH soundness.

At a grass roots level, when I am leading a general breed seminar, I ask participants to write down the most important features of their breed on a note card which they would give to a non-specialist about to judge their breed.

The UK was once proclaimed as the cradle of breed specialist judges, and so it remains. For most general championship shows, the judging panel consists of a high proportion of breed specialists with a nucleus of all-rounder judges. This is economically viable because judges do not receive a fee for judging in the UK. Most shows offer travel expense to judges, and if distance warrants it, hospitality for the night before the show. Some judges judge in an honorary capacity, deeming it a privilege to be invited. Sometimes, breeds will air their opinion on judging panels in their breed notes in the media if they think that the balance of specialists and non-specialists is undesirable, with too many non-specialists judging the breed.

Stateside and in FCI shows around the world, this might not be economically viable, as all-rounder judges are needed to cover a number of breeds each day, and for that they are paid a token daily fee. The danger lies in generic judging and what has recently been termed as “lemming judges.” When insecure in a breed, a judge might well be happy to fall for the attraction of a familiar, well-advertised, big-winning dog, irrespective of breed type. At the cluster shows, clean sweeps for one dog in a breed throughout the cluster must be very disheartening for other exhibitors, especially when the dog is not typey.

I think it is very healthy for breeds when general shows, and not just breed clubs, hire breed specialists occasionally. Crufts dog show uses many breed specialists, and more recently, has included more specialists from overseas to judge their breed, to cast a new, specialist opinion. This has been much appreciated, evidenced in big entries for those judges. At the World Dog Show in Italy recently, I was delighted to see their policy of bringing breed specialists from home and abroad to judge popular breeds which bring in a lot of money for the shows with their big numbers: Retrievers, Poodles, and English Cockers are examples. I hope other WDS hosts will follow this lead. In too many of the World Shows, the schedules have been heavy with international canine politicians because of the nature of an FCI World Show. Italy has opened the door for progress in promoting more type judging in the Breed rings.

My book, Judging the Gundog Breeds, was originally written as “JUDGING FOR TYPE IN THE GUNDOG BREEDS” and I was persuaded (regretfully) to abbreviate it to its present title, for brevity and because the phrase “for type” made it sound too abstract. However, the text of the book emphasizes the importance of type by using the rather unsubtle large font on the word: TYPE. At a grass roots level, when I am leading a general breed seminar, I ask participants to write down the most important features of their breed on a note card which they would give to a non-specialist about to judge their breed. This makes them focus on breed type. I then ask for volunteers to stand up and, without naming their breed, read out their focus points. Then we see if the audience can recognize the breed. Some doggy friends have adapted this as a party game.

I keep my own compact note cards on every breed. They focus on type essentials. For me, one of the key indicators for breed type is the shape or outline of the dog; its proportions of length to height; the proportions of leg length to body depth. Can you identify the breed from a blacked-out silhouette? I use these at seminars too. Type versus soundness is a no-brainer. The good judge should demand both. All-rounder versus specialist? I was fortunate enough to have the late RM James (Bobby) as a mentor. He had a wonderful eye for breed type in every breed he judged and I try to follow his advice: “Try to judge every breed as a specialist.” Judging for correct breed type is one way that judges can preserve and protect our breeds.

From grass roots Breed judging to Group and Best in Show judging, type must play the big part... the window dressing can come later!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Frank Kane had his first dog, a blue roan Cocker, in 1962 and has been involved in the world of show dogs ever since.

While at university, he bought a Sealyham Terrier with part of his student grant, and this dog, Prince Charming Of Mannin, became a champion. After university he acquired two American Cocker bitches, while the breed was in its infancy in the UK. One became a champion and both produced multiple champions. Retaining his love of (English) Cockers, he became a championship show judge in 1974 and is now approved to judge all Groups and Best in Show in the UK. He judged Best in Show at Crufts in 2012.

After retiring from his lecturing career, he became a member of The Kennel Club Board, and among his roles there he was chairman of the Breed Standards Committee for 16 years and chairman of one of the dog health groups.

He has written several books on dogs, notably Judging the Gundog Breeds, which is used in several countries in training schemes for judges. For the past 20 years, Frank has been a commentator and presenter in the television coverage of Crufts.

Outside his canine interests, Frank retains his interest in equine sports, particularly the showing of hacks and hunters. He is a keen tennis fan and loves the theater arts.

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MEMBERSHIP: WHAT DOES BEING A MEMBER MEAN?

BY MARLENE GROVES

Cambridge Dictionary defines a member as: “a person, animal, or thing that is part of a group.” It’s rather a simple word with a simple meaning; but maybe not when we apply it to our sport of dogs.

Our dog clubs have members, but are they really a part of the club? Do they apply for membership only to get voted in and then not come to a meeting, event, or do anything more than pay annual dues?

Perhaps they join a dog club and try to be “part of the group,” but then don’t feel welcomed or included. Maybe the current membership is so tight they can’t break into it; or the club is run mainly by a faction. Maybe they are new to the sport and feel uncomfortable. Or it’s possible they just thought they would fit in the dog world, but don’t.

Most of my clubs are in the lane of trying to attract new members, while sharing the workload of their club with existing members and even helping some long-time seat holders find a way to let go and let another member learn or take on a task or seat.

Members in dog clubs are expected to be a part of our community by attending meetings, helping/volunteering at events, etc. But then, when they don’t, what do clubs do or need to do?

I think we need to bring more and more new people into our clubs. But I also feel we should consider starting new folks as “associate members,” so they do understand they need to attend meetings and contribute. Otherwise, it’s just a name on a list that paid the club $15-25.

Maybe the difference is that we are a ‘hobby-based’ world, versus any sort of ‘service or business-based’ group. In agriculture, people unite together in their associations (clubs) and work together promoting their ‘industry,’ so they can sell their products.

Then there’s the other side. Something that I have successfully proposed for one of my clubs is to offer longtime members who’ve moved away or aged-out, so to speak, an Honorary Associate Membership. This is to honor their longtime support of the club, but also to help club quorums for people who are not going to participate, and yet, it still allows those individuals to stay up on what is happening in the club they were once really engaged with!

Now I’d like to flip my thoughts a bit to say, many people join a club and are excited, energized, and ready to help. Then they try to volunteer… and are told, “Oh, that committee is full,” or “You aren’t ready for that role,” or one of my least favorites, “They don’t have the ability or bandwidth to do that job.” Many members have very high skill sets overall, yet, we judge them. Shame on us!

The other situation I currently see is people volunteer to do something, then they don’t (a variety of reasons why) and say, “Oh, sorry, this or that.” I/we get it. We understand “life happens,” but please do not wait until the 11th and half hour to speak up and say you will not finish the task you stepped up to do. I must add that this feels like a completely different value or accountability system than I am used to, as never in my wildest dreams would I say I am gonna do something and then say, “No, sorry.”

We are a “sport” of dogs, right? So, thinking of sports and sports teams, if someone on the “team” did not play/perform, do they stay or get replaced? The reverse applies as well. When a player wants to play but is never put in, do they stay or leave?

I’ve managed a fair number of people in business; but business (the workplace) is far different from the volunteer world. I have also coordinated volunteers for other organizations, from Girl Scouts (and I will add, my values come from Girl Scouts) to local, regional, and national agriculture associations, to even political entities. Our dog show world is more than a little different, and I honestly don’t know why. Well, maybe I do.

Maybe the difference is that we are a “hobby-based” world, versus any sort of “service or business-based” group. In agriculture, people unite together in their associations (clubs) and work together promoting their “industry,” so they can sell their products. In service groups, from Girl Scouts to the Red Cross and Churches, they are bound tightly based on a strongly held values system. I don’t believe dog clubs have any of those foundational elements.

We seem joined by things like running around in left-handed circles, and wanting ribbons, rankings, and even titles more than breeding or growing/saving our sport.

My final parting thought is: If I was in charge of the AKC (laughing very loudly out loud), I would want to investigate becoming member-based like the AAA, AARP, NRA, etc. Imagine if 13 to 14 million people in the US who have purebred dogs paid the AKC $10 in dues—CHA-CHING!

Thanks for reading my thoughts about membership. I’d sure welcome hearing your thoughts.

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IT’S ALL ABOUT THE JUDGE: AN ENTIRE DAY DEDICATED TO CYNOGNOSTIC THEORY

BY ANNE M. TUREEN

The 2026 FCI World Congress for Show Judges in Bologna, Italy, on June 2, 2026 was a grueling day of over eight hours with tiny coffee breaks and barely enough lunch time to get through the buffet line. It might have been better spread out in a two-day event, though goodness knows, with the pace of life today and the cost of travel, it was a miracle to get together over two hundred dog show judges in one place. So it’s a good thing that the organizer, Claudio De Giuliani, packed into his day as many quality speakers as he could manage.

Two of the speakers really bowled over everyone in the room. Gopi Krishnan of Malaysia spoke on the topic, “Qualifications: Evaluation, Responsibility, and Perception of Judging.” This is a tricky subject which can easily sound like a textbook reading, a schoolteacher beratement, or a holier-than-thou sermon, and there were moments when the other speakers fell into these traps at one time or another—but not Gopi. The sheer force of his charm and humor, and the clarity of his ideas, set off occasional crackles of spontaneous clapping, cheering, and at the end, a standing ovation. The only other standing ovation was earned by Louis Donald who gave us a sneak peek into his new volume on the Herding Group. His visuals were “off the charts,” his energy and focus reminding us why we began this whole dog thing to begin with. He was contagious.

The biggest surprises were Lemo Nikša of Croatia who bent his topic, “Animal Welfare and Ethical Judging,” enough to comprise the origins and development of dogs, clearly his favorite subject. His erudite knowledge and love of this topic made us wish he could have been given another slot of time to continue. The even bigger surprise was the presentation prior to Niska, listed as the representatives of Royal Canin. Expectations were admittedly low as Elodie Morel and Casey Knox took the podium, with presentiments of a droning shpiel on nutrition, blended with a eulogy of the company and slide after slide of statistics and nauseating honey-toned images of children holding puppies. Instead, I was fully drawn in by the initiatives the company has undertaken, completely independent of their core mission to sell dog food. Their research answered some major questions such as how families find their puppies, what distinguishes a low-quality breedership from a high-quality one, the dynamics of abandoned animals in various countries, and a synthesis of what they term “the pet eco system” internationally. The company seems truly committed to pet health and to working closely with organizations such as the FCI to improve pet welfare.

Lemo Nikša presents a slide on the origins and development of dogs.

The event was well worth attending, though inevitably, there were some slow moments and people tended to get restless toward the end. But overall, the high points prevailed. It was the perfect way to get together an international group of dog show judges and get us all talking about the esoteric and complex subject that dominates our lives after, or should we say, usually after, the priorities of work and family. Claudio De Giuliani posted his own reflections of the event, picking up on a single word which had been used that day—bias—which he defined as: “A term widely used in cognitive science, it is a systematic tendency, often unconscious, that influences the way we perceive, interpret, and evaluate information, moving us away from complete objectivity.” He goes on to make several interesting comments which led him to the question: “How much of what we consider ‘correct’ truly derives from the Standard itself, and how much is influenced by our education, our cynological culture, and our visual background?” And he concludes: “(Bias) is an interpretive lens through which the Standard is read and which is often unconsciously regarded as ‘the correct interpretation.’” His (dual language) post in social media then analyzes aspects of this phenomenon and finally addresses the inevitable question: “How can bias be countered?” for which he provides a well-articulated answer, concluding the discussion with his private observation:

Perhaps the perfect judge is not the one who is free from bias, but the one who recognizes its existence and constantly strives to minimize its influence.

Claudio De Giuliani

I am amazed that this was only the Fourth World Congress organized in conjunction with the FCI World Dog Show, and I hope there will be more such opportunities to gather together colleagues who are dedicated to deepening the knowledge they have already accumulated and widening their horizons with the viewpoints of like-minded international colleagues. It is so rare to find an opportunity to discuss cynology with such a varied roomful of people raising the conversation above the local or even the national level of issues, politics, and acquaintances. It might be the closest we get to a real experience in my favorite place, the Ivory Tower!

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MEET THE PROFESSIONAL HANDLER: DAVID BUENO

1. How did your journey as a professional handler begin, and what keeps you passionate about this career today? (We’d love to hear about your background, your mentors, and your first time in the ring.)

First off, I need to clarify that I am not a Professional Handler in the true sense of the word. I consider myself to be a Rhodesian Ridgeback enthusiast who happened to start showing my own dog in the early 1990s. After finishing him, I was hooked. At the start of my love affair with the dog show world, I showed mostly Ridgebacks I’d bred under the Westwood kennel name. Eventually, I was recruited to handle Ridgebacks for Bay Area acquaintances and eventually finished more than 60. My main Ridgeback client for the last 14 years has been Clayton Heathcock, Camelot Rhodesian Ridgebacks. I have had good success with a number of Camelot dogs, both class dogs and specials, winning multiple Bests in Show, Reserve Bests in Show, and Bests in Specialty Shows. Through the years, ring competition became like a drug, albeit a very time-consuming and costly one! I learned by watching many successful handlers, including Karen and Mike Kurtzner, who handled for Clayton, Andy Linton and others. I also took many handling classes from teachers like Jeff Heim and Nitsa Trayler. Over time, I honed a few skills and became relatively decent at the craft. Nitsa Trayler was one tough cookie. She did not let you get away with any mess ups. Some may not have liked her drill sergeant method, but I credit her with teaching me some great techniques. She often takes credit for my success in the ring.

2. What does being a “professional” mean to you, both in the ring and beyond? How do you preserve the traditions of being a true professional (and not a self-proclaimed one) and how do you ensure the safety of the dogs in your care?

Again, I first consider myself a dog lover, not a conventional “Professional Handler.” While I have shown dogs for others, in my mind, being a true professional means taking great care of the dogs, showing them to their best, and enjoying what you are doing! My dogs are spoiled to the core, as are dogs that I show for others. I don’t travel with a ton of other dogs, but rather a very few. Something I have learned is over-training a dog can make them ring sour, while spending time bonding with them and playing with them so that they have fun in the ring is the most important thing that either a pro or a novice can do. Anyone can make a robot out of a dog, but having their spirit up makes them love it. As far as ensuring safety, I am very careful with the dogs under my care and treat them as though they were my own. I travel with a big Ford van and tow a nice travel trailer. The dogs are always in a climate-controlled environment in the van while on the road, and when done showing, they are with me in the trailer or very close by. I love to take the dogs on runs either on turf or at the beach when possible.

3. Can you walk us through your preparation process before stepping into the ring with a dog? From conditioning and training to mindset, what does it take to deliver a top-level performance consistently?

First, bond with the dog. Befriend them through touch or food, get the dogs to move freely on a loose lead and pay attention. Teaching them basics like showing teeth, stacking, and staying are critical. I like to bike them and get them to gait smoothly and freely. To get a top-level performance, you first must have a great representative of the breed. You need to be able to move at the appropriate speed for the dog and you need to disappear and let the dog shine. Of course, the dogs must be clean and shiny, and nails trimmed.

4. What changes have you seen in the sport over the years—for better or worse? What’s your perspective on judging trends, show formats, exhibitor behavior, mentorship, and the influence of social media?

I think one of the biggest changes I have seen out here in California is the lack of venues. More and more clubs are putting on shows at the same venues as facilities become scarce. The costs of showing have become too restrictive, between gas to get there, hotel costs to stay there, entry fees, and handling costs. It seems like a lot of our entry numbers are declining. Overall, in the 35-plus years I have been involved, we have had similar issues, but some of the faces have changed. The biggest changes have been in social media. People posting online to promote their dogs has become HUGE! But it is a sign of the times. I see most people are willing to share information and mentor others. Some should, maybe some shouldn’t! I think anyone sharing should really know the Breed Standards first. It is surprising, when asked specifics about the Standard, how many people don’t know.

5. How can we teach Juniors the importance of continuing to learn about different breeds, care and training, grooming and handling, and the value of keeping the essence of the sport alive?

Knowing the details of breed-specific coat, grooming, movement, etc., can only make them better exhibitors. So many Juniors are offspring of prior breeders/handlers that they come by it naturally, perhaps even genetically. So, obviously, dog show folks need to have more kids!

6. What are the biggest challenges and opportunities facing the dog show community today? Where do you see growth, and where is improvement needed? Are there positive trends that give you hope for the future of the sport?

One common complaint that I have heard is judges putting up the handler at the end of the lead, instead of the dog at the other end of the lead.

One common complaint that I have heard is judges putting up the handler at the end of the lead, instead of the dog at the other end of the lead. While I honestly have felt that sting, I would hope more judges would keep their eyes on the dog being shown. As far as growth in the ring, I see a great number of quality dogs being shown. Many people are paying attention and improving our breed. At least in my breed, sadly, so many of the old mentors have passed on. Foundational mentors Diane Jacobsen (Calico Ridge), Alicia Hanna (Kimani), and Barbara Sawyer Brown (Kwetu), all passed away in the last two years. But their places are being filled by the next generation of breeders and that is a positive thing.

7. What would you like the fancy to know about you? Outside of dogs, what helps you stay balanced, grounded, or inspired? (Any hobbies, interests, or people in your life who help you recharge and bring your best self to the ring?)

As far as me? I started out running track and cross country in school; I think that has helped me when gaiting dogs. I always had dogs as a youngster, from a Beagle to a German Shepherd Dog. When I was walking through a park one day with my partner, we spotted a Ridgeback and fell in love. Like Lays potato chips, we couldn’t stop at one and at one point we had six! I now have my one girl at home. I take her everywhere I can and she keeps me going. I have been showing Brando for three years now and he has been the No. 1 Ridgeback for each of those years. He is a blast to show and is the best I have had my hands on.

8. Lastly, tell us about your plans for the year ahead. Who will you be showing and what are your strategies for achieving your goals?

For the remainder of 2026, my top priority will be Brando, who is currently the No. 1 Rhodesian Ridgeback for the fourth consecutive year. The future beyond 2026 may hold another year with Brando. That hasn’t been finalized just yet, but if he retires from the campaign trail there are a number of nice-looking Ridgeback progeny that I may get my hands on in the ring. My “strategy” for reaching my goals is to continue to have fun in the ring until it isn’t fun anymore!

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MEET THE OWNER HANDLER: HEATHER BAKKO

1. How were you first introduced to the sport of purebred dogs? To your breed?

I was hiking Beacon Rock in the Pacific Northwest, along the Columbia River Gorge, when I encountered a woman hiking with her dog. Her name was Sarah, and she was raising and breeding these unique dogs called Pharaoh Hounds. I was instantly captivated by their beauty!

2. How many years in dogs? In your breed?

I’ve had the pleasure of owning Pharaoh Hounds since 2000. However, due to my career at the time, I couldn’t participate in dog shows. Throughout my life, I’ve had the privilege of having five beloved Pharaoh Hounds. My journey into dog shows began during an ice storm in Portland, Oregon. Twiggy’s handler was stuck in the ice, so I decided to show her myself. I made a placement, BOS, with her and I was hooked.

3. Do you attend show handling classes? Have you attended in-person handling seminars?

I started attending classes and immersing myself in the art of dog handling. I’ve worked diligently to improve my skills. I had discovered something I thoroughly enjoyed—it’s like having a fourlegged dance partner, and you perform together in the ring.

4. Have you found virtual learning tools to be helpful? Videos? Websites? Social Media? AKC Canine College?

Yes, I have found a few online presences that are very helpful. Sandy Weaver has a very informative segment online.

5. Do you compete in the National Owner-Handled Series? Are rankings important to you?

I compete in Owner-Handled, and yes, rankings matter! Initially, I entered the NOHS to gain practice. I eagerly anticipate qualifying for the NOHS Finals in Orlando each year. I believe the bond and teamwork between a dog and its handler are the most crucial aspects of this sport. A skilled judge can easily spot this connection.

6. In which class(es) are you most likely to enter your dog(s)?

I enter my dogs in Best of Breed and Brace, if offered. NOHS, of course!

7. Who have been your mentor(s) as an Owner Handler?

Ron Lukins strongly encouraged me to go forward with my handling. Abbey Moore and Todd Thornton have been very helpful and influential to me over the years.

8. What are the benefits of competing with your breed(s) as an Owner Handler?

The National Owner-Handled Series is a great way to gain practice and improve.

9. How are you encouraging new exhibitors to participate in the sport?

I wholeheartedly support new exhibitors to the sport. I attend their shows, cheer them on, and encourage them to reach their goals and achieve success if they put their minds to it.

10. Are there any suggestions you’d like to pass along about the presentation of your breed(s).

Pharaoh Hounds are a fun-loving breed. Letting them have some fun in the ring ensures their longevity in the sport.

11. What are your goals as an Owner Handler? Is there a victory that has eluded you?

My goals as an Owner handler are to continue to compete and present my dog in the best way possible, and to qualify for various shows.

12. Is there a funny story that you can share about your experiences as an Owner Handler?

I’ve had the unfortunate experience of showing to a particular judge more times than I care to count. Every time, I felt invisible. I eventually stopped showing to this judge. However, at a large show, this same judge was unexpectedly substituted for a judge I was eagerly anticipating. I was devastated by the change. Taking a deep breath, I decided to go into the ring anyway. To my surprise, I was awarded O-H First. To my even greater surprise, the judge was also judging Best in Show in the Owner-Handled category. I then won Best in Show! This experience taught me that dog shows are unpredictable, and you never know what surprises await you. I have had disappointments along the way. Everyone does. Dog shows, and putting yourself out there in this way, is not for the faint of heart. Every good and bad experience has been a paramount contribution to my overall positive experience.

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MEET THE BREEDER/OWNER HANDLER: PATTI LITCHFIELD

“Lexi,” GCH Paldachs Dancing In The Street FDC, is currently tied for 9th in Owner-Handled as of March 18, 2026.

1. How were you first introduced to the sport of purebred dogs? To your breed?

When I got my first Miniature Longhaired Dachshund back in 1991, my mentor, Alicia Rescek, encouraged me to start showing in AKC competition. In 2011, I was introduced to the Portuguese Podengo Pequeno by Stacy Faw and fell in love with them and had to get one, then another...

2. How many years in dogs? How many as an Owner Handler? As a Breeder?

I have been in dogs for 35 years; six years really competing as an Owner Handler. I’ve been a Breeder for 33 years.

3. Do you attend show handling classes? Have you attended in-person handling seminars?

I normally attend handling classes at Queen City Dog Training Club in Sharonville, Ohio. I have attended an in-person handling seminar, but it was quite a while ago. I would like to see more of those done.

4. Have you found virtual learning tools to be helpful? Videos? Websites? Social Media? AKC Canine College?

Yes, I look at different pages on social media in reference to the Portuguese Podengo Pequeno. People who have been in the breed for quite some time will post some valuable information on there. And, AKC Canine College is also a good place for information.

5. Do you compete in the National Owner-Handled Series? Are rankings important to you?

Yes, I do compete in NOHS, and rankings are important to me. There are a couple of things that are happening that I am not fond of in this group. First, if you win BOB you are marked as the Owner Handler, and you are the Owner Handler, so you should accept the OH ribbon—not tell them (the judge & steward) you are not the Owner Handler and pass it on to your buddy, so they can get the points. Second, if you are not competing for Owner-Handled rankings, don’t mark the book as Owner-Handled; most of these people never even stay for the Group.

6. How important is the Bred-By Class to you? How important are Specialties?

The Bred-By Class is very important—you can showcase your dogs that you have worked so hard for and also see what other breeders are doing. Specialties, again, are very important. They should be a learning experience for all who attend, ask questions, compare notes, examine dogs, and attend any education provided; there is always something to learn.

“Toby,” MBISS GCHG PALDACHS CRYSTAL BLUE PERSUASION W FDC FCAT CGC, was Owner-Handled No. 3 in 2021, No. 3 in 2022, No. 7 in 2023, No. 5 in 2024, and No. 5 in 2025.

7. Is it a challenge to compete with your breed as a Breeder/Owner Handler?

Yes, because the Hound Group is quite large.

8. Who have been your mentor(s) as an Owner Handler? As a Breeder?

I have mentored myself as an Owner Handler. Stacy & Susan Faw, Robin Kirtley, and a few others have mentored me as a Breeder.

9. How important is the Breeder/Owner Handler to the future of the sport? To your breed?

I think the Breeder/Owner Handler is very important; it gives the people who are not Professional Handlers a place to show in a Group setting and feel competitive. We are a small-entry breed, so it is very important for us to get our breed out there to be seen.

10. What advice would you give to Owner Handlers who are thinking of breeding their dog(s)?

Study the breed, ask questions of people who know the breed and have been in it for a while, go to the judges education, go to AKC and view all the information they have, go to dog shows, and learn as much as you can.

11. What are your goals as a Breeder/Owner Handler? Is there a victory that has eluded you?

I would like to stay in the Top 10 with whatever dog I am currently showing. From 2021 thru 2025, I was fortunate to have my male special in the Top 10. As for a victory that has eluded me, oh yes, I would love to win the National Owner-Handled Series Final that is held in Orlando in December.

12. Is there a funny story that you can share about your experiences as a Breeder/Owner Handler?

It was late in the day and Hounds were the last OH Group in. As I went around the ring, my thigh-high pantyhose proceeded to slide down… I had to finish with the dog lead in one hand while keeping the pantyhose up with the other.

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MEET THE JUNIOR HANDLER: SAWYER JOHNSON

1. Where do you live? Where do you go to school?

I live in Lubbock, Texas, and am in the eighth grade at my local junior high school.

2. Do you have any hobbies or interests apart from purebred dogs? Do you have a job?

I’m not old enough for a real job yet, but I do have many interests. I play the clarinet and run cross country and track through my school. I’ve recently joined the National Junior Honor Society.

3. Have you grown up in a doggy family? What is your breed(s)?

I have! I am a third-generation dog fancier. I have grown up with Australian Shepherds. My grandparents and my mom raced sled dogs, and my grandma even did Obedience with her Siberian Huskies. In 1992, my mom and grandma started showing Australian Shepherds and formed our kennel, Rainyday.

4. How were you introduced to Junior Showmanship? When did you start competing?

I was introduced to Junior Showmanship, and the dog world, by my parents. I started showing in Pee Wees with my breed club when I was three. I then started Juniors in AKC as soon as I could. Once I turned eleven, I started competing in Rally. Shortly after I turned twelve, I started Obedience. Now, at thirteen, I am starting Agility. I am also looking forward to starting Herding.

5. What do you remember about the first time you showed as a Junior?

I do not remember my first time in Juniors, but when I wanted to try Rally, all of our dogs were either puppies or already had titles at the Excellent level or beyond. I chose to just start in Excellent. I showed our sweet girl Zumba (Rainyday’s Shut Up And Dance CD BN RAE NAJ NF CGC). My first Rally title was the RAE (requires 10 Double Q - in Advanced and Excellent. After that, Zumba was ready to retire, so I took over showing Frankie (Rainyday’s My Eyes Adored You CD BN RM4 RAE4 RC3 PT NF CGC TKN). I got my first Master title before I ever competed in Novice!

6. How do you prepare your dog and yourself for the ring? Any rituals? Any good luck charms?

Being prepared, for me, is quite simple. I really just get my dog and a couple high-value treats out. However, a few of our younger dogs do need more time out so that they can calm down from being so excited. I try to establish connection, so they will focus in the ring. For Conformation, I do any last-minute grooming, mainly brushing the hocks and smoothing the topline.

7. What’s it like in the ring when the pressure is on? Do you have a secret for handling the nerves?

I don’t let myself think about the situation. I just stay in the moment and go show. I focus on my handling. I normally have one little detail I want to work on, such as looking at the judge more often or baiting lower. If it’s Rally, I focus on the exercise in front of me.

8. Do you have a mentor in the sport? Have you assisted any Professional Handlers?

My Rally and Obedience mentors are members of my local Obedience club, SPOTC, Cathy Smith and Ashlynn Daniel. They have helped me a great deal in Obedience. We’ve recently started working on the dumbbell and I can’t wait to get more into upper level Obedience. Other than them, my parents help me with Juniors, Rally, Agility, and a little bit of Obedience. At the most recent National Specialty, a family friend and longtime Aussie person, Tim Preston, took the time to chat with me and work on offering me grooming advice, which I needed. There have been so many people who have offered me advice over the years; I have been quite fortunate.

9. Are there any wins for which you are particularly proud? Any memorable losses?

Recently, at our USASA National Specialty, I was High Scoring Rally Junior both days. I also got a perfect score of 100 in the Master class. I thought that was going to be my most exciting experience this year, but this past weekend, Lucy (RACH GCH CH Rainyday’s Timeless CD RM4 RAE3 RC4 PT CGC TKN) and I won Rally High Scoring Triple and High Combined two of the three days. I have only been showing Lucy in the upper level classes for a few months (I had to steal her from my dad). I have been working to get consistent high scores, and on this weekend, I feel my handling was sharp. I also had major ring conflicts each day. As Rally was in one building and Conformation/Juniors was in another, this was quite a disaster and I had several times where I had to run from one building to the other and go straight in the ring. My most memorable loss was at our National Specialty a few years ago. My regular Junior’s dog woke up limping in the morning and I needed to borrow a dog five minutes before I was due in the ring! I had to quickly learn how to handle the new dog and how to present him to look his best. While we did not place, I was really proud that I was able to adjust at the last minute!

10. How do you accentuate your dog’s breed type in the ring? How do you try to stand out?

With Aussies being a movement breed, I make sure to find the right speed in the go-around and down-and-back to display the dog’s structure. In the Rally ring, I try to walk briskly, to keep the dog with me, but to be faster so that I can place easier. I also try to dress nicely, although I am often stuck in my Conformation show clothes.

11. Is your breed generally well-suited for a Junior Showmanship career?

Yes. Aussies are energetic and fun, and no two look alike. However, it is a little concerning to see how many there are in the ring these days. Popularity is not always a good thing for a breed.

12. Are there any breeds that you would like to show but haven’t shown yet?

Currently, I want to stick to Aussies. Maybe in the future I will try branching off to more breeds. I might try another Herding breed because of how much more familiar I am with them compared to other Groups.

13. What can be done to encourage more young people to participate in Junior Showmanship?

Most kids in Junior Showmanship have either a family, friend, or mentor who shows, which allows them to just ride along to go to the shows. But lots of kids do not, and most local clubs only have one or two shows a year, which makes it very difficult if you cannot travel often. Therefore, maybe people could help their local clubs put on more shows so that local people or Juniors do not have to travel multiple hours just to get to one show.

14. Have you bred or co-bred a litter? If so, can you share what you’ve learned from the experience?

So far, I have co-bred two litters. I have learned a lot. It has really caused me to realize how much work puppies are. I have also been learning to help my mom look at stud dogs. One of my favorite things about raising puppies is watching how the puppies grow. I like seeing how their features quickly change. Although it is sad when the puppies go to their forever homes, I do like getting updates from their people.

15. Is breeding something that you’d like to pursue? Is breed preservation important to you?

Looking a few years into the future, I definitely want to pursue breeding. I have already co-bred two litters, and my mom has bred for years and years. We don’t have litters very often, but I help as much as I can when we do. I help teach the puppies the basic culture. For example, they get new toys with different textures every day, they try out the wobble board, and they get to explore the different rooms in our house. I would very much like to help preserve the breed, and keep it in good shape. I want to always make sure my dogs have proper health testing, are sound in body and mind, and that my puppies are going to the right homes.

16. What are your goals for the future? Do you see yourself continuing in the sport once you’ve aged-out?

I do plan to continue all of my current sports and maybe even more. The thing is, in the Performance sports, there are not that many Juniors at shows. This makes it so that I am already accustomed to showing against mostly adults. Although recently, I have seen a couple more Juniors in the Performance sports than usual.

17. Can you share a word or two about your relationship with your current dog? What does s/he mean to you?

I’ve recently started working with Rosie (Rainyday’s Riveted By Rosie RN CGC TKN) in Juniors and in Rally. I’ve personally done all of her training, and am very proud because I am also her co-breeder. So far, she has earned her RN, has points, and has helped me win several RBJH. We also earned our CGC and TKN at our National, and we tried Fast CAT for the first time and earned a leg on her BCAT. Rosie is super energetic, loves to please, and always wants to work. She absolutely loves to play with rope toys, and she is always asking to do something with me. Her default offering is a down, and she folds back into her down whenever she is trying to get my attention or wants to practice. While it is super cute, we are trying to work away from it after she started offering it in the Junior ring!

18. Is there a funny story that you can share about your experiences as a Junior Handler?

When I was still a Pee Wee, I showed a retired special named Arden. She was a great starter dog for me. When I couldn’t run in a straight line, she would yank me back onto a straight path for my down-and-back. She was “all business” and showed me where I needed to be!

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MEET THE SHOW CHAIR: COURTNEY HERZING

1. What is the name of your show/cluster?

Our show is the Butler County Kennel Club Autumn Classic All-Breed Dog Show.

2. Where are your show(s)/cluster held? When?

The shows are held this year on Saturday, September 19 and Sunday, September 20, 2026 at the Big Butler Fairgrounds & Agricultural Association, 1127 New Castle Road, Prospect, Pennsylvania 16052.

3. How long have you been Show/Cluster Chair?

I have been Show Chair for three years.

4. Can you please provide a brief history of your club?

The Butler County Kennel Club has been a cornerstone of the purebred dog community in Western Pennsylvania since its founding in 1939. The club held its first all-breed dog show on August 12, 1939 at Alameda Park near Butler, drawing 356 entries from 43 breeds. Officially incorporated in 1946 and recognized as an AKC member club in 1949, the organization has spent decades promoting responsible dog ownership, ethical breeding practices, and participation in dog sports. Through the dedication of the members and leaders, the club expanded its events over the years, adding trials and health clinics in addition to the all-breed shows. In 2009, the Butler County Kennel Club launched its own Butler Autumn Classic, now a popular annual event. Today, the club continues its tradition of education, competition, and service to the dog community while preserving a rich history that spans more than eight decades.

5. How are the following accommodated at your show(s)/ cluster: Parking; Grooming; Bathing, Hospitality; Vendors; Public Education?

We strive to provide a comfortable and exhibitor-friendly experience for all participants. Ample parking is available at the showgrounds, including full-hookup RV camping sites with electric and water for exhibitors traveling with recreational vehicles. Designated grooming areas are provided under the grandstand to accommodate exhibitors and their dogs, and bathing tubs are ready for use on site. Hospitality services are offered throughout the event, including refreshments on Saturday during Groups for exhibitors, and a buffet-style lunch for the judges, personnel, and volunteers. A local food truck is set up all weekend for anyone looking to purchase chicken tenders, corn dogs, french fries, salads, fajitas and wraps, and much more. A variety of vendors are always present, offering dog-related products, supplies, and services. We are committed to public education by welcoming spectators, providing opportunities to learn about purebred dogs and responsible dog ownership, and promoting the sport of purebred dogs through interaction with exhibitors and providing educational materials.

6. Does your show/cluster offer the National Owner-Handled Series? Junior Showmanship? 4-6 Month Beginner Puppy? Best Bred-By? Specialties? Supported Entries?

Yes, Butler County Kennel Club offers all of the following: AKC National Owner-Handled Series, Junior Showmanship, Four-to- Six Month Beginner Puppy Competition, Veteran Classes, Divided Bred-by Exhibitor Classes, AKC Miscellaneous & FSS Open Shows, Specialties, and Supported Entries.

7. What about Companion and Performance Events? Obedience? Rally? Agility? Fast CAT? Dock Diving? Other?

This year, we are proud to offer AKC Coursing Ability Trials (CABT) as part of our annual event lineup. The Greater Pittsburgh Dalmatian Club will be hosting two trials each day for a total of four trials over the weekend. The CABT is a pass/fail event designed to evaluate a dog’s natural instinct to chase a lure. Our venue is fully fenced in, so independent dogs can run safely and efficiently. The event is open to all eligible dogs 12 months of age or older. Entries are limited to 60 runs per event—sign up today! For more information, please visit: www.thegpdc.com.

8. How are judging panels determined?

When hiring judges, my goal is to provide exhibitors with a knowledgeable, diverse, and respected panel of AKC-approved judges. Consideration is given to judges’ breed expertise, experience, availability, geographic diversity, exhibitor appeal, and overall balance of the panel. I ensure that approved judges strive to offer exhibitors a fair and positive judging experience. My judging selections are typically planned 2-3 years in advance in order to secure qualified individuals while maintaining the high standards expected at Conformation shows.

9. Who stewards at your show(s)/cluster?

We have a partnership with Patricia Flanagan and Sarah Stevenson of the Ohio Stewards Club. They utilize experienced, knowledgeable stewards to ensure efficient operations happen in each ring. They maintain a high standard of ring management, support judges and exhibitors, and provide a positive and well-organized show experience for all participants.

10. Does your club have an active membership? How are you seeking new members?

We maintain an active and engaged membership that supports our mission through participation in club meetings, event planning at picnics, and hosting an annual Christmas dinner as a special thank you to members who give their time and hard work at the shows. We are always actively recruiting new club members through outreach at club-sponsored events, dog shows, educational programs, handling classes, and community activities.

We are always actively recruiting new club members through outreach at club-sponsored events, dog shows, educational programs, handling classes, and community activities.

11. How are your show(s)/cluster promoted? TV? Radio? Print? Social Media?

We promote our show through a variety of outreach efforts, including social media platforms, radio advertising, outdoor advertising, and a partnership with the Chamber of Commerce. We encourage word-of-mouth from our members, exhibitors, and supporters to share information and boost attendance. We always love seeing new faces.

12. What are some of the challenges you’ve faced as Show/Cluster Chair? What are your greatest successes?

Some of my biggest personal challenges are coordinating the limited number of volunteers available during show weekends and ensuring that all aspects of the event are completed. I understand a lot of clubs are faced with this same issue; however, I am thankful for the group that I have. Preparing the grounds is especially important, as we hold our shows shortly after the fair has taken place. We work with the groundskeeper to make sure the show site is safe, including checking for and repairing any ruts or uneven areas that could cause injuries to dogs, exhibitors, judges, etc. Another challenge is the careful scheduling of judges to ensure the panel meets the needs of the show while also accommodating each judge’s provisions, requests, and requirements. Despite these challenges, we’ve dedicated a well-organized and enjoyable experience for everyone attending our shows.

One of my greatest successes has been relocating our shows from the Lawrence County Fairgrounds to the Big Butler Fair. After learning that we would not be welcomed back at our previous location, I had only six months to find a new site that would meet the needs of our exhibitors, dogs, and club. We previously held shows at the Big Butler Fair, but we left years ago due to concerns with the conditions at that time. I decided to revisit the location and was impressed with the improvements that had been made to the grounds. I reached out to the fair board and found them extremely welcoming and supportive of bringing our shows back. The transition has been a tremendous success. We have received many compliments from exhibitors who were excited to return to the site and experience the improvements. The move helped increase our visibility, with growth in both our social media following and interest from potential new exhibitors.

Outside of the show ring, I work in advertising sales for Seven Mountains Media. At home in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, my life revolves around my Siberian Huskies. My kennel, Shamokin Siberians, sits on five acres atop a countryside hill, where my dogs and I spend our time exploring off-grid trails, taking golf cart rides, dashing through the snow, and relaxing together after a long day. The bond I share with my dogs is the foundation of everything I do. They are my constant companions, my motivation, and my greatest joy. Simply put, my Siberians are my life, and I am theirs.

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THE TOY GROUP

TINY PAWS , GIANT HEARTS: UNCOVERING AND UNDERSTANDING THE MAGIC OF THE TOY BREEDS

BY SHARON MASNICK

Photos provided by author, unless noted otherwise.

The Toy Group is incredibly diverse, as the Toy Breeds originated from vastly different working backgrounds, but they were all bred to be human companions. Many of the breeds are scaled-down versions of larger working, hunting, or guarding dogs. We have breeds like the Toy Fox Terrier that retain the sharp prey drive of their larger terrier ancestors, so they are the hunters. We have the tracker in the Italian Greyhound as they act like a miniature sighthound, built for speed. The aristocrats are the breeds like the Pekingese and Japanese Chin.

The one trait that all Toy dogs share is the deep love for their owners, but the way they express this love varies. Some are gentle, cuddly, and very laid-back, and others are fearless and stand their ground.

Within the Toy Group, there is found almost every coat type, such as hairless, short coats, long silky hair, and double coats with dense, soft undercoats and harsh outer coats.

So, Toy breeds may be diverse, and diminutive, but they certainly do not lack spirit, and their versatility allows them to be adaptable to a wide range of lifestyles. They are smart, full of energy, and eager to please. Let us review each Breed in this powerful Group.

The one trait that all Toy dogs share is the deep love for their owners, but the way they express this love varies.”

Affenpinscher photo courtesy of Doyle Girouard

The Affenpinscher is a balanced, sturdy, and square-appearing terrier-like Toy dog. The following priorities of type should be considered when judging the breed:

Monkey-like expression
Square and sturdy appearance
Comical and inquisitive attitude
Harsh coat
Hind legs set well under the body
Sound gait

Their comic and loving qualities make Affens a loveable companion as well as a small watch dog and a great show dog.

Biewer Terrier photo by Deana Fleenor

The Biewer Terrier originated in Germany and is a happy-go-lucky, elegant, and tri-colored breed. They weigh 4 to 8 pounds and stand from 7 to 11 inches tall. They are known for a long, silky, and soft coat with a signature ponytail tied atop their head. They move with confidence and in a straightforward manner, and their fun-loving attitude enhances their charming temperament.

Brussels Griffon photo courtesy of Beverly Strange

The Brussels Griffon is a double-tracking Toy dog that should appear square and cobby, and the head is the essence of breed type. Evaluate the head as a whole unit. When judging, look for large eyes, a rounded topskull, a domed forehead, and a wide, turned-up jaw. A thumb exam is used to check the undershot bite. They have two types of coat. The Rough coat is wiry and dense. The Smooth coat is straight, tight, and glossy. The two varieties are the same except for coat. When moving, observe the trot to be a moderate reach and drive, maintaining a steady topline.

Chihuahua photo courtesy of Kyle Potts

The small size, loyalty, alertness, and sauciness make the Chihuahua a great choice as a companion or a show dog. The Chihuahua is shown in two varieties, the Smooth Coat and Long Coat, and the two varieties are based solely on coat, as everything else is the same under the coats. When judging the Chihuahua, emphasis should be placed on the total dog. When examining the Chihuahua on the table, be sure to approach in a straightforward manner without quick movement. When observing on the go-around, look for a well-balanced dog, not over six pounds, that exhibits a level topline and a head held high, and moving with a firm reach and drive.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel photo by Paula Ayers

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel should appear as a wellbalanced, graceful, and elegant toy spaniel. Look for an unsculpted silky coat, a constantly wagging tail, and a sweet, melting expression. The head and expression are a hallmark of the breed. The skull should be almost flat with a shallow stop. The eyes are large, round, dark brown, and well set apart and accompanied by cushioning under the eyes. The temperament is gay, affectionate, fearless, and joyful. The movement is free and elegant, and exhibits good reach in the front and strong drive from the rear.

Chinese Crested photo by Tom Weigand

The Chinese Crested is an elegant, fine-boned, graceful, and rectangular Toy dog. They come in two varieties, either the Hairless or the Powderpuff coats. When examining, look for almond eyes, a wedgeshaped head, large and erect ears, and a scissors bite. The tail is a breed characteristic, so it should be slender and long enough to reach the hock, and when in motion, the tail should be carried gaily and slightly forward. Always use a gentle approach.

English Toy Spaniel photo courtesy of Meghann Terrien and Cate Auerswald

As you observe a class of Havanese entering the ring, notice the elements of breed type that set them apart from other breeds. The topline is straight but not level, as the topline rises slightly from the withers to the rump. A correct outline reveals a slightly longer than tall outline, with high head carriage and a tail arched over the back. Gait shows a springy and elegant movement with moderate reach and drive. The coat is soft, silky, wavy, and abundant. Temperament is displayed by a playful, sweet, and non-quarrelsome attitude. These elements immediately identify the Havanese.

Havanese photo by Dart Dog

The beginning of the Standard lists the important characteristics of the English Toy Spaniel and they are exemplified by the head. The head is to be large, round, and domed, and it is the defining feature. The eyes are dark and round, and are in line with the nose. Cushioning under the eyes enhances a soft expression. A square muzzle with a turned-up jaw enhances an intelligent expression. Ears are low set and are feathered heavily. The English Toy Spaniel is essentially a square dog with good reach and drive, and length of stride. They weigh around 8 to 14 pounds and stand 9 to 11 inches tall. The coat comes in four distinct colors: Blenheim, King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby. They are bright, loving, and intelligent, allowing them to be a devoted companion.

Italian Greyhound photo courtesy of Daniel Stutzman and Dana Cline

The Italian Greyhound is a Toy dog and they are also a small hound. They have several characteristics to consider when judging. Firstly, they should display ideal elegance and grace. The neck is arched, long, and slender. The head is narrow with a long and fine muzzle. The eyes are dark, and in size are medium. Ears are small and fine. This is a silhouette breed with the signature “S” curves. To describe the upper “S” curve, the curve begins with a slender, gracefully arched neck that extends smoothly into the withers which act as the highest point of the topline. From the withers, the back is straight and level before it forms a gentle, upward arch over the loin. At the croup, this arch then droops and slopes downward into the hindquarters. The lower “S” curve starts with a deep and narrow chest dropping to the level of the elbows. This forms the upper part of the inverted curve. The line then rises sharply toward the rear, creating the defined tuck-up at the flanks. These lines give the Italian Greyhound balance and elegance. Movement is described as highstepping and free, with the front and hind legs moving forward in a straight line.

Japanese Chin photo by Scott Toney

It is believed that the Japanese Chin originated in China and was later gifted to Japanese nobility. They are small, lively, and balanced, with an Oriental expression. The outline presents a square appearance. Their coat is soft, silky, straight, and abundant, with a plumed tail carried over the back that curves to either side of the back. Movement is described as lively and stylish, moving straight with front and rear legs following in the same plane. The Oriental expression is characterized by the large, broad head, short muzzle, large wide-set eyes, and the ear feathering. The eyes are round and large, and a small amount of white showing in the inner corners gives the dog a look of astonishment. The jaw is wide and the bite is slightly undershot. Completing the look, they have a short, broad muzzle, deep stop, and a short nose. The skull is large, broad, and slightly rounded between the ears which are V-shaped and hanging. Japanese Chin are stylish and lively in movement.

Maltese photo by Derek Glas

Observing a Maltese involves evaluating specific traits like the single, silky, pure white coat, the correct smooth and flowing gait, and drop ears set rather low. The breed’s compact body presents a square appearance with a level topline. The head features a black nose, scissors bite, and dark, round eyes. The dark eye rims frame the gentle expression. The chest is deep, elbows are close to the body, and the loins are strong and slightly tucked up. Even with the diminutive size, Maltese are fearless, playful, vigorous, and very appealing. Maltese are one of the oldest breeds, and the breed is historically tied to the island of Malta.

Toy Manchester Terrier photo courtesy of Renae Blankenship

When judging a Toy Manchester Terrier, focus on a compact, rectangular, and muscular dog with an alert expression. An adult should not exceed 12 pounds. It should have upright ears and a jet-black and rich mahogany tan coat, and move in a straight, free-flowing trot with good reach and drive. Always make the table exam brief, as prolonged handling can cause stress. The breed is an ideal candidate for several dog activities such as Barn Hunt, Tracking, Rally, Agility, and Flyball as well as Conformation.

Miniature Pinscher photo by Cherie McDaniel

Judging the Miniature Pinscher includes evaluating the breed’s square proportions, hackney-like gait, and spirited temperament. However, remember to judge the overall package. Check for a head in proportion to the body, erect high-set ears, a scissors bite, oval-shaped eyes, a slightly arched neck, small feet, and clean, sloping shoulders with elbows close to the body. They are known for their hackney-like gait, which is best observed while they are moving around the ring. The front legs move straight forward with the wrists noticeably bending as each foot lifts. The rear should drive smoothly. While moving, the head and tail are carried high. Remember to keep the table exam brief.

Papillon photo by RC Photos

The evaluation of the Papillon should be based on a level topline, graceful movement, size, and the butterfly ears. The body should be slightly longer than tall, with an elegant and fine-boned look. Ears being the hallmark of the breed should be large, rounded at the tips, and set on the side of the head at a 45-degree angle. The coat is particolored or white with patches of any color(s). The color(s) other than white must cover both ears, back and front, and extend over both eyes. A white blaze is preferred to highlight the butterfly pattern. Movement should be easy, graceful, and free. Papillons are friendly, happy, and alert.

Pekingese photo by Susan Shephard

Although a Toy dog, a Pekingese should feel dense and solid; a pear-shaped outline with a heavy and wide front tapering to a narrower rear. The elbows are close to the body and the front feet are slightly turned out. The head should be massive, rectangular, and framed by thick ear fringes. The muzzle is flat, broad, and well-filled below the eyes. The nose is broad, black, and short, and the stop is obscured by the over-nose wrinkle. A thumb exam is used to check the undershot bite. The skull is wider than deep, which adds to the desired rectangular, envelope-shaped appearance of the head. The topline should be flat and completely level. To correctly lift a Pekingese during the table exam, place one hand under the broad chest between the front legs and slide your other hand beneath the body in front of the hindquarters. Gently lift together, being sure to support the dog’s heavy front. The gait is free and strong with a slight roll over the shoulders. This motion should be free of bouncing. The rolling gait results from bowed forelegs, laid-back shoulders, a broad chest, and a narrow, light rear.

Pomeranian photo courtesy of Curtis Smith

The Pomeranian should be compact, square, and fit into an imaginary circle. They should be alert, lively, and carry themselves proudly with a high head carriage. Their coat should be double with a soft, dense undercoat and an outercoat that is long and straight with a harsh texture. Trimming for neatness is allowed. The plumed tail is to be carried flat and straight over the back. The breed’s movement has good reach and drive, displaying ground-covering movement that should never be viewed as busy or ineffective. Gait is free, smooth, and brisk. Recently, the Pomeranian breed was recognized at the World Dog Show in Italy. Congratulations to owners Marina Persic and Jung MinSoo on Ch. Artistry’s All That Is Good being awarded Reserve Best in Show. What a remarkable achievement!

Toy Poodle photo by Vicky Holloway

The Toy Poodle is judged by the same Standard as the Miniature and Standard Poodles except that the Toy Poodle must be 10 inches or under. Check for a square breed with a high head carriage, level topline, high tail set, and a smooth, straightforward trot. Toy Poodles are intelligent, loving, and athletic companions in a tiny frame.

Pug photo courtesy of Phil Fisher

When you see a Pug, remember the phrase “Multum in Parvo”—a lot of dog in a small space. Look for a large, round head, square body, and a high-set, tightly curled tail. To evaluate the head, cup your fingers behind the ears, feel the wrinkles on the head, slide your hand down the side of the head to feel the width of the jaw, and finish the exam by using your thumb to check the slightly undershot bite. Pugs have a sound, double-tracking movement. The front and the rear should be doing the same thing. When moving away, you should only see the rear legs, and when coming toward you, only the front legs should be seen. The gait should be free and jaunty.

Russian Toy photo courtesy of Jolanta Terrell

The Russian Toy is a small, active, cheerful, and lively dog, displaying long legs, fine bones, and lean muscles. There are two types: longcoated and smooth-coated. The head is small compared to the body, with a distinct stop and a wedge shape. Ears are large, high set, and erect. Eyes are large, dark, and set wide apart. When judging, evaluate the overall balance and a square and elegant silhouette along with their cheerful temperament.

Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka photo courtesy of Elizabeth Melzer

We welcome the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka as the newest Toy Breed to be added to the Toy Group. This breed is a small, sturdy companion, slightly longer than tall, and known for a naturally curly, wavy coat that appears disheveled. A mustache and beard are breed characteristics that must be visible. The tail is covered by coat, and is medium in length and curls over the back. Bolonki are allowed to come in all colors, except spotted, parti-color, merle, or solid white. The movement is flowing, with good reach and drive.

Shih Tzu photo courtesy of Michelle Miller Jones

Essential characteristics and breed type of a Shih Tzu include a large, round head, a rectangular body, a smooth, effortless, and flowing gait, and a long, dense, silky double coat. When moving, the head is held high and appears arrogant. Shih Tzu are happy, outgoing and trusting, and friendly to all people.

Silky Terrier photo by Tom Weigand

When judging the Silky Terrier, check for a low-set body, slightly longer than tall proportions with substance to suggest the ability to hunt. The coat is silky in texture, parted from the stop to the tail. The head is wedge-shaped, with small, dark eyes and ears that are V-shaped, set high, and carried erect. Teeth are strong with a scissors bite. The gait is free, lively, and straightforward. Silkies have the keen air of a terrier.

Toy Fox Terrier photo courtesy of Ashley Wilkerson

The Toy Fox Terrier is truly a Terrier and a Toy! Terrier traits are their keen intelligence, strength, animation, and courage, and yet they have the diminutiveness of a Toy dog. The TFT is square, eyes are dark, ears are high and close, the topline is level, and the gait is smooth and flowing. The TFT is a highly animated Toy dog that is entertaining and playful throughout his life.

Yorkshire Terrier photo courtesy of Matina Johnson

Judge the Yorkshire Terrier based on a Standard that emphasizes a square build and a level back and topline. The coat is important and must be straight and silky in texture. The body color should be a lustrous steel blue. The head fall is a rich golden tan, which is deeper in color at the sides of the head, at the ear root, and on the muzzle. The head is small, the nose is black, the eyes are medium-sized, and the ears are small and V-shaped. The gait is smooth and straight, and Yorkies maintain a level topline when moving. They are confident and give the appearance of selfimportance and vigor.

At the end of the day, it is easy to see that Toy dogs may be short in stature but they are not short on personality. While their physical differences are vast, they all share one common thread: a fierce dedication to their humans. If you are looking for a best friend, a pocket-sized protector, or a lap warmer, the Toy Group has a perfect companion or show dog for you!

I hope this brief review of each of the breeds in the Toy Group will be helpful. But, as always, refer to the Breed Standards to complete your understanding of each breed.

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Meet the Affenpinscher

A WIRY-HAIRED, TERRIER-LIKE TOY DOG

“Grant” BIS RBIS BISS GCH Ferlin Gizmo’s Worth An Affair To Remember

With a scruffy beard and a monkey-like expression, the Affenpinscher is a tiny Toy with a big personality. Originally bred in Germany to catch rats, this “monkey terrier” is spunky, curious, and full of charm. They are confident and amusing dogs that take themselves seriously, even when they’re being hilariously silly. Their wiry coat adds to their signature look, and their loyalty makes them entertaining yet devoted companions.

Inviting an Affenpinscher into your home is akin to inviting a willful, intelligent being from another planet to take up permanent residence within your walls, and within your heart. The “Affen” makes his or her needs known from the very beginning of your relationship. You’d better catch on quickly that the Affenpinscher is more humanoid, with more personality, than one would imagine possible from a monkey-like creature that weighs less than ten pounds. Having had the good fortune to own wonderful dogs of all sizes and breeds, I learned within a few days of getting my Chloe that you don’t own an Affenpinscher, he or she owns you. You either relinquish your alpha position for the joy of seeing the pleasure it gives the Affenpinscher to feel in charge, or you resign yourself to a lifetime of power struggles. Regardless of your decision, the Affen will take complete control.

If the Affenpinscher is an only dog, he or she may not want to see you petting or even talking to another dog. The Affen may demonstrate jealousy by barking or turning his or her head so that the disloyalty isn’t observed. That’s what Chloe does, knowing full well I will follow up any perceived betrayal with a reminder that she is much cuter than that little puppy or much more beautiful than the perfectly groomed dog we just passed. She knows she is the best and only dog I love. She eventually forgives me.

“An Affenpinscher in Your Home? Get Ready!” by Linda Pollack SHOWSIGHT January 2021

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Affenpinscher.

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Meet the Biewer Terrier

AN ELEGANT, LONGHAIRED, TRI-COLORED TOY TERRIER

“Gift” - GCH BCH Advance Gift Snow Avalanche

Pronounced “beaver,” this elegant and whimsical little character is a true charmer with a long, flowing, tri-colored coat and a happy-go-lucky spirit. Developed in Germany from Yorkshire Terriers with a distinct piebald gene, the Biewer is recognized by the AKC as a separate Breed. Whimsical, intelligent, and devoted, they are ideal for families looking for a playful yet elegant companion.

It is with great excitement that the Biewer Terrier joined the AKC fully-recognized breeds on January 01, 2021. It is incredible that this beautiful little dog, which was relatively unknown just a few years back, is now featured in movies, television, magazines, and product ads

The Biewer Terrier is an elegant, longhaired, uniquely colored Toy Terrier with a breed signature ponytail. The coat parts down the middle, hanging straight and evenly on both sides of the body as though a comb has been used to part it… The hair cannot be teased to make a big poof on the forehead when making a ponytail. The ponytail must be on top of the head, not in the middle of the forehead. A puppy may have the pony tail a little lower on the head to gather the hairs. This ponytail is long enough so that it should be on top of the head, not down on the forehead… The accepted colors for the head are listed in the Breed Standard. Black and white is not an accepted head coloring.

Fortunately for the breed, the parent club, Biewer Terrier Club of America, has developed a very thorough and comprehensive Judges Education Program. With perseverance, we hope to get the breed off to a good start in the show ring and, hopefully, avoid any future conflicts on how to judge and show our breed.

“How to Judge the Biewer Terrier” by Biewer Terrier Club of America JEC SHOWSIGHT January 2021

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Biewer Terrier.

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Meet the Brussels Griffon

A TOY DOG FULL OF SELF-IMPORTANCE

“Shots” GCHS Bobcat Party Like A Rockstar

Small in size but brimming with attitude, the Brussels Griffon is a (frequently) bearded little dog with an almost human expression. This Belgian native was bred for rodent control and companionship, and today they’re known for their sensitivity and loyalty. They are alert and curious, with a hint of self-importance. Whether smooth or rough-coated, they are comical, affectionate, and happiest when they’re glued to your side.

Historically speaking, the Griffon is not an ancient breed. While owners of some breeds will argue that their breed is the one that Noah chose to board the Ark, Griffon fanciers generally take pride that their breed is completely man-made and highly caricaturized.

Though the term “griffon” has been widely used among canine enthusiasts since the 1500s, we do not find Brussels Griffon, or more correctly, Griffon Bruxellois, brought into descriptive terminology until the late 1870s in Europe. Some Dutch breeders have been working at recreating the Smoushund since the 1990s by using street dogs and farm dogs that have a terrier look about them. These recent breedings have failed to produce a consistency in size and color that the old photographs show.

The Pug breed also figures into the mix of the creation of the Brussels Griffon. The first recorded cross with the Pug came about in 1884 and was a pedigreed black bitch named Mep. Several other recorded Pug crosses occurred between the mid-1880s and 1926, and were registered with the Societe Royale de St. Hubert in Belgium. Many of these progenitor stock dogs are listed as Griffon de Ecurie on their pedigrees, but upon recognition of the breed by kennel club authorities, they became known as Griffon Bruxellois, Griffon Belge, or Petit Brabancon.

“History of the Brussels Griffon” by Jeffrey Bazell SHOWSIGHT December 2017

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Brussels Griffon.

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Meet the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

GENTLE AND AFFECTIONATE, FEARLESS AND SPORTING IN CHARACTER

With large, soulful eyes and a silky, feathered coat, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a Toy breed that retains its sporting spaniel instincts. The AKC Breed Standard highlights their gentle nature, adaptability, and eager-to-please personality. Equally happy curled on your lap or chasing a squirrel, Cavaliers make affectionate family dogs that thrive on companionship—and don’t like being left behind.

No other breed of purebred dog has evolved amidst more drama than the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Small in size, gentle in nature, with a most sweet and appealing expression, toy spaniels were not uncommon in European court society in the 15th century. In 1486, Dame Juliana Berners wrote a monograph called Te Boke of St. Albans where she included in a list of dog breeds “small ladyes puppees that beare awaye the fees…” The palace physician to Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603) called these small Spaniels “delicate, neat, and pretty kind of dogs, called the Spaniel comforter… These dogs are… pretty, proper, and fine, and sought for to satisfy the delicateness of dainty dames.” (De Canibus Britannicus, 1570).

Queen Victoria had a cherished pet tricolor named Dash who was with her at her coronation in 1838. After 1840, despite Queen Victoria’s love of the breed, the Cavalier type of toy spaniel began to fall out of favor in Britain. It was supplanted by a shorter-muzzled, domed-headed variation with low-set ears, antithetical to the longer-muzzled, flatter-skulled Cavalier… The fortunes of the Cavalier and the King Charles Spaniels share much early history, and even in the nineteenth century both types were bred together. Four colors evolved—the red and white Blenheims, Tricolors, Black & Tans, and solid red Rubys.

“Behold! The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel” by Stephanie Abraham SHOWSIGHT July 2013

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

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Meet the Chihuahua

“TERRIER-LIKE” ATTITUDE OF SELF-IMPORTANCE, CONFIDENCE, SELF-RELIANCE

Tiny but fearless, the Chihuahua is the smallest AKC breed—but has no idea. With a domed apple head, perky ears, and an outsized personality, the Chihuahua hails from Mexico and was bred as a cherished companion. This small but mighty breed is charming, graceful, and saucy. Whether short- or long-coated, this breed bonds tightly to its humans and is always ready to make a big statement in a little package.

The Chihuahua spirit is loyal, eager to please, and always ready to sit on your lap and listen to whatever you have to tell them. Their sensitivity and empathy with their humans make the bond unimaginable. Yes, really! They possess a sense of humor that cannot be denied and will keep you laughing even on your most vulnerable days. They feel it is their job to console you when you are sad or cheer you up when they think you need that. Whatever you need, they will uncannily provide it to you. They will be sweet or macho, energetic or lazy, protector or comforter; you name it, they will try to provide.

Just know that these little dogs do not realize how small they are. They will need to be protected from themselves due to that air of superiority they possess. They think they are as big as the biggest dogs and just as brave. They will protect you with their life. Loyalty is their middle name.

“The Spirit of the Chihuahua” by Virginia (Jenny) Hauber SHOWSIGHT September 2023

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Chihuahua.

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Meet the Chinese Crested

FINE-BONED, ELEGANT, AND GRACEFUL

“Gigi” GCHB Candela Myangel Glitz & Glamour

Hairless or powderpuff, the Chinese Crested is one of the most unique-looking Toy breeds, with either silky tufts or a full flowing coat. Known for their elegance, expressiveness, and quirky charm, Cresteds thrive on attention and affection. These lively, alert, and affectionate dogs are devoted companions and adore being close to their people. They do best, however, in homes where they won’t be left alone too often.

Movement has improved tremendously since the breed entered the AKC ring. You rarely see a Crested with hackney movement. Not all have great reach and drive, but most trot efficiently. Down and back movement is pretty good, with the occasional cow-hocked dog. Powderpuffs tend to look closer in the rear as they go away, but this is almost certainly because of the heavy hock coat, in most cases, more profuse than the socks on the Hairless. Toplines are overall good and level. The Hairless can’t hide anything, but artful brushing on the Powderpuff topline can hide dips and rises that shouldn’t be there.

The Chinese Crested is rectangular, not square and not off-square! The wording in our Breed Standard is misleading. It states, “Body length from withers to base of the tail is slightly longer than the height at the withers.” Some judges seem to glance at this and think, “Slightly longer than tall.” No! The measurement is from the withers, not from the front of the dog! You’re talking inches here from the chest to the withers, and this means rectangular, which is also the first word in the Standard after “Proportions.” Rectangular! There aren’t as many square Cresteds as there used to be and I have never seen one I thought was too long.

“The Chinese Cresteds” by Shelley Hennessy SHOWSIGHT May 2017

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Chinese Crested.

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Meet the English Toy Spaniel

A DOG OF DISTINCTION AND CHARACTER

“Tyrone” MBIS MBISS CAN/AM GCHB Clussexx Coronation Of A King From Sandscape

Elegant, affectionate, and a little reserved, the English Toy Spaniel is a breed steeped in British history. Called “Charlies,” due to their association with King Charles I and King Charles II, they have a domed head, short muzzle, and colorful feathered coat. Charlies are dignified companions that love nothing more than quiet cuddles with their favorite person. Their fans note their gentle, reserved nature and their unwavering loyalty to their families.

In 2011, the English Toy Spaniel celebrated the 125th anniversary of American Kennel Club recognition. The first registered ETS was Mildmay Park Beauty, AKC Stud Book #4456. This black and tan bitch was imported from England and registered in 1886 to Mrs. B. F. (the former Susannah Roberts) Wilson (22 Oct. 1847-18 Apr. 1919) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Only the Pug and Yorkshire Terrier, recognized in 1885, precede the ETS in seniority among Toy breeds.

Although somewhat rare in the United States today, the English Toy Spaniel was a popular, wellknown breed during the Edwardian Era, the reign of King Edward VII [reigned after Queen Victoria, from 1901-1910]. It should be mentioned here that in 1903, King Edward VII intervened personally with The Kennel Club [of the United Kingdom, attempting to rename and catalogue the breed generically as Toy Spaniels] to ensure that the breed officially retain its historic name of “King Charles Spaniel” in his realm. Around the turn of the 20th century, many English Toy Spaniels were imported by wealthy Americans… Early fanciers were frequently mentioned in society columns as well as show reports, which commented as much about the fashionable attire of the ladies as the characteristics of their winning show dogs! The names of gentlemen also appear as exhibitors and early club members. Entries were numerous enough, and kennel advertisements with photos of beribboned Toy Spaniels appear boastful enough to suggest an air of keen competition from the earliest decades.

"A History of the English Toy Spaniel" by Richard LeBeau SHOWSIGHT February 2024

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the English Toy Spaniel.

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Meet the Havanese

A SMALL, STURDY DOG OF IMMENSE CHARM

“Bugatti” Wysteria’s It All Starts With A Dream

Cuba’s national dog, the Havanese is a cheerful, silky-coated companion known for its colorful coat, friendly nature, and playful gait. These extroverted little charmers were bred to be lapdogs of Cuban aristocrats—and they haven’t lost their love of attention. Known to be intelligent, sociable, and easilly trainable, their long, light, and lively coat nevertheless does require grooming, but this duty only adds to the breed’s fluffy, irresistible appeal.

Remember, the Havanese you are examining is an athletic little dog who loves to do Obedience, Agility, and Freestyle dancing, among its many talents. We want a sturdy, healthy, robust little dog. Are you feeling for the topline that rises to the rear? If you are, you can actually feel where the rise begins. Is the tail set high in a flat croup? Does the dog you are examining have a moderately laid-back shoulder with a short upper arm? Is the dog slightly longer than tall when measured from the point of shoulder to the point of rump? The key word again is “slightly.” Our Breed Standard calls for a dog slightly longer than tall, not a long-backed dog. The length should come from the rib cage and not the loin, in order to keep the back strong. Does the tail go up from the root of the tail and over the back, or is the tail so tightly curled it lies flat on the back? The Havanese Standard states: “The tail is high-set and arches forward up over the back. It is plumed with long, silky hair. The tail plume may fall straight forward or to either side of the body. While standing, a dropped tail is permissible.” It should be noted that when a Havanese moves, the tail is carried up and over the back and should not be dropped.

“Judging the Havanese” by Candace Mogaveron SHOWSIGHT September 2015

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Havanese.

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Meet the Italian Greyhound

IDEAL ELEGANCE AND GRACE

photo courtesy of Mark Lucas

A miniature version of the Greyhound, the Italian Greyhound is elegant, sensitive, and surprisingly swift. With a fine-boned frame, tucked waist, and gentle demeanor, these diminutive sighthounds were bred to be pampered companions, and they still excel at this responsibility today. Alert, playful, and affectionate, they love warmth, soft blankets, and being near their people, thriving in calm and loving homes.

The Italian Greyhound is the smallest of the family of gazehounds (dogs that hunt by sight). The breed is an old one and is believed to have originated more than 2,000 years ago in the countries known today as Greece and Turkey. This belief is based on the depiction of miniature greyhounds in the early decorative arts of these countries and the archaeological discovery of small greyhound skeletons. Due to the antiquity of the breed, there is no documented evidence whether the Italian Greyhound was bred to be a small game hunter or a companion. Most likely, it was a combination of both roles, as a small greyhoundtype dog is found in ancient decorative art hunting scenes and family portraits.

Sometime between 200 BC and 200 AD, the Romans brought the sighthounds of the Middle East and Greece into their homes, and the beginnings of the small Greyhounds of Italy were born. Evidence of miniature sighthounds can be found in the ruins of Pompeii from 79 AD. By the Middle Ages, the breed had become distributed throughout Southern Europe and was later a favorite of the Italians in the 16th century, usually owned by the nobility. The Renaissance period produced paintings and sculptures of the Italian Greyhound breed in a recognizable form. It is due to their popularity in Italy that the breed became known as the “Italian Greyhound.”

“Italian Greyhound History Information” by Lilian Barbern SHOWSIGHT September 2022

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Meet the Japanese Chin

AN ARISTOCRATIC TOY DOG WITH A DISTINCTIVE “ORIENTAL” EXPRESSION

Graceful, catlike, and full of charm, the Japanese Chin has a royal history as a lapdog of East Asian nobility. With a distinctive and abundant coat, feathered tail, and expressive eyes, the Chin is known for being undeniably refined and captivatingly intelligent. The Chin has a noble bearing and affectionate nature, often described as a “cat in a dog’s body.” They’re clean and quiet, and they adore their inner circle.

The Japanese Chin is a “head breed,” with about one-third of its Standard devoted to describing the head. In simplifying some of this description, it is easiest to remember that the ideal head is large for the size of the dog. When viewed from profile, its shape resembles a “3” - the foreskull and muzzle meet on the same diagonal line with the nose set inside the middle; ideally, this nose is slightly tipped back. A rule of thumb to use is that if the nose ever looks like something can be hung from it, it is wrong. When viewed from the front, the Chin head is basically square-shaped with a slight rounding of its topskull caused by ears which are set just beneath the crown; the nose sets between large, round, dark, lustrous eyes. When looking straight ahead, a small amount of white may be seen in the inner corner of each eye; the eyes should never appear to be bulging or protruding; the muzzle is short and balances in width with the forehead; the cushions are broad and wide; the cheeks are sometimes referred to as bubble-gum cheeks; the teeth are covered by the cushions; and the bite is slightly undershot. It is vital to remember that the Chin head is not rectangular-shaped as in a Peke, nor rounded as an English Toy, nor snipey as a Pap. Since these are all related breeds, each particular head shape is a key breed characteristic.

“Interpretive Comments: Japanese Chin Standard” by Sari Brewster Tietje SHOWSIGHT January 2014

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Meet the Maltese

AMONG THE GENTLEST MANNERED OF ALL LITTLE DOGS

With its long, flowing white coat and black button nose, the Maltese is the picture of little dog elegance. One of the oldest of all Toy breeds, this dog has charmed royals and nobles for centuries. Despite their delicate appearance, they are lively, fearless, and utterly charming companions. These little lapdogs crave affection and attention, making them ideal for owners who want a constant cuddle buddy.

It’s time to enter the show ring, but the judge is standing at the table intently reading the Maltese Breed Standard. To me, that’s as impressive as a Maltese breeder who keeps the Standard with them all the time and breeds to it faithfully. The Standard is not a recipe where substitutions can be added to get the same result. We’re not trying to create a new Maltese dog. We are trying to preserve an ancient breed that has been around for over 2,500 years. We expect show judges to know our Standard and follow it to the letter and we, as breeders, should expect the same from ourselves.

Have we, as breeders, taken license to deviate from the Standard to the point of ill health for our breed? Have we, as breeders, caved-in to the pet market and ignored the Standard? Or have we decided the Standard leaves enough room for interpretation that we can take liberties? The answer I give is the best advice I’ve been given from a breeding mentor: “Breed to the Standard. Don’t try to improve it. Respect it.”

There is so much to consider when we take on the responsibility of being breeders, but our first responsibility is to our Breed Standard. Always let the Standard lead you forward. This is where we will find health and type.

“A Timeless Picture in Words” by Pat Bullard SHOWSIGHT November 2020

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Meet the Manchester Terrier

KEENLY OBSERVANT, DEVOTED YET DISCERNING

“Luna” GCHS Earindil’s Moonstone At Heaven Hi

Sleek, spirited, and elegant, the Toy Manchester Terrier is a smaller version of the Standard Manchester, built for companionship and competition. With a rich black-and-tan coat and an alert expression, this diminutive dog combines the precision of a Terrier with the compact size of a Toy. Spirited, bright, and observant, Toy Manchesters love activity and are happiest with mental and physical stimulation.

With regards to size, our Breed Standard states, “The Toy variety shall not exceed 12 pounds,” and “The Standard variety shall be over 12 pounds and not exceeding 22 pounds.” Please note, there is no preference for size described within the weight limit. Historically, the breed was regarded for its versatility, which is partly due to the range of size found within the varieties. Judges should not disregard smaller specimens in either variety based on size alone. And finally, we strongly encourage judges to weigh an exhibit that may appear to be over the size limitation for its variety. Per our Standard: “The Toy variety over 12 pounds shall be excused. Disqualification: Standard Variety—Weight over 22 pounds.” Estimating a dog’s weight is a difficult task even for our most experienced breeders. If you should encounter an entry in either variety that you question whether it is in the allowable range for weight, the only proper recourse is to weigh the dog to confirm it is within the allowable range. It is a disservice to our breed, and to our exhibitors, for a judge to disregard an entry based on their estimate of its weight, or reward an exhibit with a disqualifying fault (Standard variety) or one that should be excused as indicated by our Breed Standard (Toy variety) for being outside the allowable range for weight.

“Judging the Manchester Terrier” Jo Ann Emrick, AMTC Judges Education SHOWSIGHT July 2025

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Toy Manchester Terrier.

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Meet the Miniature Pinscher

FEARLESS ANIMATION AND COMPLETE SELF-POSSESSION

Don’t let the small size fool you—the Miniature Pinscher, or “Min Pin,” is a bold, fearless Toy with a big-dog attitude. With a smooth, tight coat, high-stepping gait, and confident stance, the Min Pin is often called the “King of Toys.” They have a proud and fearless demeanor, and a very curious nature. Independent but loyal, Min Pins need socialization, structure, and plenty of attention to thrive.

Hey! Is that a Miniature Doberman? For those of us who live and play with Miniature Pinschers, our first inclination is to holler a great big emphatic “No!”—but we don’t. We gently smile and say, “No, this is a Miniature Pinscher. He is a totally different breed from the Doberman.” Now, let me explain why.

History tells us the Miniature Pinscher breed originated in the far away country of Germany. The breed first appears in a 17th century painting showing a picture of a cat-sized dog resembling the Miniature Pinscher of today. The Miniature Pinscher is, in fact, an older breed than the Doberman Pinscher, which doesn’t come into play until the late 1800s.

The breed was developed in Germany, and agreement among dog historians tells us the Miniature Pinscher breed comes from genetic crosses of the German Pinscher, the Dachshund, and the Italian Greyhound. From these ancestors, the Min Pin (as we lovingly call him) gets his feistiness, fearlessness, and his playful speed and grace. By the 19th century, the Reh Pinscher, as he was called in Germany, was developed. The feisty and quick little dogs were used as vermin hunters (rats, mice, moles and such creatures). Their size, 10 to 12-1/2 inches, and speed enabled them to get close to the home threats and keep the pests from eating food and destroying man’s home.

“Hey! Is That a Miniature Doberman?” by Kim Byrd SHOWSIGHT October 2013

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Meet the Papillon

A SMALL, FRIENDLY, AND ELEGANT TOY DOG OF LIVELY ACTION

Named for the French word for “butterfly,” the Papillon is instantly recognizable by its large, fringed, erect (or drop!) ears and an alert expression. This breed is athletic, intelligent, and highly trainable, often excelling in Agility and Obedience. Papillons are friendly, elegant, and energetic. Whether they’re performing tricks or cuddling on the couch, Paps shine in attentive homes with active singles, seniors, or families.

Versatility definition: Capable of or adapted for turning easily from one another of various tasks, fields of endeavor. The definition aptly describes the Papillon dog. A “happy, alert and friendly” dog that is “light, dainty and of lively action,” the Papillon is able to adapt and excel in many venues. Papillons have been some of the top dogs of all time in the physically and mentally demanding sports of Agility, Obedience, and Rally. Papillons are successful in Tracking competitions. The Breed Standard may state “elegant and fine-boned” but they are also sturdy, sound, and agile, with a great work ethic which makes this breed well suited for Companion events.

In addition to their good nature and high intelligence, Papillons possess the most important aspect of a Service Dog—the desire to spend time with humans. Considered a “companion dog,” the desire to spend time with their human makes the Papillon an ideal choice for Therapy and Service Dog work. They are trained as Hearing Aid Dogs, Seizure Alert Dogs, and Psychiatric Support Dogs. Papillons have started doing Barn Hunt and Coursing, now that the AKC has opened these venues to them… The Papillon may be purse-sized, but packed inside is one of the smartest of all dogs—a clever, active dog that excels at almost anything dogs do. A truly versatile breed, capable of going from the Conformation ring to doing Agility, Obedience, etc., to cuddling on your lap.

“Papillon Versatility” by Sandy Vaillancourt & Jolene Roudebush SHOWSIGHT May 2015

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Meet the Pekingese

LION-LIKE, IMPLYING COURAGE, DIGNITY, BOLDNESS, AND SELF-ESTEEM

“Quincey” BISS GCHS Sun Valley Quincey From Deja Vu

Regal, dignified, and deeply loyal, the Pekingese was bred to live in the palaces of Chinese emperors; they are sometimes called “lion dog” or “Pekes.” With a distinctive rolling gait, a luxurious coat, and a bold heart, this Toy breed carries itself with confidence. Pekes are affectionate and opinionated, with a strong sense of self. They do require regular grooming and thrive in calm households where they are respected as the aristocrats they believe they are.

The Pekingese Club of America would like to state that in order to properly judge a Pekingese, it is essential that the dog must be lifted. The lift will determine the weight distribution and the density of the dog. You are not lifting to determine the weight; if you feel the exhibit is over 14 pounds, call for the scale. Our Study Guide that has been distributed to all Pekingese judges states:

“Pekingese should be small but surprisingly heavy with the majority of the weight found in the front half of their bodies. Lifting the dog two or three inches off the table will confirm this. Wrap your arm around the dog behind the shoulders and under the body, and use your other arm to support the chest from the front.

“This only reason for lifting a Pekingese is to determine that, when lifted, the dog is solid and surprisingly heavy for its size and that the dog is indeed heavier in front. All weights are correct within the limit of 14 pounds and the scale should be called if a judge suspects the weight is over.”

“Judging the Pekingese” by Susan Shephard SHOWSIGHT May 2020

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Meet the Pomeranian

AN ACTIVE TOY DOG OF NORDIC DESCENT

“Dallas” MBISS MGroup Winning GCHS Cr Country Performance

Fluffy, vivacious, and full of sass, the Pomeranian is a big personality in a tiny package. With a fox-like face and plumed tail lying flat on the back, this colorful breed is alert, extroverted, and always on the go. Poms possess exceeding charm and a singular intelligence. These little dogs make devoted companions and excellent watchdogs in any household, always ready to sound the alarm or get the party started.

Pomeranians are one of the best-kept secrets in the world of dog sports. Their original use as herding dogs, before they were bred down in size, means that many of them still retain the same instincts that make Border Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs so responsive to training. Poms have shown these abilities since the early days of Obedience competition. In 1943, Pomeranian Georgian’s Betty UDT (Utility Dog Tracking) was actually the Top Obedience Dog in the United States. Her picture in the April 1944 National Geographic shows her holding a dumbbell that must have been meant for a much larger dog.

Since then, with many Toy breeds competing in Obedience, dumbbells, gloves, and articles have been made that will fit these smaller dogs, and Poms are participating in all sports where they are allowed. Most people think of Pomeranians as cute little lap dogs, but when allowed to show their stuff, they are much, much more... Pomeranians have been Therapy Dogs for years, with no credit given other than in the hearts of those on the receiving end of all that love… These dogs go into nursing homes and hospitals and schools, not only offering love but also assisting in many ways. They listen to children read aloud, walk beside someone using a walker, or respond to someone who is trying to form a command.

“The Pomeranian: Not Just a Pretty Face” by Barbara McClatchey SHOWSIGHT March 2015

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Meet the Toy Poodle

AN ELEGANT-APPEARING DOG, CARRYING HIMSELF PROUDLY

“Oscar” GCHB Artistic Kennel World Famous Oscar

Don’t let the glamour fool you—the Toy Poodle is more than a pretty face. This breed is highly intelligent, eager to please, and remarkably versatile. Poodles are active, proud, and very smart. With their tight curls and alert expression, Toy Poodles excel in everything they do. Their coat needs regular grooming, but their trainability and affection make them worth the effort. (You can also check out Standard and Miniature Poodles, which are part of the Non-Sporting Group).

Most of the dogs in your ring will be immature specimens. In the past, when Poodle entries were much larger, it was easy for judges to get the sense of good Poodle coat texture. Many exhibits were in the two and a half- to four-year range. Today, mature exhibits are relegated to the Specials class, with the median age being under two. Find out what [the coat] should feel like, but don’t expect it to be prevalent.

Dog shows are exotic, glamorous, and exciting—that is part of the allure; exhibitors, judges, and everyone who participates help to perpetuate this modern version of the dog show. The evolution of our trims incorporated and increased the use of hair spray (and other products) in the arsenal of tools to enhance, but we are hardly the only breed and, in many instances, not the worst offender. We are, however, the most obvious, really—we stand ten inches of hair on-end. My advice in judging this phenomenon? Well, let’s say you live in a part of the world where people prefer their hair purple and standing on-end. If it offends you, the problem is you have to get used to it or relocate. But if you point and scream each time you see it, they will relocate you.

“The Toy Poodle” by Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Cannarozzo SHOWSIGHT September 2017

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Meet the Pug

EVEN-TEMPERED WITH AN OUTGOING, LOVING DISPOSITION

“Nitro” GCHP Winsome N’ Nirvana’s Lil’ Nitro Gummy Bear

With its wrinkled brow, curled tail, and soulful eyes, the Pug is a delightful blend of clown and philosopher. Originating in China, Pugs have long been bred for companionship, and they take their job seriously. They are always charming, mischievous, and loving. Their low-maintenance coat and moderate exercise needs make them ideal for apartment living, but their affection and sense of humor win hearts everywhere.

The Pug loves his family but is also friendly with others, especially babies. His pink tongue is always ready to give kisses and he loves cuddles. Not the most easily trained dog, many have been very successful in Obedience and as Therapy Dogs. This is a breed meant only for companionship. He does not hunt, track, retrieve, point, or herd. He enjoys a rough tumble or a quiet snooze on the couch with his person. He is protective of his turf and will alert you to strangers approaching.

As a family pet, he usually attaches himself to the person feeding him, but will share his affections. Pugs are very good eaters and one must be careful of overfeeding, as it is hard to resist those great big, black, pleading eyes. Perhaps the worst thing that could happen to a Pug is to be ignored. They enjoy routine, and once they understand yours they will want to participate on every level. They are highly attuned to your moods and will comfort you in times of sadness.

The Pug is the largest dog in the Toy Group—and his many admirers will argue that he also has the largest heart.

"The Pug" by Charlotte Patterson SHOWSIGHT May 2015

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Meet the Russian Toy

ACTIVE AND CHEERFUL, POSSESSING KEEN INTELLIGENCE

“Cooper” BISS GCHS Florida Sunshine Rolls Royce

Delicate yet spirited, the Russian Toy is one of the smallest breeds in the AKC, but don’t let its size fool you—this elegant companion is full of personality. Originally developed in Russia as a cherished lapdog and watchdog for nobility, the breed comes in two coat types: smooth and longhaired, both highlighting a fine-boned structure and lively expression. With their large and expressive eyes, and high-set ears, Russian Toys are alert, intelligent, and devoted to their people.

The Russian Toy Breed Standard begins with the description: “A small elegant dog, lively, long-legged, with fine bone and lean muscles.” This accurate summation of the breed is what attracted my attention eight years ago when I first learned about the breed and began my research. I found that one of the distinguishing characteristics that contributes to this description is the square build.

The square build is described in the second section of the Russian Toy Standard and states that “…the height, when measured vertically from the ground to the highest point on the withers, is equal to the length, when measured horizontally from the prosternum to the point of the buttocks.” These proportions described in the Standard… are a part of what gives the Russian Toy its distinct silhouette when compared to the other small Toy breeds. While the purpose of the breed is companionship, these proportions make the breed very suited for activity, and they are, indeed, quite a lively little dog… Whether you are looking for a show dog, a companion, or a speedy agility partner, the Russian Toy can be the dog for you.

“Characteristics of the Russian Toy” by Jennifer Grebnoski SHOWSIGHT November 2021

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Meet the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka

THE “ULTIMATE HOUSE PET” WITH A DISHEVELED APPEARANCE

“Steele” GCHB Showboat’s Etched In Steele @SFR CM 34

Small, cheerful, and full of charm, the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka is a rare Toy breed developed in Russia as a loving lapdog. With its soft, wavy coat and bright expression, the Bolonka is affectionate and adaptable. Though small, they are sturdy and often have a comical, endearing personality. Sociable with people and other dogs, they make excellent apartment companions and thrive on interaction and companionship.

The official name of the breed is Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka, but most breeders just call these dogs Bolonka, which translates to Colored Lap Dog. They are small but sturdy dogs. Unlike some other Toy dogs, they are an outgoing, energetic breed. They love their human companions and enjoy doing any activity they are asked to do. The Bolonka will excel in any activity without their owners having to worry about having a fragile dog. They are the perfect travel companions.

Bolonki (plural for Bolonka) are friendly dogs that are willing to please and highly intelligent, so training is not difficult. Their creation goes back to breeds such as the Shih Tzu, Maltese, and Bolognese, among others, to produce this non-shedding breed. Ideally, the size of this lovely little dog will be 7-9 lbs., but they can vary between 5-10 lbs. for males and females. The body is just off-square with a level topline. They should move with good reach in front and strong rear drive. The Bolonka should never be over 11 inches in height at the withers.

A fun fact about the Bolonka: They change colors many times throughout their life. Most are born either black, brown, or gold in color with either black or brown pigment. Chocolates are a prime example of this. Sables come in several different shades of color, which are born brown or black. The most common colors are black, brown, or sable shades.

“What Makes a Bolonka a Bolonka?” by Denise Dang SHOWSIGHT May 2024

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Meet the Shih Tzu

PROUD OF BEARING, TRUSTING TOWARDS ALL

Once the prized lapdog of Chinese emperors, the Shih Tzu remains a royal charmer with a flowing coat, warm expression, and infectious personality. Well known for their affectionate, outgoing nature, the people who know the breed well say they are friendly, trusting, and always playful. While their luxurious coat requires a dedication to grooming, they are adaptable, happy companions that thrive on the attention.

The Shih Tzu breed is a luxuriously coated Toy breed with a distinctive chrysanthemum face, rectangular body, and an amazing personality and temperament. Shih Tzu also have a “signature” proud head, with a tail held high over the back. They require extensive grooming, so the exhibitors, breeders, and handlers can easily fool the inexperienced judge. Shih Tzu are more than just a pretty face accentuated by an elaborate, and sometimes overdone, artificial topknot.

The Shih Tzu head is what makes our breed unique. Think “round” from all sides. As a judge, I like to see the head at least the size of a grapefruit or larger. Today’s exhibitors are, unfortunately, what we refer to as “artists.” Once you learn how to examine the head, you can see beyond all the fuss and grandiose grooming.

Using the method of cupping the head in your hands with fingers behind the ears, you can then use your thumbs to do all the examining of the rest of the head. This allows you to look into their eyes, feel the whole shape of the skull, width of muzzle, amount of stop, and fullness of foreskull, without destroying the grooming.

“Judging the Shih Tzu: More Than Just a Pretty Face” by Wendy Paquette SHOWSIGHT August 2021

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Meet the Silky Terrier

A TRUE “TOY TERRIER” WITH AN INQUISITIVE NATURE AND JOY OF LIFE

Don’t let the glossy coat fool you—this toy breed is a true terrier at heart. Bred in Australia, the Silky Terrier is feisty, intelligent, and undeniably bold. With a fine, blue-and-tan coat and lively personality, the Silky is always on the alert and filled with self-confidence. People who know the breed praise their spirited nature and affectionate loyalty. These dogs are happiest with activity, attention, and a bit of mischief.

As for color, the Silky Standard allows any shade of blue, from a dark slate to silver. However, with that blue body coat, the dog must have good tan on its face (muzzle, between and slightly over the eyes), ears, legs, and around the vent. The hair on the top of the head (fall/topknot) is to be silver or fawn. The fall should be clear in color as an adult, free of dark shadings, but may not be on a puppy. However, the puppy should show signs of breaking without any black hairs.

So, when you look at the expression, the face and ears should be tan, with the fall a lighter contrast of fawn or silver (important to breed type), a beautiful sight when correct and another thing that shows the differences between the Silky and the Yorkshire Terrier. Silkys are born black and tan, so many times you will see black on the ends of the blue body coat and the fall. This is just a maturing process.

“Judging the Silky Terrier” by Florence A. Males SHOWSIGHT February 201

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Silky Terrier.

54:T966,

Meet the Toy Fox Terrier

INTELLIGENT, ALERT, FRIENDLY, AND LOYAL TO ITS OWNERS

“Barnum” GCHB Barbary Kallmee The Ringmaster RA FDC CA FCAT CGC TKN

A true American breed, the Toy Fox Terrier is a feisty, intelligent, and spirited little dog with a sleek coat and playful nature. Bred from Smooth Fox Terriers and smaller Toy breeds, the Toy Fox may be compact but it is nevertheless filled with explosive energy and an incredible wit. Described as friendly, loyal, and alert, these confident pups love learning tricks, playing games, and being a lively part of the family.

Your first impression of the Toy Fox Terrier should be balanced and elegant. The Breed Standard states that they have an athletic appearance, displaying grace and agility. Characteristic traits that should be immediately evident are the elegant and distinctive head, the erect, inverted V-shaped ears, the short, glossy and predominantly white coat with the predominantly solid head, and the short, high tail set—which the Standard calls for as docked. This is a square breed; bone is strong, but not excessive, and the Standard tells us that overall balance is important. The word “balance” is used a number of times throughout the Standard, as is the word “elegant.”

The Toy Fox Terrier is both Toy and Terrier, and both have influenced his personality and character. They have unending energy and a zest for life. This influences their behavior in your ring. Dogs lacking good Terrier attitude and personality are to be faulted. The Toy Fox Terrier is a fun dog; spirited and full of personality. These animated and playful dogs have been known to entertain the judges and spectators at the expense of the exhibitors who are trying so hard to present their dogs. If you have an appreciation for the character and personality of this breed, along with their beauty, balance, and elegance—and, perhaps, a bit of patience—you will find judging the Toy Fox Terrier to be an enjoyable part of your day’s schedule.

“Judging the Toy Fox Terrier” by Susan B. Thibodeaux SHOWSIGHT May 2021

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Toy Fox Terrier.

55:T881,

Meet the Yorkshire Terrier

A LONG-HAIRED TOY TERRIER WITH A CONFIDENT MANNER

With its flowing blue-and-tan coat and spunky personality, the Yorkshire Terrier is both fashion-forward and fiercely feisty. Originally bred to chase rats in English mills, the Yorkie now enjoys life as a glamorous, if somewhat insistent, companion. This is an affectionate breed, sprightly and tomboyish. Their compact size, big attitude, and need for human connection make them perennial stars in the Toy Group and on the living room sofa.

The outstanding breed characteristics of the Yorkshire Terrier are Coat, Color, and Texture. However, for many exhibitors and judges, this seems to be a problem. The general appearance for a Yorkie is that of a long-haired Toy Terrier that has a steel blue and tan coat that is parted from the base of the skull to the end of the tail, and hangs evenly and very straight down each side of the body. Each strand appears to be individual. The coat is distinctively long, silky, glowing, and reflects light.

The clear metallic color, the single coat, and the texture are of the utmost importance in evaluating this breed. The ideal texture of the coat is silk; Yorkies DO NOT HAVE FUR. The coat can be compared to human hair. A clue to this is that on a 100-degree day, the coat will still feel silky and cool to the touch. Puppies are born black and will start to show markings of gold on the ears and legs first, with intermingling black hairs in the tan until they reach maturity. The change from a puppy coat takes quite a long time. Judging the puppies, you can see the changing by checking the part line and shoulder line. It can take from twelve to eighteen months for a complete adult coat. Yorkies do not shed, it is a continuously growing coat.

“Simple Talk on the Yorkshire Terrier Standard” by Kathleen B. Kolbert SHOWSIGHT September 2018

Please visit showsightmagazine.com to learn more about the Yorkshire Terrier.

56:T1640,

MEASURING PROGRESS: BUILT LIKE A PUREBRED DOG

BY DAN SAYERS

Global dog registries recognize more than 360 (and counting) individual breeds, each representing a unique partnership with humanity that has spanned miles and millennia. No matter the culture or the need, there’s always been a dog perfectly adapted for a particular role in a particular place. Service has certainly been the mandate, but so too has substance—and style. In this way, each breed is a reflection of its geographic and cultural origin, much like clothing and food and music. And architecture. Just as an igloo is cut from blocks of ice in the frozen Arctic, so too are Northern breeds cut out for life on the tundra. The same can be said for desert sighthounds and traditional Bedouin tents, highland collies and Scottish crofts, and royal lapdogs and Imperial palaces.

Building types around the world have a lot in common with breed type in purebred dogs, including many of the period structures that have been built on the American landscape.

Pre-Columbian architecture may best be represented by the Pueblo style of homes in the Southwest and the Chihuahuas that lived there for centuries; both are links to the time of pre-European contact. Spanish Colonial Missions, with their terracotta roofs and private courtyards, typify the security provided by breeds like the Spanish Mastiff. Conversely, in New England, Saltbox houses (and the Cape Cod-style homes that followed) suggest the understated yet functional styling of the Boston Terrier.

The founders of the United States often turned to the past in search of ancient inspiration. Jefferson’s Monticello is a Neoclassical masterpiece akin to Washington’s American Foxhounds. The Gothic Revival churches and chapels built throughout the colonies suggest the strength, grace, and towering height of the Greyhound. Mausoleums, which still grace park-like graveyards in many major cities, pay homage to the Egyptian Revival period as well as the sphinx and the Pharaoh Hound. In Annapolis, Maryland, both the Chesapeake Bay Retriever and the Federal-style buildings that line the city’s 18th-century streets face the water with unflinching resolve.

The Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia is a Greek Revival masterpiece, standing firm like an American Bulldog with a degree in ancient philosophy. Similarly, City Hall in Albany, New York, graces the state capital like a Volpino Italiano from the Romanesque Revival period. And on the other side of the continent, the Lincoln Theater in Los Angeles beguiles passersby with its Moorish Revival facade that’s as lively as any Podengo—in any size.

San Francisco’s Painted Ladies seem to watch over the neighborhood like variously marked Collies of the High Victorian period, and back on the East Coast, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel would never be out of place among the Queen Anne bed and breakfasts of Cape May, New Jersey. Similarly, the French Bulldog is the ideal complement to the Art Nouveau-inspired leaded glass windows produced by the studios of Louis Comfort Tiffany and installed for public viewing in places like the Art Institute of Chicago. And in Spring Green, Wisconsin, Frank Lloyd Wright’s house and studio, Taliesin, expands across a 600-acre estate like an American Water Spaniel in search of a fallen bird.

In Manhattan, “The Whitney” is a hulking wonder, challenging pedestrians like an immovable Greater Swiss Mountain Dog or any other behemoth of the Modernist movement. Uptown, the former Seagram Building maintains its International Style with the efficient beauty of a German Shorthaired Pointer. And Mid-Century Modern never looked as simple (or is it severe?) as the monolithic Guggenheim Museum—or a Cocker Spaniel parading through Central Park.

Further south, the Art Deco hotels that face Miami Beach seem both inviting and intimidating, like a Borzoi on an extended holiday. Back in LA, Postmodernism makes itself known in the form of Frank Gehry’s Walt Disney Concert Hall, like a pesky Rat Terrier that just will not be ignored. Likewise, the Getty Museum, with its gorgeous skin of beige travertine, presides over the City of Angels like a Neomodern American Hairless Terrier with a priceless art collection.

Perhaps contemporary American architecture would best be represented by the five-over-one complexes that sell an “ultra-luxury” lifestyle that comes with questionable construction and an exorbitant mortgage. These copy/paste condominiums typify life in the twentyfirst century as reliably as a Mini Bernadoodle’s pedigree, promoted by clever marketing efforts that have little to no interest in anything but the bottom line.

Thankfully there is hope. The tiny house movement could be the antidote to the current construction craze, much like preservation breeders offer an alternative to all the overpriced doodles and those questionable “rescues.” When you think about it, tiny houses and purebred dogs have something in common; they both speak to many of the issues people are concerned about today: affordability, security, and sustainability. Purebred dogs are a “renewable” resource that can meet the future while acknowledging the past. In this way, recognized breeds are like period buildings that have endured through many lifetimes.

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