The Great Pyrenees is renowned for its majestic appearance, gentle demeanor, and vigilant nature. Originating from the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural border between France and Spain, these large white dogs were historically used to guard livestock against predators. With their thick, weather-resistant coat, they are well-equipped to withstand the harsh mountainous climate. Pyrs , as these dogs are often called, are known for their calm yet protective temperament, making them excellent guardians for both livestock and families today. Despite the breed’s large size and independent streak, Great Pyrenees exhibit a profound gentleness with children and family members, embodying a patient and loyal canine companion.
AKC Group
Working
Height
25 – 32 inches
Weight
85 – 100 pounds & up
Lifespan
10 – 12 years
Highlights
Country of Origin
France
Bred For
Guarding
Known For
Noble Appearance, Loyalty, Patience
Popularity
Moderate
Temperament
Intelligent, Patient, Calm
Activities
Guarding, Therapy Dog, Search and Rescue, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports
Historical records suggest that the ancestors of the Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées were working dogs, with a lineage likely tied to ancient mountain dogs used by shepherds in Asia Minor as far back as 3,000 B.C. Over time, those dogs migrated with their nomadic shepherds and eventually reached the Pyrenees Mountains, where they were refined and bred for their guarding abilities.
By the 17th century, the elegant appearance and noble demeanor of the Great Pyrenees had garnered the attention of the French nobility. The breed served as the Royal Dog of France under King Louis XIV, who declared it the official dog of the French court.
Despite its royal status, the Great Pyrenees remained a steadfast guardian of flocks, renowned for its protective instincts, intelligence, and gentle nature with those it was tasked to protect. The breed’s ability to work independently, making decisions to protect its charges without direct human commands, was highly valued by the local shepherds.
The breed was introduced to North America in the 1800s, where it continued its traditional role as a livestock guardian. However, it also became a beloved companion animal in homes as well as on farms. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the breed in 1933.
Today, while many Great Pyrenees still work as livestock guardians, they are also cherished as beloved family pets, known for their loyalty, patience, and protective nature. The breed’s history as a working dog in challenging mountain environments has endowed these dogs with a remarkable blend of strength, intelligence, and resilience, traits that continue to endear the Great Pyrenees to discerning dog fanciers around the world.
General Appearance
Height & Weight
Adult male Great Pyrenees typically stand between 27 and 32 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh around 100 pounds. Females are slightly smaller, generally ranging from 25 to 29 inches in height and weighing around 85 pounds.
Proportion & Substance
The Great Pyrenees is a breed that exudes balance and elegance, with a frame that is only slightly longer than it is tall. These dogs possess a well-proportioned build, with strong bone and a substantial body that denotes a capacity for physical work and endurance. The Pyr’s overall proportions are harmonious, with no single feature appearing exaggerated or diminishing the breed’s elegance. The body’s substance is solid, reflecting the breed’s function as a protector against formidable predators, yet the dog’s movement conveys a surprising grace for its size, demonstrating both agility and an easy fluidity.
Coat Texture, Colors & Markings
Texture: The coat of the Great Pyrenees is one of its most distinctive features, providing not only an elegant appearance but also serving a functional purpose. The double coat is thick and weather-resistant, composed of a dense, wooly undercoat and a longer, coarser outer coat. This dual-layered coat is designed to protect the Pyr from cold mountain snowstorms and from the heat experienced at lower altitudes in the summer season. The outer coat’s texture is straight or slightly wavy, but never curly, giving the breed a rather regal appearance that is as practical as it is beautiful. The coat is more profuse on the neck and shoulders, forming a ruff or mane which is more pronounced in males. Feathering appears on the back of the front legs and along the back of the thighs as “pantaloons.” The hair on the face and ears is shorter and fine in texture, but the hair is longer on the tail where it forms a fanciful plume.
Great Pyrenees Colors
Standard Color
White
ee
A Note About Color: The color of the undercoat may be either white or shaded. The outer coat’s color may be solid white or white with markings of gray, badger, reddish brown, or varying shades of tan. Variously sized marking may appear on the head (including a full face mask), ears, tail, and as a few body spots. However, outer coat markings that cover more than one-third of the body are not desirable. All acceptable markings are considered to be equally correct.
Great Pyrenees Markings
Standard Marking
Badger Markings
ee
Tan Markings
ee
Gray Markings
ee
Reddish Brown Markings
ee
Head
Skull: The skull of the Great Pyrenees is slightly rounded with a slight furrow between the eyes. It is neither too broad nor too fine. The length and width of the skull are approximately equal, and it transitions to the muzzle without an apparent stop.
Expression: The expression of a Great Pyrenees is a defining characteristic, reflecting the breed’s intelligence, calmness, and alertness. The gaze is often described as contemplative and kind, indicative of the breed’s gentle nature. It conveys a sense of nobility and indicates genuine warmth and understanding.
Eyes: The eyes of the Great Pyrenees are almond-shaped, medium-sized, and set slightly obliquely, contributing to the breed’s intelligent and gentle expression. The color typically ranges from dark brown to a shade that harmonizes with the coat, offering a contemplative gaze.
Ears: Set at eye level and relatively small in proportion to the head, the ears of the Great Pyrenees are V-shaped with rounded tips, lying flat and carried close to the head. They frame the face and enhance the breed’s elegant and alert demeanor.
Muzzle: The muzzle is of medium length, approximately equal to the backskull, and blends smoothly with the skull. The cheeks are flat, although there is sufficient fill under the eyes. The lips are tight-fitting and the lower jaw is strong. There is a minimal dewlap on the neck.
Nose: The nose of the Great Pyrenees is always black, providing a striking contrast to the predominantly white coat. It is well-developed, with open nostrils that facilitate the breed’s keen sense of smell.
Bite: A scissor bite is preferred, but a level bite is also acceptable. The teeth should meet in a well-aligned manner, although dropped incisors are not uncommon.
Tail
The tail of the Great Pyrenees is set low, just below the level of the back. It reaches at least to the hock. When the dog is relaxed, the tail hangs down with a slight curve at the end, known as a “shepherd’s crook.” In moments of alertness or excitement, the tail may be carried over the back. When the dog trots, the tail may be carried either over the back or low. In the Pyr’s historical role as a livestock guardian, the tail’s visibility, even in tall grass or snow, is a valuable asset for signaling the dog’s presence and location.
The Great Pyrenees – What to Consider?
When considering the Great Pyrenees as a companion, it’s essential to understand the breed’s characteristics, needs, and common behaviors. This will go a long way to making sure the breed fits well into the home and the owner’s lifestyle. These dogs are renowned for their serene and protective nature, which can make them excellent family members for owners who are informed and prepared to act as a responsible caretaker.
The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
IndependentAffectionate
Good With Other Dogs
The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not RecommendedReliable With Other Dogs
Good With Young Children
The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not RecommendedDependable With Children
Upkeep
Amount Of Shedding
The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
LowHigh
Frequency Of Grooming
The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
MonthlyDaily
Amount Of Drooling
The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
LowHigh
Coat Type
smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly
Coat Length
short
medium
long
Behavior
Acceptance Of New People
The likelihood of a breed to be friendly towards strangers will vary. While some breeds may consistently exhibit reserve or caution around unfamiliar people, regardless of the setting, others are often eager to greet and interact with any new person they meet.
ReservedOutgoing
Protective Nature
The propensity of a dog to notify you of the presence of strangers is breed-dependent. Some breeds are more inclined to respond to any perceived threat, be it the mailman or a squirrel outside the window. However, most breeds are generally more accepting of strangers who are welcomed by their human family members.
Minimal InterestMaximum Vigilance
Playfulness Level
The likelihood of a breed remaining playful beyond puppyhood will vary. Certain breeds retain their enthusiasm for activities like tug-of-war or games of fetch well into their adult years, whereas others are more content to simply lounge on the sofa with you for the majority of time.
LowHigh
Adaptability Level
The ease with which a breed can adapt to changes in its environment can vary greatly. This adaptability encompasses how well a breed is likely to cope with alterations to its home and yard, noise levels, weather conditions, daily routines, and other fluctuations in everyday life.
LowHigh
Personality
Trainability Level
The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
StubbornEager
Barking Level
The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
QuietVocal
Energy Level
The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch PotatoBusybody
Need For Mental Stimulation
The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal EngagementIntensive Interaction
Great Pyrenees Health
The Great Pyrenees’ health needs to be a paramount concern for prospective owners. Although the breed is generally healthy, individual dogs can be predisposed to specific health concerns, just like any breed or mixed-breed.
The lifespan of a Great Pyrenees is typically around 10 to 12 years, but with proper care, regular check-ups, and a balanced diet, many can thrive beyond these years.
Potential Health Risks
The Great Pyrenees, while robust and resilient, can be predisposed to certain health conditions that potential owners should be aware of. Some of the more common health risks include:
Hip Dysplasia: This is a condition where the thigh bone doesn’t fit snugly into the hip socket. Hip dysplasia can lead to pain or lameness in one or both rear legs, though signs of discomfort may not be noticable.
Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): This is a life-threatening condition that can affect large, deep-chested breeds like the Great Pyrenees. Bloat occurs when the stomach is distended with gas or air and then twists on itself. It is crucial to learn the signs of bloat and get immediate veterinary treatment should they occur.
Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma): Unfortunately, large breeds are also at a higher risk for bone cancer. Prompt attention to any unusual limping or swelling is essential for early detection and treatment.
Patellar Luxation: This condition involves the dislocation of the kneecap, which can range from being relatively benign to causing severe lameness. The Great Pyrenees can be affected by this condition, although it is more commonly seen in smaller dogs.
In light of these potential health risks, it is highly recommended for Great Pyrenees owners to maintain regular veterinary check-ups. Early detection and treatment of these conditions and other can significantly improve a dog’s quality of life. Additionally, discussing preventive care strategies, such as proper nutrition and regular exercise, with a veterinarian is key to ensuring a long, healthy life for any Great Pyrenees.
Great Pyrenees Personality
The Great Pyrenees is celebrated for its calm, patient, and confident disposition, embodying the gentle giant archetype. Despite the breed’s size, these dogs are known for their affectionate nature, especially towards family members, including the children with whom they are notably gentle and protective.
The breed’s personality is marked by a strong sense of independence and a natural protective instinct. These traits have historically made the breed an excellent livestock guardian. Pyrs are intelligent canines, capable of understanding and responding to training, but they do appreciate and respond best to positive reinforcement methods. Their independence can sometimes translate into stubbornness, so consistent and patient training is crucial.
While the Great Pyrenees is generally reserved and dignified, these dogs can be wary of strangers, making early socialization crucial to help them become good roommates and neighbors. The Pyr’s protective nature is a hallmark of breed. These white wonders are vigilant watchdogs, always on the alert to guard their family members and the family farm.
The Great Pyrenees typically coexists well with other dogs and animals, particularly if they are raised together. However, the breed’s strong guarding instincts can sometimes lead to assertiveness; hence, clear, positive leadership is essential. The sensitivity of these dogs to their family’s emotions makes them empathetic companions, attuned to the moods and feelings of other household members.
Great Pyrenees Feeding & Nutrition
Proper feeding and nutrition are critical components for maintaining a Great Pyrenees’ health and well-being. Given the breed’s large size, these dogs have specific dietary needs that should be met with high-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with a veterinarian’s supervision and approval.
For Great Pyrenees puppies, a diet that supports steady growth, without promoting excessive weight gain, is essential. Puppies should be fed more frequently, typically three to four times a day, with a balanced diet formulated for large-breed puppies. This regimen helps to prevent bone and joint problems later in life , ensuring growth at an appropriate rate.
Adult Pyrs, once they reach about 18 months of age, should transition to two meals per day. The amount of food, typically measured in cups, varies based on the dog’s size, age, metabolism, and activity level. On average, an adult Great Pyrenees might require 4 to 6 cups of high-quality dry food each day, divided into two meals. However, these needs can differ based on the individual dog and its energy expenditure.
It is important to monitor the dog’s weight and body condition closely, adjusting food intake as necessary to maintain a healthy weight. Obesity can lead to numerous health issues and should be avoided by feeding a balanced diet and providing regular exercise.
Providing the Great Pyrenees with clean, fresh drinking water is essential, as hydration is vital for this working dog’s overall health. Consultation with a veterinarian can offer more personalized guidance on the Pyr’s nutritional needs, ensuring a diet that supports good health, vitality, and happiness.
Great Pyrenees Training
Training a Great Pyrenees requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of the breed’s independent nature. These dogs are intelligent and capable learners but often exhibit a level of independence that stems from their historical role as autonomous livestock guardians. Training, therefore, should start early, be consistent, and continue into adulthood to ensure the Pyr develops into well-mannered and obedient companions.
Socialization is a key aspect of training any dog, but especially the Great Pyrenees. Introducing these natural guardians to a variety of people, environments, and other animals at a young age can help to foster a well-rounded and adaptable demeanor. Positive reinforcement techniques, such as using treats and praise, can be very effective in motivating a Pyr during training sessions.
While these dogs are generally calm and gentle, Great Pyrenees can exhibit the breed’s inherent protective streak, making early training crucial to manage guarding behaviors appropriately. As capable watchdogs, they are known for their bark, which they use to alert their owners to anything unusual. Training can help to manage excessive vocalizations, especially if it becomes problematic for the neighbors.
The Great Pyrenees’ intelligence means these dogs can learn commands and behaviors quickly, but their independent nature may sometimes lead to selective listening. Consistency and patience are key, and professional training classes can be beneficial for providing structured guidance and socialization opportunities.
As a dog developed to monitor their flocks, the Pyr typically has a low to moderate potential for wanderlust. Providing a secure, fenced yard and supervision during outdoor time are important to prevent the dog from roaming. Training for recall is crucial, given the breed’s size and protective nature.
Great Pyrenees can adapt to living in a variety of situations as long as their needs for exercise, mental stimulation, and companionship are met. With the right approach to training, they can be loyal and loving companions, well-adjusted to family life and a busy schedules.
