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Cirneco dell’Etna Dog Breed

About the Cirneco dell’Etna

The Cirneco dell’Etna is a graceful, slender dog native to the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea. Characterized by its agile and elegant physique, this breed has served as a rabbit hunter on the challenging terrain surrounding Mount Etna for over two millennia. Famed for its stamina and keen sense of smell, the Cirneco is a breed deeply ingrained in Sicilian culture and history.

AKC Group

AKC Group

Hound

Dog Breed Height

Height

16.5 – 19.5 Inches

Dog Breed Weight

Weight

17 – 26 Pounds

Dog Breed Lifespan

Lifespan

12 – 14 Years

Highlights

Country of Origin Italy
Bred For Small Game Hunting, Companionship
Known For Independence, Endurance, Gentleness
Popularity Low
Temperament Strong, Lively, Independent
Activities Hunting, Running, Hiking, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports

History of the Cirneco dell’Etna

The Cirneco dell’Etna is a breed steeped in antiquity, with an origin that can be traced back over two millennia. This elegant hound is named after Mount Etna, the majestic volcano situated on the eastern coast of Sicily that has been a silent witness to the breed’s evolution and enduring presence.

The ancestors of the Cirneco are believed to have been brought to Sicily by the Phoenicians, a group of ancient maritime traders from the eastern Mediterranean region. Over the centuries, the dogs adapted to the island’s challenging geography, particularly the rocky areas around Mount Etna. Their lightweight physique, coupled with an inherent hardiness and agility, made them ideal for hunting game, primarily rabbits, across the mountainside.

Numerous artifacts and coins from ancient Sicily depict images of the Cirneco, underscoring the breed’s significance and reverence in the ancient past. Some of these remnants date back as far as the 5th century BC, showcasing the small hound’s long-standing presence in the region.

Despite its ancient origins, the Cirneco dell’Etna remained relatively isolated for much of its existence, leading to the preservation of its genetic purity. It wasn’t until the 20th century that concerted efforts were made to stave off the breed’s demise by seeking official recognition for its existence. Driven by enthusiasts who appreciated the breed’s history and unique attributes, efforts were made that resulted in the formation of a Breed Standard and subsequent acknowledgment by purebred dog registries.

Today, the Cirneco dell’Etna is recognized by several major registries and kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club (AKC), the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), and The Royal Kennel Club (UK). Though not as widespread as some other breeds, the Cirneco has found a dedicated following among dog enthusiasts who cherish its ancient lineage, hunting prowess, and affectionate demeanor.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

Adult male Cirnechi dell’Etna (the plural name for the breed) typically stand between 18.5 and 19.5 inches tall at the shoulder, while mature females are slightly shorter, usually measuring from 16.5 to 18 inches tall.

In terms of weight, males generally weigh between 22 and 26 pounds, whereas females tend to be in the range of 17 to 22 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Cirneco dell’Etna boasts a nearly square build, with the length of the body, from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, being roughly equal to the dog’s height at the withers. This proportion lends the breed its characteristic balance and agility. Despite its slender appearance, however, the Cirneco possesses a robust constitution, with lean muscling that highlights its hunting origins.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The coat of the Cirneco dell’Etna is typically short and fine, lying flat against the body. It is semi-harsh in texture, providing a protective layer that’s suited for the countryside on which these hounds traditionally hunted.

Colors: Tan

Markings: White Markings

A Note About Color: The Cirneco dell’Etna is a self-colored dog in various shades of tan, from light to dark. White may appear as a mark or blaze on the head and on the chest and/or throat, on the feet, and on the tip of the tail. White can also be found on the belly; however, a white collar is not desirable. The color of the nose, lips, and eye rims blend with the color of the coat. Any other coloration or pigmentation is not acceptable for the breed.

Head

  • Skull: The skull of the Cirneco dell’Etna is slightly convex, broadening between the ears and gradually narrowing towards the eyes. The frontal furrow is slight, and there’s a noticeable, but not exaggerated, occipital crest.
  • Expression: The expression is one of attentiveness and intelligence. The gaze is often described as keen and lively, reflecting the alertness inherent in a hunting breed.
  • Eyes: Oval in shape and set well apart, the eyes are of medium size. The color typically ranges from ochre to hazelnut, and in some cases even darker, depending on the coat’s color. The eyelids fit closely, with the rims self-pigmented.
  • Ears: One of the most distinctive features of the breed, the ears are set high, triangular in shape, and stand erect. They are medium in size, with a base that is broad, and they taper gently to a slightly rounded point.
  • Muzzle: The muzzle is strong, slightly shorter than the skull, and tapers towards the nose without becoming pointy. The nasal bridge is straight.
  • Nose: The nose is in line with the muzzle and is well-developed. The color typically complements that of the coat, described as self-colored.
  • Bite: The Cirneco dell’Etna possesses a scissor bite, where the upper incisors closely overlap the lower incisors and are set square to the jaws. The jaws are strong and have large, evenly spaced teeth.

Close-up head photo of a Cirneco dell'Etna.

Tail

The tail of the Cirneco dell’Etna is set low and follows the natural line of the croup. In terms of length, it extends to the hocks or slightly below. When the dog is at rest, the tail is usually relaxed and hanging, though it may showcase a slight curve. However, when the Cirneco is in motion or alert, the tail is raised higher but it never curls over the back.

The tail is thick at the base and tapers towards the tip, thus accentuating the dog’s overall elegance as well as its usefulness when the hound is in pursuit of its quarry.

The Cirneco dell’Etna – What to Consider?

Owning a Cirneco dell’Etna brings with it the joy of companionship with a breed that is both ancient and full of energy. This graceful hunter, with its rich Sicilian heritage, offers a blend of loyalty, intelligence, and agility. However, potential owners should be aware of the breed’s specific needs, stemming from its historical role and inherent characteristics.

Home Life

Interaction With Family

The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate

Good With Other Dogs

The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs

Good With Young Children

The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children

Upkeep

Amount Of Shedding

The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High

Frequency Of Grooming

The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily

Amount Of Drooling

The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High

Coat Type

smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly

Coat Length

short
medium
long

Behavior

Personality

Trainability Level

The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager

Barking Level

The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal

Energy Level

The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody

Need For Mental Stimulation

The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction

Cirneco dell’Etna Health

The Cirneco dell’Etna, by virtue of its active hunting past, is generally a robust and healthy breed. Proper care, a balanced diet, and regular check-ups can provide any dog of this breed the opportunity to enjoy a healthy life.

Lifespan: On average, the Cirneco dell’Etna has a lifespan of 12 to 14 years, although with optimal care, some can be expected to live even longer.

Potential Health Risks

As with all breeds and mixed breeds, the Cirneco dell’Etna can be predisposed to certain health issues. While it is generally a healthy breed, being aware of the risks can lead to early detection and management.

  • Hip Dysplasia: This is a condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, leading to arthritis and potential pain. Regular check-ups, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help to manage this condition.
  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a genetic condition that affects the retina, leading to deteriorating vision and potential blindness over time. Regular eye exams and screenings can help in early detection and management of PRA.
  • Patellar Luxation: Common in many smaller breeds, this refers to the dislocation of the kneecap, which can be congenital or caused by trauma.
  • Ear Infections: The breed’s erect ears can sometimes be prone to infections if not cleaned regularly.

Routine veterinary check-ups, at least once a year, are essential to monitor and address these risks in a Cirneco dell’Etna. However, many conditions, it should be noted, can be managed or even prevented by providing appropriate care throughout a dog’s lifetime.

Cirneco dell’Etna Personality

The Cirneco dell’Etna, hailing from the volcanic landscape of Sicily, possesses a personality that’s both captivating and multifaceted. At its core, this breed is marked by its hunting heritage, revealing an astute and vigilant nature. However, as a companion, the Cirneco presents a delightful blend of affection and loyalty.

For those new to dog ownership, the Cirneco dell’Etna can be a welcoming introduction. The breed’s inherent gentleness, paired with a notable eagerness to please, renders these hounds quite amenable to even novice handlers. Yet, it’s crucial to approach their training with consistency to nurture their best traits.

This breed displays a medium sensitivity level. Cirnechi establish deep bonds with their human counterparts and exhibit a warmth that’s palpable. However, it’s worth noting that they can be a tad anxious if confronted with abrupt changes in their environment or if they’re treated harshly.

Given their historical backdrop as pack hunters, Cirnechi inherently gravitate in the direction of companionship. Prolonged solitude isn’t their preference, and there’s a potential for them to manifest signs of separation anxiety if left alone for extended durations.

The breed’s interactions with other dogs are typically harmonious, a testament to this dog’s sociable disposition. Yet, the hunting instincts of the breed may occasionally surface, especially when these dogs encounter smaller animals, warranting vigilant supervision.

When it comes to children, Cirnechi are remarkably gentle, establishing them as fitting family pets. This gentleness, however, shouldn’t negate the importance of overseeing any interactions between the dog and young ones.

In terms of their reception of unfamiliar faces, Cirnechi tend to be somewhat reserved. They don’t naturally exhibit aggression toward strangers, but early socialization can further refine their comfort around new people.

Cirneco dell’Etna Feeding & Nutrition

Ensuring that the Cirneco dell’Etna receives the right nutrition is paramount to the dog’s health, energy levels, and overall well-being. Derived from an environment that often tested the breed’s endurance and agility, these dogs have specific dietary needs that should be met to keep them at their best.

Feeding a Cirneco puppy requires special attention. In the growth phase, puppies have higher energy requirements, so it’s crucial to offer them a balanced diet rich in proteins and essential nutrients to support their developing muscles and bones. Puppy-specific formulations, which are dense in nutrients, are often recommended until they reach adulthood.

As the Cirneco matures into an adult, dietary needs will change. Adult Cirnechi typically require a balanced diet that supports an active lifestyle but doesn’t lead to unnecessary weight gain. It’s important to make sure the food provided offers a proper balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, accompanied by essential vitamins and minerals.

Regarding the amount of food that’s given, the specific quantity can vary based on the dog’s age, weight, activity level, and metabolism. On average, an adult Cirneco might require about 1 to 1.5 cups of high-quality dry dog food per day, divided into two meals. However, this is a general guideline, and it’s always advisable to consult with a veterinarian to determine the ideal portion size for an individual dog.

Being naturally lean and athletic, Cirnechi dell’Etna should maintain an optimal weight to ensure they remain agile and healthy. Regularly monitoring the dog’s weight and adjusting its food intake, especially if it seems less active, can prevent potential health issues linked to obesity.

Cirneco dell’Etna Training

Training a Cirneco dell’Etna offers a rewarding experience, reflecting the breed’s sharp intellect and eagerness to please. Originating from Sicily’s challenging terrain, where these hounds were employed as hunters, Cirnechi have developed a keen sense of observation and quick decision-making, attributes that come to the forefront during training sessions.

For those curious about the ease of training, the Cirneco fares quite well. The breed’s natural intelligence and willingness to cooperate often make the training process a smooth experience. However, it’s essential to approach training with patience and positive reinforcement. These dogs respond best to gentle, reward-based training methods, which can foster a deeper bond between the dog and the trainer.

Regarding their tendency to vocalize, Cirnechi dell-Etna are not excessively noisy. They might alert their owners to unfamiliar sounds or unexpected visitors, but they generally aren’t known for needless barking. Nonetheless, early training can curb any undesirable vocal habits and encourage them to bark only when necessary.

The breed’s intelligence shines brightly, making the Cirneco a quick learner. These dogs can grasp commands and tricks with relative ease, often surprising their owners with their adeptness. Engaging in activities that challenge their intellect can not only make training sessions more productive, it also enhances their mental well-being and happiness.

Wanderlust is a facet of owning this breed that’s worthy of consideration, given the Cirneco’s hunting background. While these hounds are loyal and usually stay close to their owners, the allure of following a scent or chasing a small animal can sometimes be too tempting. Hence, it’s crucial to have a secure environment, like a fenced yard, and to reinforce recall commands from a young age.

Lastly, addressing the aspect of predation, the Cirneco dell’Etna’s hunting lineage means these dogs have a pronounced prey drive. While they coexist harmoniously with family pets, smaller animals might trigger their chasing instinct. Early socialization and training can mitigate this, but it’s always recommended to be vigilant in environments where smaller animals are present.

Cirneco dell’Etna Exercise

Exercise plays a pivotal role in the life of a Cirneco dell’Etna. The breed’s hunting lineage, combined with a naturally agile and athletic disposition, means these hounds thrive with regular physical activity, ensuring they remain both physically and mentally stimulated.

Exercise Expectations

Energy Level Medium
Exercise Requirements 1 Hour/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Daily Exercise, Playing with Other Dogs, Mental Stimulation

The exercise needs of the Cirneco are moderate to high. These dogs enjoy a good run, making them excellent jogging or hiking companions. Their stamina, inherited from their days of hunting in the challenging landscapes of sunny Sicily, allows them to sustain prolonged activity without tiring easily.

Regarding their energy level, Cirnechi dell-Etna are dynamic and spirited, especially during puppyhood. This zest for life is evident in their playful antics and their keenness to engage in interactive games. Whether it’s a game of fetch, a brisk walk, or training for a dog sport, they always approach each activity with enthusiasm.

The intensity of the breed during exercise sessions is a balanced mix of ease and agility. While they can exhibit bursts of speed, especially when chasing after something, Cirnechi can also be content with more leisurely activities. It’s this adaptable nature that makes them suitable companions for various types of owners, from those who enjoy active outdoor pursuits to those who prefer more relaxed walks.

Playfulness is another defining trait of the Cirneco dell’Etna. They cherish playtime, be it with their human family or fellow canine friends. Toys, puzzle games, and interactive playtime can be a great way to keep them engaged and strengthen the bond between the dog and its favorite human companions.

Cirneco dell’Etna Grooming

Maintaining the appearance and health of a Cirneco dell’Etna requires minimal effort to keep the dog happy and healthy. Fortunately, the grooming process for this breed is relatively straightforward, allowing both novice and experienced dog owners to keep their Cirnechi looking their best.

Grooming Expectations

Coat Type Short to Semi-Long, Sleek, Fine to Slightly Coarse
Grooming Requirements