Dachshund Dog Breed

About the Dachshund

The Dachshund, affectionately referred to as the “doxie” (or “wiener dog” or “sausage dog” due to its unique and easily recognizable shape), has captivated hearts around the world. Originating from Germany, this breed was initially designed for hunting small to medium-sized game, particularly badgers. Its distinctive physique, characterized by a long back and short legs, served it well in navigating narrow burrows. Today, the Dachshund remains a beloved family companion, celebrated both for its unique appearance and its spirited demeanor.

AKC Group

Hound

Height

5-9 Inches

Weight

Under 32 Pounds

Lifespan

12-16 Years

History of the Dachshund

The Dachshund, with its distinctive physique and spirited demeanor, boasts a rich history that spans centuries. This breed’s tale is woven with threads of courage, hunting prowess, and a unique physique, earning it the admiration of people around the world.

Originating in Germany, the Dachshund’s name itself provides a clue to its primary function: Dachs translates to “badger” in German, while hund means “dog.” Crafted for their fearless nature and agile build, these dogs were initially bred for badger hunting. The breed’s elongated body and short legs allowed the Dachshund to dig into badger dens, while its robust and courageous temperament equipped it to take on such a formidable opponent.

Over time, variations in the Dachshund’s size were developed to suit different hunting needs. While the standard-sized dog pursued badgers and wild boar, the miniature version was used for hunting small game like hares.

The Dachshund wasn’t solely confined to the forests and fields of Germany. By the 1800s, the breed had piqued the interest of dog enthusiasts in other parts of Europe and soon made its way to the United States. Its unique appearance, combined with its spirited nature, made the Dachshund popular both as a hunting partner and family companion.

The 20th century saw the Dachshund’s popularity rise and fall. During the World Wars and in the years that followed, anti-German sentiment negatively impacted the breed’s popularity. However, its many charms were undeniable, and it wasn’t long before the Doxie found itself back in the hearts of dog lovers everywhere.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) granted the breed official recognition in the early 1900s. Similarly, the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and The Royal Kennel Club (UK) have long recognized the Dachshund for its distinctive appearance and spirited demeanor.

Today, the Dachshund stands not just as a testament to specialized breeding for hunting but as a beloved companion in countless households. The breed’s journey from the dense forests of Germany to the cozy living rooms of families worldwide is a testimony to its adaptability, charisma, and enduring appeal.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

A Dachshund can be categorized based on its size: Miniature or Standard. A mature Standard Dachshund typically measures around 8 to 9 inches tall at the shoulder, with males weighing between 16 and 32 pounds and females usually ranging from 16 to 28 pounds. Adult Miniature Dachshunds are notably smaller, standing around 5 to 6 inches tall at the shoulder, with both males and females generally weighing less than 11 pounds at 12 months of age. In Germany, a third size is also recognized. Adult “Rabbit” Dachshunds generally weigh up to 7.7 pounds for males and 6.6 pounds for females.

Proportion & Substance

The Dachshund’s elongated body and short legs are characteristics that are not produced merely for aesthetic appeal. They serve a functional purpose rooted in the breed’s history as a hunting dog. The unique silhouette makes it immediately clear that this is a dog designed for function, and its well-balanced height-to-length ratio ensures that, even with a long and low to ground body, the Dachshund can move in a fluid and robust manner.

A well-muscled body is evidence of the Dachshund’s origins as a tenacious worker. Its compact yet robust form is sturdy, ensuring the ability to navigate tight spaces during hunting escapades. Substance, combined with the dog’s unique proportions, embodies the essence of the breed; a powerful hunter in a compact frame.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Dachshund boasts three distinct coat varieties: Smooth, Longhaired, and Wirehaired. Each presents its own charms and texture:

• Smooth: This single coat is short, smooth, and shiny, hugging the body closely.
• Longhaired: Characterized by a sleek, slightly wavy texture, this single coat is longer than the smooth variety, especially noticeable on the ears, neck, undersides, and tail.
• Wirehaired (Teckel): The roughest of the three, this double coat is dense and short with a wiry texture. Often, Wirehaired Dachshunds have bushy eyebrows and a beard.

The Dachshund comes in a vibrant palette of colors:

Unacceptable (Fad) Color & Pattern: The following color/pattern is unacceptable in the Dachshund:

• Double-Dapple: A dapple (merle) coat with white on the nose, neck, feet, and tail.

A Note About Color: The most common Dachshund colors are wild boar, black & tan, and various shades of red. Wild boar, also called agouti, has banding of the individual hairs and is most common on the Wirehaired variety. Tan points may or may not be evident, and variations include red boar and chocolate-and-tan boar. The nose, nails, and eye rims are black on these colors and self-colored on chocolate-and tanboar dogs. Except for Piebalds, white hair may appear only on the chest, although it is not desirable.

Head

The head of the Dachshund is elegantly shaped and carried confidently, symbolizing the breed’s keen sense of alertness and determination.

• Skull: The skull is slightly arched, neither too broad nor too narrow. It tapers gradually towards the tip of the nose, with a barely perceptible stop.
• Expression: The breed has an alert and intelligent expression, which characterizes its curiosity. The eyes gleam with a playful yet determined spirit.
• Eyes: Medium in size and almond-shaped, the Dachshund’s eyes are set obliquely. The color can vary, but it generally complements the coat’s hue, giving a harmonious look. Wall eyes are a serious fault, except in Dappled dogs, and unacceptable in Piebald dogs.
• Ears: Set near the top of the head, the ears are of moderate length and rounded at the tip. They hang close to the head, gracefully framing the face.
• Muzzle: Strong and elongated, the muzzle provides the Dachshund with a powerful bite. It is finely formed, neither too long nor too short, with a slightly Roman appearance.
• Nose: Depending on the color of the coat, the nose is either black or self-colored to match the coat. The nostrils are well open, emphasizing the breed’s keen sense of smell.
• Bite: The Dachshund has a scissors bite, where the upper incisors fit precisely over the lower, ensuring a strong and effective grip.

Tail

The Dachshund’s tail is a continuation of its spine, extending without any pronounced curvature. It’s set and carried in line with the topline, neither drooping nor raised. The tail is well-balanced, not too thick or thin, and tapers towards the tip. Its length reaches the hock joints when extended.

Covered uniformly with the same coat type as the rest of the body, the tail can display markings or patterns that match the body’s coloration. The Dachshund’ tail is a distinctive breed feature, providing balance and adding length to the breed’s unique silhouette.

One of the unique aspects of the Dachshund is that the breed’s coat can come in three varieties: Smooth, Longhaired, and Wirehaired. Each variety has its own specific grooming requirements.

For Smooth Dachshunds, grooming is relatively straightforward. This variety’s short, sleek coat benefits from regular brushing, ideally once a week, to remove loose hair and distribute natural oils. This not only keeps the coat shiny, it also reduces the amount of shedding.

Longhaired Dachshunds, on the other hand, have a silky, flowing coat that requires more attention. To prevent tangles and matting, this variety should be brushed several times a week. Additionally, occasional trims, especially around the ears, legs, and tail, can help to maintain an elegant appearance.

Wirehaired Dachshunds present a unique grooming challenge. This variety’s coarse coat is dense and needs regular brushing to remove dead hair and prevent matting. Moreover, Wires benefit from a process called “hand-stripping” to maintain the coat’s texture and color. This involves plucking out the old, dead hair, thus making way for new growth.

Regardless of the coat type, other grooming essentials for the Dachshund include regular nail trims, ear cleaning, and dental care. Keeping the nails short will prevent potential foot problems, and clean ears will ward off a variety of infections. As with all breeds, oral hygiene is crucial, so regular tooth brushing or dental chews can help to support healthy teeth and gums.

Living with a Dachshund

The Dachshund, with its small size and adaptable nature, makes for a versatile companion suitable for various living conditions. However, understanding the breed’s specific needs can ensure every dog thrives in its environment.

Apartment living is generally well-suited for the Dachshund. The breed’s compact size means it can comfortably live in smaller spaces. However, regardless of the dwelling’s size, regular exercise remains a must to keep the dog physically healthy and mentally stimulated.

When considering the climate, Dachshunds are relatively adaptable. The breed can manage in cold weather, especially the Longhaired and Wirehaired varieties which have a protective coat. However, precautions should be taken during extreme periods of cold, such as providing them with a warm doggy sweater or limiting their outdoor time. On the flip side, in hot weather, it’s essential to provide them with a cool, shaded place to rest and avoid midday walks when the sun is at its peak.

Dachshunds, with their hunting lineage, have a natural curiosity. This means they can often be found exploring their surroundings. A safe, secure yard or garden can become paradise, allowing the dogs to sniff and roam freely. However, it’s vital to guarantee that the area is escape-proof, as the Dachshund’s digging instincts and smaller size can lead them to find unexpected exit routes.

Inside the home, care should be taken to ensure the Dachshund’s safety, especially considering its elongated back. Avoid allowing these dogs to jump off high furniture, and make sure that stairways are always navigated safely. Some Dachshund owners opt for ramps or steps to assist their pets with accessing higher places without risk.

Dachshund Puppies

There’s a special kind of joy that Dachshund puppies bring. With their floppy ears, curious eyes, and playful antics, these lively little “weiners” have a way of quickly becoming the center of attention. However, as with all puppies, the early stages of a Doxie’s life are crucial for their development and well-being.

Caring for a Dachshund Puppy

Welcoming a Dachshund puppy into the home is an exciting experience filled with energetic play and heartwarming moments. Providing the spirited little one with proper care during the formative weeks and months is vital for its overall development and happiness.

Proper nutrition is essential for raising a healthy Dachshund puppy. The breed’s unique body structure demands a diet that promotes strong bone and joint development. Opting for specialized puppy formulas, particularly those tailored for small breeds, can provide each puppy with the right balance of nutrients that is crucial for steady growth.

As the Dachshund puppy begins to explore the world, early socialization becomes paramount. Introducing the pup to a variety of sights, sounds, people, and other animals in a positive manner helps to shape its temperament, making the youngster more confident and well-adjusted as it grows.

While every puppy is undeniably endearing, each comes equipped with a sharp mind and a touch of stubbornness. Starting basic obedience training early can help to channel the puppy’s intelligence in the right direction, laying the foundation for a well-behaved adult Dachshund.

Safety is another significant aspect of puppy care. The adventurous spirit of a Dachshund puppy can lead it into unexpected nooks and crannies. It’s essential to puppy-proof the home, ensuring potential hazards, small objects, and toxic substances are always out of reach.

Consistent health checks play a crucial role in these early stages. Regular visits to the vet provide each puppy with vital vaccinations, deworming treatments, and overall health evaluations. These preventive measures set the stage for a long and healthy life.

Lastly, the importance of an early grooming routine can’t be overstated. Introducing a Dachshund puppy to gentle brushing and occasional baths will not only keep it looking its best, it will also acclimatize the pup to the grooming process, making future sessions a pleasure for both dog and groomer.

Dachshund Activities & Dog Sports

The Dachshund, with its hunting origins and spirited nature, enjoys a variety of activities that not only keep it physically fit but also mentally stimulated. Here are some activities and dog sports in which the breed often excels:

• Earthdog Trials: Given the Dachshund’s history as a badger hunter, these dogs have a natural inclination for Earthdog Trials. This sport tests the dog’s ability to tunnel and navigate through underground pathways while in pursuit of quarry (usually rats that are safely secured in a cage and are never harmed).
• Agility: Despite the breed’s small stature, Dachshunds can enjoy competing in Agility Trials. Navigating through tunnels, weaving through poles, and hopping over low jumps can provide both fun and exercise for them.
• Scent Work: This breed typically has a keen sense of smell, and Scent Work activities allow Doxies to harness that innate skill. They can be trained to detect specific scents, making this a stimulating game for them.
• Obedience Trials: With proper training, Dachshunds can compete in Obedience Trials. While they are known for their independent streak, consistent training can yield impressive results in Obedience competitions.
• Conformation Shows: These competitive events spotlight the dog’s adherence to its Breed Standard, with a focus on its physical attributes, movement, and temperament. Dog shows are fun and a great place to connect with breeders.
• Fetch and Play: At heart, Doxies are playful dogs. A simple game of fetch or an interactive toy can provide both entertainment and a good workout.
• Walking and Exploration: Regular walks, especially in areas where they can explore and sniff, can be a source of joy for Dachshunds. The breed’s curiosity makes them eager and energetic explorers.
• Dachshund Races: While it’s essential to always ensure a dog’s safety, many communities hold playful Dachshund races. These events encourage camaraderie among the doggy enthusiasts rather than serious competition.

Engaging a Dachshund in these activities can provide a well-rounded exercise routine that caters to the dog’s physical and mental needs. It’s essential to remember, however, that due to the breed’s unique body structure, activities should be approached with safety in mind, ensuring no undue stress is placed on the dog’s back and legs.

Group Classification & Standards

The Dachshund is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

The ideal Dachshund is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Dachshund Clubs

Breed clubs play a pivotal role in promoting, preserving, and educating enthusiasts about the Dachshund. These organizations are committed to the breed’s health and well-being, and to upholding the Breed Standards, ensuring its rich history and distinctive qualities are celebrated for generations to come.

In the United States, the most prominent organization dedicated to this breed is the Dachshund Club of America (DCA). Established with a commitment to advancing the interests of the breed, the DCA holds various events, provides education, and offers resources to breeders, exhibitors, and owners.

In the United Kingdom, the Dachshund Club stands as one of the oldest breed clubs, having been established in the late 19th century. It remains an influential voice in matters concerning the breed, from sponsoring health initiatives to holding competitive events.

Membership or affiliation with these clubs can be an invaluable resource for any Dachshund enthusiast. These organizations provide opportunities for networking, learning, and participating in events that celebrate the many facets of this remarkable breed.

Dachshund Rescue Groups

Rescue groups play a vital role in providing second chances to Dachshunds that have been displaced, abandoned, or surrendered. Their commitment goes beyond rehoming; they also focus on rehabilitation, medical care, and ensuring that each dog finds a loving and appropriate home.

Across the United States, there are numerous rescue groups dedicated to the breed. Dachshund Rescue of North America (DRNA) is one of the foremost organizations committed to the rescue, rehabilitation, and rehoming of Dachshunds. Their network of volunteers stretches across the country, providing Dachshunds in need with loving homes.

Another notable organization is the All American Dachshund Rescue (AADR). This group has made considerable strides in rehoming dogs across the country and also provides education and resources for prospective adopters.

In addition to these national organizations, there are numerous local and state-specific rescue groups that tirelessly work for the well-being of the breed. Adopting a Dachshund not only provides a home for a dog in need, it also creates space for other Dachshunds in need of loving care as they transition to their forever homes.

Dachshund Facts

• Noble Companions: Dachshunds have found favor among royalty and famous personalities throughout history. Queen Victoria of England famously declared her love for the breed, while American writer E.B. White was charmed by a Dachshund named Fred.
• Literary Inspiration: Dachshunds have been the subject and inspiration of several literary works. They’ve graced the pages of novels and children’s books, and have been the muse for many poets.
• Versatile Hunters: While primarily known for hunting badgers, the Dachshund’s keen sense of smell and determined nature also made the breed efficient at hunting foxes, rabbits, and even trailing wounded deer.
• Cultural Icons: The Dachshund’s unique appearance has made it a popular symbol in art, advertising, and pop culture. The breed has been featured in movies and television commercials, and has even been the mascot for various cultural events.
• Resilient Nature: Despite the breed’s smaller size, Dachshunds are known for their courageous and sometimes stubborn nature. Their determination was bred for hunting, and this often shines through even in domestic settings, making these dogs endearing, and occasionally challenging, companions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is the Dachshund a good family dog?

The Dachshund can be an excellent family dog when introduced to a home environment that understands the breed’s unique temperament. Dachshunds are often affectionate and playful, and they can get along well with children, especially if raised with them from a young age. However, it’s crucial for families to make sure the children handle Dachshunds gently to avoid injuring the dogs’ long backs.

Are Dachshunds loyal to one person?

Dachshunds are known for their loyalty and can sometimes become particularly attached to one family member. While they can bond with the entire family, they often select a “favorite” person whom they follow around and display a deeper connection with. However, with consistent socialization and interaction, they can become more evenly affectionate with all family members.

Can a Dachshund be left alone?

Like many dogs, most Dachshunds prefer company and can suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for extended periods. If it’s necessary to leave a Dachshund alone regularly, it’s essential to ensure it has toys and activities to keep it occupied. Training and gradual acclimation to alone time can also reduce stress and destructive behaviors.

Do Dachshunds bark a lot?

Dachshunds have a robust bark for their size, a trait inherited from their early days spent alerting hunters to their quarry. They can be quite vocal and are often quick to bark at unfamiliar noises or visitors. Training and early socialization can help to manage these barking tendencies.

Do Dachshunds dig?

Yes, Dachshunds are natural diggers. Their original purpose was to hunt burrowing animals, and this digging instinct remains strong. It’s not uncommon to find a Doxie digging in the yard or even burrowing into blankets or sofa cushions.

Do Dachshunds bite?

While any dog can bite under certain circumstances, Dachshunds are not inherently aggressive. However, they can be protective and, sometimes, more than a bit stubborn. Proper training, socialization, and understanding their signals and needs can greatly reduce the risk of biting incidents.

Are Dachshunds high or low maintenance?

The maintenance level for a Dachshund can vary based on a dog’s size and coat type. Smooth Dachshunds require minimal grooming, making them relatively low maintenance in that aspect. By contrast, Longhaired and Wirehaired Dachshunds need more regular grooming. In terms of temperament and behavior, the breed’s lively and sometimes headstrong nature often requires consistent training and constant attention.