Newfoundland Dog Breed

About the Newfoundland

The Newfoundland, or “Newfie” as it is called by its many friends, is a majestic purebred known for its gentle disposition and impressive size. Originating from the Canadian island of Newfoundland, these dogs are natural water rescuers, renowned for their strength and swimming abilities. They possess a sweet-natured temperament, making them excellent family companions as well as reliable working dogs. Newfies are characterized by their thick, water-resistant coat and their large, bear-like appearance, embodying a perfect combination of strength, dignity, and sincerity.

AKC Group

Working

Height

26 – 28 Inches

Weight

100 – 150 Pounds

Lifespan

9 – 10 Years

History of the Newfoundland

The Newfoundland has a rich and storied history, rooted in its namesake province, the island of Newfoundland off the Atlantic coast of Canada. Originally bred and utilized by the island’s fishermen, Newfoundlands were esteemed for their incredible strength, swimming ability, and temperament, which made them ideal for the harsh conditions of the North Atlantic.

The exact origins of the breed are somewhat murky, with theories suggesting a mix of indigenous dogs and those brought to the island by European fishermen, possibly including Portuguese Water Dogs, Great Pyrenees, and even Mastiffs. Over time, these various breeds intermingled, leading to the development of the Newfoundland breed as it is known today.

Renowned for their water rescue abilities, Newfoundlands have a storied history of saving lives at sea. Their dense, water-resistant coat, webbed feet, and immense strength made them superbly suited for water rescues and other maritime activities. They were also used for hauling nets and carts, further showcasing their versatility and work ethic.

The breed’s reputation for gentleness and loyalty was cemented in the 19th century when it gained popularity in England. It was during this time that a Breed Standard began to take shape, with an emphasis on the Newfie’s large size, sweet disposition, and working ability.

The breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in the early 20th century. It has since become a beloved companion and working dog in the United States and around the world, participating in a variety of activities and dog sports such as Water Rescue and Therapy Dog work.

The Newfoundland’s historical roles have shaped much of the breed’s character. Today the breed remains renowned for its gentle nature, strength, and affinity for water, making it unique both in the world of working dogs. The Newfoundland’s historical significance, and the roles it has played in the lives of people across centuries, continues to endear the breed to dog enthusiasts who appreciate a purebred with a heart as big as its body.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

Newfoundlands are known for their impressive size. On average, adult males measure about 28 inches tall at the shoulder, and mature females average a height of around 26 inches.

In terms of weight, male Newfoundlands typically weigh between 130 and 150 pounds. Females, being a bit smaller, generally weigh from 100 to 120 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

Newfoundlands are large, well-balanced dogs with a sturdy frame. They exhibit substantial bone that is essential for the breed’s original work as a draft animal and water rescuer. Despite its size, the breed is well known for its harmonious proportions that allow the dog to swim with extraordinary endurance. The Newfie’s body is slightly longer than it is tall, measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttocks and from the withers to the ground. The breed’s overall substance is one of great strength and power, yet the dog retains an ease of movement.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The double coat of the Newfoundland offers exceptional protection in cold, harsh weather and in icy water. The undercoat is soft and dense, whereas the water-resistant outer coat is coarse and moderately long, and may be either straight or wavy. The top coat lies flat against the body. It is short and fine on the face and muzzle, but the backs of the legs are feathered and the tail is covered in long, dense hair.

A Note About Color: The Newfoundland’s coat may be black, brown, gray, or white and black. White dogs with black markings are known as “Landseers.” Solid-colored dogs may have white on the chin, chest, toes, and tip of the tail, and the coat may appear tinged with bronze on black and gray dogs. Likewise, lighter furnishings are common on gray and brown dogs. No other colors and markings are acceptable in the breed.

Markings: White Markings

Head

• Skull: The Newfoundland boasts a massive head, with a well-developed brow that conceals a moderate stop. The skull is broad, with a slightly arched crown and prominent occiput, and well-developed cheeks, all of which contribute to the breed’s soft and dignified appearance.
• Expression: Characterized by a friendly and intelligent expression, the face radiates warmth and approachability. The expression is largely shaped by the eyes, which convey a sense of benevolence and kindness.
• Eyes: The breed’s eyes are one of its most captivating features. They are deep-set, dark brown, and spaced widely, adding character to the dog’s expression. The eyes reflect a calm and gentle demeanor, typical of the Newfoundland.
• Ears: The ears are rather small, triangular in shape with rounded tips, and set slightly above the brow and close to the head. This positioning contributes to a refined and sophisticated look, harmonizing with the overall size and shape of the head.
• Muzzle: The muzzle is both deep and broad, providing a balance with the size of the skull. Its length is slightly less than that of the skull, with a straight or only slightly arched bridge.
• Nose: The nose is large with well-opened nostrils. It is black, on black and white and black dogs, and self-colored on brown and gray dogs. Notably, the nose typically retains its pigmentation even in colder climates, a unique feature that underscores the breed’s adaptability to its native environment.
• Bite: The Newfoundland has a level or a scissors bite, where the upper incisors closely overlap the lower incisors and are set squarely within the jaws. The bite reflects the breed’s ability to hold items in the water.

Tail

The tail of the Newfoundland is an extension of its topline, set on the natural line of the croup. It is strong and broad at the base, reaching to the hocks without any kinks. The tail hangs straight down or with a slight curve when the dog is relaxed. In motion, the tail is carried straight out and should never curl over the back. Its length and carriage are important aspects of the Newfie’s silhouette, reflecting the breed’s strength on land and acting like a rudder in the water.

The Newfoundland – What to Consider?

Owning a Newfoundland is a rewarding experience for those who appreciate a large, gentle companion. This breed requires careful consideration and understanding of its unique needs to ensure a harmonious living environment for both the dog and its human partner.

Newfoundland Health

The Newfoundland is generally a healthy and sturdy breed, equipped with a robust frame that can handle various physical activities. Despite the breed’s inherent strength, some Newfies, as with all breeds and mixed breeds, are prone to certain health conditions. It is crucial for future owners and caretakers to be aware of these risks and to collaborate closely with a reputable breeder and a veterinarian who is familiar with the breed.

Lifespan: Typically, the average lifespan of a Newfoundland ranges from 9 to 10 years. However, with attentive care, regular veterinary check-ups, and proper nutrition, many Newfies enjoy a quality life well into their teens.

Potential Health Risks for Newfoundlands

The Newfoundland, despite its soundness, is predisposed to some health concerns, including:

• Hip Dysplasia: A condition common in larger breeds, hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joint that can lead to pain and arthritis. Regular health screenings are recommended to identify and manage this condition early on.
• Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia involves an improper formation of the elbow joint, potentially causing discomfort and lameness.
• Heart Conditions: Newfoundlands are predisposed to certain heart conditions such as subaortic stenosis (SAS) and dilated cardiomyopathy. Routine heart check-ups are crucial for early detection and treatment.
• Cystinuria: This is hereditary kidney disorder that can lead to the formation of cystine stones in the urinary system. Monitoring kidney function and urine tests are important for early identification.
• Gastric Torsion (Bloat): Large breeds like the Newfoundland are at risk for bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach rapidly expands with gas and fluid. Awareness of the symptoms and immediate veterinary care can be life-saving.
• Addison’s Disease: This hormonal disorder, characterized by insufficient production of adrenal hormones, can affect Newfoundlands. Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, and weight loss.

Owners should also be vigilant of any signs of discomfort or unusual behaviors in their Newfoundland, as early intervention can make a significant difference in managing any health issue. Regular veterinary check-ups, and responsible breeding practices, are crucial for mitigating health issues in the Newfie.

Newfoundland Personality

The personality of the Newfoundland is often described as gentle, patient, and amiable. This can make the breed an excellent companion, especially in households with children. The Newfie’s immense size is matched by an equally big heart, characterized by a calm and affectionate nature. Newfoundlands are typically good with other dogs and pets, demonstrating their typically sociable and tolerant demeanor. They are known for their loyalty and attachment to their human companions, and they often form strong bonds with their families.

However, due to the Newfoundland’s size and strength, early socialization and training are essential to make sure this giant canine is well-behaved and manageable. These dogs are generally not recommended for novice dog owners, as their size alone requires a handler who can confidently manage a large breed. Despite their size, Newfoundlands are sensitive and respond well to positive, reward-based training methods.

When it comes to being left alone, Newfoundlands can manage short periods on their own but thrive on companionship. They generally prefer to be with their families at all times. Although they are not known for being particularly dog aggressive, individual temperaments will vary just as with any breed. Typically, Newfies are friendly toward strangers, though they may exhibit a protective nature if they perceive a threat to their family.

Newfoundland Feeding & Nutrition

Feeding and nutrition are critical components in the care of a Newfoundland. Given their large size, these dogs have specific dietary needs to maintain their health and energy levels. It’s important for caretakers to provide a well-balanced diet that supports their substantial build and active lifestyle.

When feeding Newfoundland puppies, it’s essential to focus on controlled growth. Puppies should be fed a large-breed specific formula that promotes steady, healthy development. Overfeeding can lead to rapid growth, putting undue stress on their bones and joints. A gradual transition to adult food is recommended around 18 months of age.

For adult Newfoundlands, their diet should be tailored to their individual activity level and metabolism. Typically, an adult Newfoundland will thrive on two meals per day. The amount of food, usually measured in cups per day, will vary based on the dog’s size, age, and activity level. Caretakers should consult the feeding guidelines provided by the dog food manufacturer and adjust as needed to maintain a healthy weight.

Newfoundlands are prone to obesity, so monitoring their food intake and weight is crucial. Obesity can exacerbate health issues like joint problems and heart disease. Caretakers should regularly assess their Newfoundland’s body condition and adjust their diet accordingly. Treats should be given in moderation, and human food should be avoided to prevent nutritional imbalances and weight gain.

In addition to a balanced diet, access to fresh water at all times is essential for their health and hydration, especially after exercise or in hot weather.

Newfoundland Training

Training a Newfoundland requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of the breed’s characteristics. Known for their intelligence and eagerness to please, Newfoundlands are generally responsive to training, but their large size means that training should start early while they are still manageable. This breed benefits from gentle, positive reinforcement techniques, as they are sensitive to their handler’s tone and mood.

Despite their size, Newfoundlands are not known to be overly vocal, but they will bark to alert their family of anything unusual. It’s important to teach them when barking is appropriate through consistent training and socialization. Their intelligence and problem-solving abilities make them quick learners, but they can also develop unwanted behaviors if not properly guided.

When it comes to trainability, Newfoundlands are often eager to please, which can make the training process smoother. However, their size can be a challenge, especially for novice dog owners. Teaching basic commands like sit, stay, come, and heel is crucial, not only for obedience but also for the safety of both the dog and those around them.

Predation is not typically a strong trait in the Newfoundland breed, but like any dog, they may chase after small animals if not properly trained. Their large size can make this behavior p