Samoyed Dog Breed

About the Samoyed

The Samoyed, affectionately known as the “Sammy,” is renowned for its amiable demeanor, striking white coat, and unmistakable smile. Originating from the harsh, cold environments of Siberia, this double-coated dog was historically bred by the Samoyedic people for herding reindeer, hunting, and hauling sleds. Its plush coat not only serves as protection against cold temperatures, it is also a hallmark of the breed. The Sammy possesses an innate affability, making it a treasured companion for families and active singles. Furthermore, the Samoyed’s resilience and versatility enable it to excel in a variety of roles, from sledding and herding to that of a loyal and loving companion. A glance into the eyes of a Samoyed reveals the breed’s gentle, alert, and intelligent nature, attributes that have endeared it to many around the globe.

AKC Group

Working

Height

19 – 23.5 Inches

Weight

35 – 65 Pounds

Lifespan

12 – 14 Years

History of the Samoyed

The story of the Samoyed dates back to the ancient tribes of the Siberian north. These dogs are named after the Samoyedic people, a group of semi-nomadic tribes from Northern Siberia who relied heavily on these canines for various tasks essential for their survival.

Originating on the vast, frigid plains of Siberia, the primary purpose of the Samoyed was far more than just companionship. These dogs were versatile workers. They herded reindeer, assisted in hunting, and most importantly, pulled sleds across the expansive snowy terrains. Their close relationship with the Samoyedic people, however, wasn’t just out of necessity; they were often regarded as family members, sometimes even sharing sleeping quarters with their human counterparts, providing warmth during the bitterly cold nights.

This bond between the people and their Samoyeds created a dog with an exceptional temperament: friendly, sociable, and eager to cooperate. The breed’s white, fluffy coat wasn’t just for show—it was a crucial adaptation to the icy Siberian weather, providing insulation against the cold and reflecting heat during the brief summer months.

The Samoyed began to gain recognition outside of Siberia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when Europeans started to venture into the polar regions. These explorers recognized the invaluable skills of the breed, especially their sled-pulling capabilities, and brought them back home and, eventually, to other parts of the world.

In terms of official recognition, the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the Samoyed in 1906, while The Royal Kennel Club (UK) granted recognition a bit earlier, in the late 19th century. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) also lists the Samoyed among its many recognized breeds.

From its beginnings in the snow-covered landscapes of Siberia to the show rings and living rooms around the globe, the Samoyed has traveled a long and rich journey, carrying its signature smile every step of the way.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

A mature male Samoyed stands between 21 and 23.5 inches tall at the shoulder, while females typically range from 19 to 21 inches in height.

Weight can vary based on size, but males generally weigh between 45 and 65 pounds, with females falling in the range of 35 to 50 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Samoyed presents a picture of balance, strength, and harmony. Neither racy nor cobby, the breed’s body is only slightly longer than it is tall. This proportion ensures efficient speed, agility, and endurance. Its substance is evident in its strong bone and muscular build, displaying power without any hint of clumsiness. A deep chest and well-sprung ribs are vital for lung capacity in harsh conditions, while the strong back and loins showcase the breed’s herding and sledding heritage.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Samoyed’s glistening coat is notably plush, featuring a dense double layer. The coat not only serves an aesthetic purpose (it can positively sparkle), it also provides the dog with essential protection against harsh and cold conditions. The coat is dense and weather-resistant, with a ruff around the neck and shoulders, and a plume on the tail. The undercoat is a kind of wool, which can be spun into yarn and used to knit beautiful woven garments.

Markings: Irregular patches of color may appear on white & biscuit coats.

A Note About Color: Samoyeds do not possess specific markings as such; however, the coat of white & biscuit dogs may present irregular patches of color, particularly on the body and ears. The biscuit coloration can appear in a dog as it matures, and the color tends to darken with age. Brindle, merle, and tri-colored coats are unacceptable in the breed.

Head

• Skull: The Samoyed’s skull is broad and slightly domed. It is wedge-shaped and narrows gradually from the ears to the eyes, forming an equilateral triangle from the inner base of the ears to the central point of the stop.
• Expression: Known for its characteristic “Sammy Smile,” the breed’s expression is gentle, alert, and friendly, often seeming to convey an air of mischief.
• Eyes: Almond-shaped and medium in size, the eyes of the Samoyed are usually dark in color. They’re set somewhat obliquely, giving the breed its uniquely alert gaze.
• Ears: The ears stand erect and are triangular in shape, with slightly rounded tips. They are of medium size, aligning in proportion with the head and body. The ears are highly mobile and well-clothed with hair.
• Muzzle: The muzzle is of medium length and breadth, tapering towards the nose. It is neither snipey nor coarse, with a lip line that curves up slightly at the corners, producing that signature “Sammy Smile.”
• Nose: Typically, the nose is black, although it can fade to a brownish color in the winter, a phenomenon often referred to as a “winter nose” or “Dudley” nose.
• Bite: The Samoyed has a strong, well-defined jaw, culminating in a scissors bite where the upper incisors neatly overlap the lower incisors. Overshot and undershot bites are not acceptable.

Tail

The tail of the Samoyed is one of the breed’s signature hallmarks. Positioned just below the level of the topline, the tail arches up and over the back or gracefully drapes to the side when the dog is in motion or is particularly alert. During moments of relaxation, it is not uncommon for the tail to hang downward. Its moderate length typically allows the tip of the tail to reach the hock or slightly below it. A distinguishing feature of the tail is its profusion of long, harsh hairs, which bestows upon it a lush, bushy appearance that provides protection from the cold. Outdoors, the tail is used to cover the head when the dog is sleeping as a way of warming the air that it breathes.

The Samoyed – What to Consider?

Sharing life with a Samoyed is a commitment that promises joy, companionship, and the occasional flurry of white hair around the house. As with any breed, understanding the Sammy’s unique requirements will go a long way towards ensuring a harmonious relationship and a well-cared-for companion.

Samoyed Health

The Samoyed, while robust and hearty due to its Siberian origins, comes with a set of health considerations that prospective owners should be aware of.

Lifespan: The average lifespan of a Samoyed ranges from 12 to 14 years, but with proper care, regular check-ups, and a balanced diet, many Sammies can thrive beyond these years.

Potential Health Risks

While Samoyeds are generally hardy canines, like all breeds and mixed breeds, they can be predisposed to certain health concerns. Some of the more common issues include:

• Hip Dysplasia: This is a condition where the thigh bone doesn’t fit snugly into the hip joint, which can lead to arthritis or pain.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This inherited eye disorder can lead to blindness. Poor night vision is often the first sign of this slow-progressing disease.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Samoyeds can be prone to diabetes, a condition that affects sugar metabolism. Daily insulin injections are required.to manage this serious condition.
• Hypothyroidism: This is a disorder of the thyroid gland. Affected dogs don’t produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to issues like obesity, infertility, or lethargy.
• Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy: A disease of the kidneys, this hereditary condition leads to renal failure, especially in affected male Samoyeds.
• Heart Issues: Some Samoyeds can develop heart conditions such as subaortic stenosis (SAS), which is a narrowing of the area below the aortic valve. Left untreated, this can reduce blood flow and lead to heart failure.
• Skin Issues: Like many dogs, Samoyeds can experience skin issues due to allergies and other ailments. Regular grooming can help to spot dermatitis and similar irritations before they become chronic problems.
• Bloat or Gastric Torsion: This is a severe condition where the dog’s stomach fills with gas and twists on itself. Bloat can be life-threatening and requires immediate veterinary intervention.

Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help to identify and manage issues early on. It’s beneficial for Samoyed owners to be proactive about their dog’s health, scheduling routine screenings and being alert to any signs of distress or abnormal behavior.

Samoyed Personality

Spending time with a Samoyed is to embrace a breed that’s known for its friendly and gentle demeanor. The Sammie is the epitome of the loyal and loving companion, making it a cherished family member in homes around the world.

For those new to dog ownership, Samoyeds can present a mix of joy and challenges. The breed’s sociable nature means the Sammy thrives in environments where it can be included in family activities. These dogs can be sensitive to their surroundings, picking up on their owners’ moods, which makes them attuned as companions but can also lead them to becoming slightly anxious in tense situations.

Being pack animals, Samoyeds enjoy the company of other dogs; however, their history as reindeer herders means early socialization is beneficial to ensure they coexist harmoniously with smaller pets. They’re generally great with young children, offering a mix of playfulness and patience. Visitors to a Sammie household are often greeted warmly, as these dogs are typically friendly toward strangers.

The strong bond they form with their human families, however, means Samoyeds don’t particularly enjoy being left alone for extended periods. Prolonged isolation can result in feelings of separation anxiety or lead to mischievous behaviors.

Samoyed Feeding & Nutrition

Proper nutrition is paramount for the Samoyed’s vitality and longevity. The breed’s dietary needs, however, will differ depending on each dog’s life stage.

For Sammie puppies, a diet that supports growth and development is essential. Puppy-specific foods are designed to provide the nutrients necessary for burgeoning bones, muscles, and organs. As the pups transition into adulthood, around the age of one, the focus shifts to maintaining a healthy weight and supporting their active lifestyle.

An average adult Samoyed typically requires between 2.5 to 3 cups of high-quality dry dog food daily, split into two meals. However, this amount can vary based on factors like age, metabolism, activity level, and overall health. It’s always crucial to consult with a veterinarian to determine the optimal feeding regimen for each individual dog.

Feeding charts, often available on dog food packaging, can provide general guidelines. However, observing a Samoyed’s condition and energy levels is key. Adjustments to a dog’s diet might be needed based on weight fluctuations and changes in activity levels.

It’s also worth noting that Samoyeds, with their thick coats, can be susceptible to overheating. Fresh water should always be readily available, especially after meals and following any strenuous physical activity.

Samoyed Training

Training a Samoyed requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of the breed’s unique character traits. Being an intelligent breed, Samoyeds are quick learners, but their independent streak can sometimes be mistaken for stubbornness. It’s essential to start training early, ideally during puppyhood, to make sure the puppy grows up to become a well-mannered adult.

Samoyeds respond best to positive reinforcement techniques. Harsh corrections or punitive methods can harm the sensitive bond shared between each dog and their person, and might even lead to behavioral issues. Instead, using rewards like treats, praise, or play can motivate them and make training sessions enjoyable for everyone.

While they aren’t known for being excessively vocal, Samoyeds do have a range of barks and howls, often employed to communicate or grab attention. Early training can help to manage any excessive barking.

Given their historical roles as herders and sled dogs, Samoyeds possess an inherent desire to work. This translates into a moderate potential for wanderlust. It’s crucial, therefore, to make sure that fencing in the yard is secure and to always keep the dog on a leash during walks to prevent any impromptu adventures.

Samoyeds, owing to their past, also have a predation instinct. While this doesn’t necessarily translate to aggressive behavior, it’s wise to be cautious when introducing these dogs to smaller animals and to supervise all interactions.

Ultimately, with the right approach, training a Samoyed can be a rewarding experience, paving the way for a harmonious relationship for years to come.

Samoyed Exercise

A glimpse into the history of the Samoyed quickly reveals why exercise is pivotal to the well-being of this breed. Originally bred to herd reindeer and pull sleds across the vast snowy landscapes of Siberia, these dogs possess a reservoir of energy and endurance.

Incorporating regular exercise into a Samoyed’s routine is not just about keeping the dog physically fit; it’s also about ensuring its mental well-being. Without ample activity, a Samoyed can become bored, leading to undesirable behaviors like digging or chewing.

Daily walks are essential, but for Samoyeds, merely walking might not be enough. Sammies thrive on more engaging activities like running, playing fetch, or even participating in dog sports like Agility or Obedience Trials. Winter sports, such as sledding or skijoring, can also be a delightful way for them to burn off energy.

It’s also worth noting that while Samoyeds are playful and often retain a puppy-like enthusiasm well into adulthood, their exercise needs can vary. Monitoring their enthusiasm and stamina, especially as they age, can help to determine the right amount and intensity of activity.

Incorporating interactive toys and puzzle feeders can further stimulate their minds, providing a wholesome balance between physical activity and cognitive challenges.

Samoyed Grooming

Samoyeds are often revered for their striking white coat, but this beauty comes with its own set of responsibilities. Grooming a Samoyed is not just about aesthetics; it’s an essential component of the dog’s overall health and well-being.