Menu toggle icon.

Shiba Inu Dog Breed

About the Shiba Inu

The Shiba Inu, or Shiba, a small but spirited breed, hails from Japan where it has been admired for centuries for its hunting prowess, keen alertness, and boldness of spirit. This breed, distinguished by its fox-like appearance, captures hearts with its combination of endearing charm and dignified independence. Originally bred to hunt by sight and by scent, the breed has evolved into a beloved companion, well-suited to both suburban and urban settings.

AKC Group

AKC Group

Non-Sporting

Dog Breed Height

Height

13.5 – 16.5 inches

Dog Breed Weight

Weight

17 – 23 pounds

Dog Breed Lifespan

Lifespan

13 – 16 years

Highlights

Country of Origin Japan
Bred For Small Game and Bird Hunting, Companionship
Known For Curly Tail, Boldness, Alertness
Popularity Moderate
Temperament Alert, Active, Attentive
Activities Walking, Hiking, Watchdog, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports

History of the Shiba Inu

The Shiba Inu boasts a rich and storied history, deeply rooted in the cultural heritage of Japan. Considered one of the oldest and smallest native dogs of Japan, its ancestry dates back several thousand years, possibly to around 7000 BC with the earliest immigrants to Japan. Small dogs within the 14 1/2 to 19 1/2 inch range were discovered in archaeological excavations of the Jomonjin or Rope-Pattern People, indicating the presence of early ancestors of today’s Shiba.

Initially bred for hunting in Japan’s mountainous areas, the Shiba Inu was adept at flushing out small game and birds and was occasionally used to hunt wild boar. The third century BC saw new immigrants bringing their dogs to Japan, which interbred with the Jomonjin dogs, resulting in canines with pointed, erect ears and curly or sickle tails.

The breed’s name, “Shiba,” is thought to mean “small” or “brushwood” in Japanese, possibly referring to the brushwood bushes where they hunted or to the fiery red color of the Shiba which matches the autumn color of brushwood leaves. The term “Inu” simply means “dog” in Japanese.

During the 7th century AD, the Yamato Court emphasized the importance of native breeds in Japanese culture by establishing an official department dedicated to the preservation and maintenance of dogs. This initiative highlighted the value placed on canine breeds within the societal framework of Japan. Despite Japan’s isolation from the 17th through the 18th centuries, the introduction of some European dogs and the Chinese Chin occurred, leading to their interbreeding with native dogs in more populated areas. However, in the rural areas, the canine population remained relatively untouched, preserving the purity of native breeds.

Originally, there were three main varieties of Shiba from different regions, contributing to the breed variations seen today. These, along with other Japanese native dogs, led to the development of six distinct breeds categorized into three sizes:

  • Large Size: The Akita
  • Medium Size: The Kishu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, & Kai
  • Small Size: The Shiba

The Shiba Inu’s history faced a significant challenge during World War II, with many perishing in bombing raids or from distemper in the post-war years. While the Mino and Sanin Shibas became nearly extinct, more of the Shinshu Shibas survived. Post-war, Shibas from remote areas were brought in, and breeding programs combined the remnants of various bloodlines to create the breed as known today.

The breed was officially recognized in Japan in 1936 and declared a national treasure, signifying its importance in Japanese culture and heritage. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the Shiba Inu in 1992 and added it to the AKC Non-Sporting Group in 1993. This recognition not only established its presence in the United States but also marked a significant milestone in its global recognition. Additionally, the Shiba Inu is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and The Kennel Club (UK), further cementing its status in the canine world.

Today, celebrated for its spirited personality, fox-like appearance, and adaptability, the Shiba Inu is a beloved pet worldwide. Its history, from a skilled hunting companion to a treasured family member, highlights its resilience and enduring appeal.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

In terms of height and weight, an adult male Shiba Inu generally stands about 14.5 to 16.5 inches tall at the withers, while a mature female is slightly smaller, typically ranging from 13.5 to 15.5 inches in height.

Weight-wise, a well-proportioned male Shiba usually weighs around 23 pounds, and a female tends to weigh about 17 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Shiba Inu is a study in balance and proportion, boasting a symmetrical and sturdy build that reflects both agility and strength. This breed is characterized by its well-developed muscles and moderate bone, giving it a rather robust and hardy appearance for its size. In males, the ideal height-to-length ratio is 10 to 11, with females being slightly longer. These proportions contribute to the breed’s distinctive, compact look that is masculine in males and feminine in females.

The breed’s overall substance should convey a sense of strength, yet not to the extent of appearing heavy or cumbersome. This careful balance in proportions is a hallmark of the breed, emphasizing its functional heritage and aesthetic appeal.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The coat of the Shiba Inu features a double layer, essential for its adaptability to various climates and conditions. The outer coat is stiff and straight, providing a layer of protection, with a soft and dense undercoat that offers plenty of insulation. The guard hairs are 1.5 to 2 inches long and stand off from the body, longer on the tail and shorter on the face, ears, and legs.

Shiba Inu Colors

Standard Color
Black & Tan ee
Cream ee
Red ee
Sesame ee

A Note About Color: The color of the Shiba Inu’s coat can be red, red sesame, or black and tan, with an undercoat that’s considered cream, buff, or gray. “Urajiro” markings of cream or white appear in each color on the sides of the muzzle and on the cheeks, underjaw, upper throat, inside of the legs, on the abdomen, around the vent, and on the ventral side of the tail. Additional markings are specific to each of the three colors, and all colors should be clear and intense.

Shiba Inu Markings

Standard Marking
White Markings ee

Head

  • Skull: The skull of the Shiba Inu is moderate in size and in proportion to the body. The forehead is broad and flat, with a slight furrow and moderate stop. The head’s overall shape avoids extremes in roundness or flatness.
  • Expression: Shibas are known for their bold, confident expression that’s reminiscent of a fox. This expression reflects a keen intelligence and alertness, essential traits of the breed.
  • Eyes: Set well apart and deeply set, the eyes are somewhat triangular in shape with an upward slant towards the outside base of the ears. Their color is dark brown, with black eye rims that contribute significantly to the breed’s unique and expressive look.
  • Ears: Small, triangular, and firmly erect, the ears add to the breed’s alert and attentive expression. They are set well apart and tilt directly forward with a slant at the back that follows the arch of the neck.
  • Muzzle: The muzzle is firm, full, round, and slightly tapering towards the nose. It accounts for 40 percent of the head’s total length, thus adding to the breed’s fox-like appearance. The bridge is straight and the lips are tight with black pigment.
  • Nose: A black nose provides a striking contrast to all coat colors and provides a perfect accent to the facial markings.
  • Bite: The Shiba Inu has a strong, evenly aligned scissors bite, where the upper incisors neatly overlap the lower incisors and are set squarely to the jaws. This feature is not just aesthetically pleasing, it’s a function of the breed’s heritage as a hunter. Thus, missing teeth and overshot or undershot bites are unacceptable in the breed.

Close-up head photo of a Shiba Inu.

Tail

A significant aspect of the Shiba Inu’s appearance is its tail. The breed sports a high-set tail that is thick at the root and powerfully carried over the back in a sickle shape or curl. Single curls are preferred over double curls. This characteristic tail not only adds to the breed’s distinctive silhouette, it also serves as a sign of the dog’s good health and vigor. The way the tail is carried and curled over the back can vary among individuals, but it always adds to the Shiba’s poised and spirited appearance. Whether in motion or at rest, the tail is an expressive feature, conveying the breed’s energetic and confident nature.

The Shiba Inu – What to Consider?

Owning a Shiba Inu offers a unique and rewarding experience, but it also requires an understanding of the breed’s specific needs and characteristics. Known for their independence, intelligence, and strong personality, Shibas can be a delightful addition to the right home. However, they demand an owner who appreciates their distinctive traits and can provide the structure, training, and care they need. It’s essential for potential Shiba Inu caretakers to consider these factors to ensure a harmonious and fulfilling relationship with their canine companion.

Home Life

Interaction With Family

The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate

Good With Other Dogs

The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs

Good With Young Children

The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children

Upkeep

Amount Of Shedding

The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High

Frequency Of Grooming

The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily

Amount Of Drooling

The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High

Coat Type

smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly

Coat Length

short
medium
long

Behavior

Personality

Trainability Level

The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager

Barking Level

The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal

Energy Level

The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody

Need For Mental Stimulation

The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction

Shiba Inu Health

The Shiba Inu is generally a healthy and hardy breed, possessing a well-built physique and a strong constitution. Despite this, as with any breed, there are certain health issues that prospective owners should be aware of. Being informed about these potential health challenges and maintaining a proactive approach to their Shiba Inu’s health can significantly contribute to the dog’s overall well-being and longevity.

On average, Shiba Inu has a lifespan of 13 to 16 years. To support a healthy and long life, regular veterinary check-ups, a nutritious diet, and sufficient exercise are crucial.

Potential Health Risks

Shiba Inu, like any breed and mixed breed, is susceptible to certain health conditions. Potential health risks for this breed include:

  • Allergies: Shibas can be prone to various types of allergies, including food allergies, contact allergies, and inhalant allergies, which can cause skin irritations and other health issues.
  • Chylothorax: This is a condition where lymphatic fluid accumulates in the chest cavity, potentially leading to respiratory issues.
  • Hip Dysplasia: A common condition in many dog breeds, hip dysplasia involves an abnormal formation of the hip joint, which can lead to arthritis or mobility issues.
  • Patellar Luxation: This condition involves the dislocation of the kneecap, which can cause lameness or an abnormal gait.
  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A degenerative eye disorder that eventually leads to blindness due to the loss of photoreceptors at the back of the eye.
  • Glaucoma: A condition causing increased pressure in the eye, leading to potential blindness if not managed properly.
  • Epilepsy: Shibas can be prone to seizures, which can be managed with medication and veterinary care.

Regular veterinary check-ups and being alert to the early signs of these conditions can help ensure a Shiba Inu’s long-term health and well-being.

Shiba Inu Personality

The personality of a Shiba Inu is a unique blend of independence, intelligence, and loyalty. These dogs often display a cat-like demeanor, being both clean and self-sufficient. When it comes to novice owners, Shibas can present a challenge due to their independent nature and strong will. They are not as immediately eager to please as some other breeds, which means they require a handler who understands canine behaviors and is patient and consistent with training.

In terms of sensitivity, Shibas have a moderate level. They respond well to positive reinforcement but can become stubborn if treated harshly. Their ability to be alone is better than many other breeds, as they value their independence, but this doesn’t mean they should be left alone for prolonged periods.

When interacting with other dogs, they can be somewhat aloof, especially if not socialized from a young age. This trait also extends to their interactions with young children. While a well-socialized Shiba Inu can coexist peacefully with children, their independent nature means they might not tolerate invasive behaviors from kids.

Regarding their disposition towards strangers, Shibas tend to be reserved. They are not immediately trusting of strangers and can exhibit a cautious demeanor around new people. This makes them excellent watchdogs, as they are always alert and observant.

Shiba Inu Feeding & Nutrition

Feeding a Shiba Inu requires attention to their specific dietary needs at different stages of life. As puppies, Shibas have high energy needs and benefit from a diet that supports their rapid growth and development. Puppy-specific formulas, rich in protein and essential nutrients, are ideal for this stage. It is generally advisable to feed them small, frequent meals throughout the day to support their metabolism and growth.

Transitioning to adulthood, a Shiba Inu’s diet should be adjusted to maintain a healthy weight and support their activity levels. Adult Shibas typically do well with two meals per day. The amount of food, often measured in cups, varies based on the dog’s size, age, and activity level. A moderate amount, typically around 1 to 1.5 cups of high-quality dry dog food per day, divided into two meals, is usually sufficient for the average adult Shiba Inu. However, this can vary, and it’s important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the specific nutritional needs of your dog.

Overfeeding can lead to obesity, which is a concern for the breed. Shibas are known for their agile and lean physique, and maintaining an appropriate weight is crucial for their overall health. Monitoring their diet, alongside regular exercise, ensures they stay in optimal condition.

Shiba Inu Training

Training a Shiba Inu presents a unique set of challenges and rewards, primarily due to their intelligent yet independent nature. These dogs are known for their sharp minds, which means they learn quickly, but their independent streak can sometimes make them seem less eager to please compared to other breeds. This characteristic can be particularly noticeable in training sessions, where a Shiba Inu might display selective listening or a seemingly stubborn attitude.

Despite these traits, with the right approach, Shibas can be effectively trained. Positive reinforcement techniques, such