The Bernese Mountain Dog, known for its striking tri-colored coat and good-natured temperament, is a versatile working breed from the farmlands of Switzerland. Originally bred as a farm dog used to pull carts and accompany cows to pasture, and to be a loyal companion and watchdog, the “Berner” is known for its strength, intelligence, and loyalty. The breed’s calm and affectionate nature typically makes it an excellent family member, though it may retain a strong working instinct and a love of performing tasks.
AKC Group
Working
Height
23 – 27.5 Inches
Weight
70 – 115 Pounds
Lifespan
7 – 10 Years
Highlights
Country of Origin
Switzerland
Bred For
Herding, Pulling Carts, Guarding
Known For
Tricolor Coat, Size, Gentleness
Popularity
High
Temperament
Alert, Confident, Good-Natured
Activities
Watchdog, Hiking, Carting, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports
Dating back over a thousand years, the ancestors of the Berner were brought to Switzerland by the Romans. Large, mastiff-like dogs were crossed with local dogs, giving rise to a breed well-suited to alpine terrain. For centuries, these dogs served as all-purpose farm dogs. Their tasks included pulling carts, moving cattle, and acting as watchdogs, protecting the farms from predators and thieves. The breed’s strength and endurance were highly valued, enabling them to transport heavy loads, often dairy products, to local markets.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the advent of mechanized farming led to a decline in the breed’s population as their traditional roles on farms diminished. Concerned about the breed’s potential extinction, Swiss fanciers, led by Professor Albert Heim, a noted advocate for native Swiss dog breeds, took efforts to preserve the Bernese Mountain Dog. Heim’s work in promoting the breed included defining a Breed Standard and encouraging breeding programs, which played a pivotal role in its revival.
The Bernese Mountain Dog was first officially recognized in Switzerland in the early 20th century. The breed gained international recognition later, with the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognizing it in 1937. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and The Royal Kennel Club (UK) have also recognized the breed, acknowledging its distinct characteristics and contribution to the canine world.
Today, the Berner enjoys enormous popularity not just in Switzerland but worldwide. While the dogs’ farming duties are no longer their prime focus, they have found a new purpose in the modern world. They are now known for their work as Therapy Dogs, Search and Rescue Dogs, and as loyal family companions. Their gentle nature, combined with their striking appearance and versatility, has made them a beloved family member today.
The Bernese Mountain Dog has had a notable cultural impact in Switzerland and throughout the world. The breed is celebrated at Swiss festivals and events, often showcasing its traditional roles through cart-pulling demonstrations. The Berner’s image is frequently used in Swiss cultural materials, symbolizing the country’s rural heritage and the enduring bond that’s shared between the Swiss people and their working dogs.
General Appearance
Height & Weight
An adult male Bernese Mountain Dog typically stands around 25 to 27.5 inches tall at the withers, while a mature female is slightly smaller, usually measuring between 23 to 26 inches in height.
Regarding weight, a male Berner generally tips the scales in the range of 80 to 115 pounds, whereas a female tends to be lighter, weighing between 70 and 95 pounds.
Proportion & Substance
The Bernese Mountain Dog, while appearing square in proportion, is slightly longer in body length than it is tall. This key characteristic provides these dogs with the necessary agility and stability for their varied roles. They exhibit a strong and well-proportioned frame, with a harmonious and functional build that reflects its general usefulness.
In terms of substance, these dogs are large, sturdy, and well-muscled, embodying a strong and robust appearance that echoes their working heritage. They possess solid bone, with a broad chest and strong limbs that are essential attributes for their historical drafting and farm work. This combination of proportion and substance endows the Berner with a dignified and confident presence, making these dogs suitable as both a working dog and a confident companion.
Coat Texture, Colors & Markings
Texture: The Bernese Mountain Dog boasts a distinctive double coat, composed of a longer outer coat and a soft undercoat. The outer coat is moderately long, straight or slightly wavy, providing ample protection in harsh weather. It is also dense and glossy, adding to the breed’s striking appearance. The undercoat, while not visible, is thick and wooly, offering considerable insulation during colder temperatures.
Bernese Mountain Dog Colors
Standard Color
Black Rust & White
ee
Black Tan & White
ee
Black & Rust
ee
Black & White
ee
Rust & White
ee
A Note About Color: The Bernese Mountain Dog’s coat is tri-colored, with a jet black ground and symmetrical markings in rust and white. The rust appears over the eyes and on the cheeks, both sides of the chest, on the legs, and under the tail. The white is found on the head as a blaze and muzzle band, and on the feet and tip of the tail. A white collar and/or white legs are undeniable.
Head
Skull: The breed’s skull is broad and flat, with a slight furrow and a well-defined, but not abrupt, stop. The width and length of the skull are in proportion, giving the head its characteristic powerful yet gentle appearance.
Expression: The expression is intelligent and animated, yet gentle. The dark eyes convey a sense of alertness and confidence, which are quintessential to the breed’s steady demeanor.
Eyes: The eyes are dark brown in color and oval in shape, contributing to the breed’s distinctive, friendly expression. The eyelids fit closely, which helps to protect the eyes in inclement weather.
Ears: The ears are medium-sized, set high, and triangular in shape. When alert, the ears are slightly raised at the base and point forward, giving the dog an attentive and interested appearance.
Muzzle: The muzzle is strong, straight, and of medium length. The lips are clean and the flews are only slightly developed. The muzzle’s size and shape are proportionate to the skull, contributing to the dog’s harmonious head profile.
Nose: The nose is always black in color, regardless of the dog’s coloration. It provides a striking finish to the head’s symmetrical markings.
Bite: The breed has a scissors bite, where the upper incisors closely overlap the lower incisors and are set square to the jaws. Complete dentition is desired, and overshot or undershot bites are unacceptable.
Tail
The tail of a Bernese Mountain Dog is bushy and it is carried low when the dog is at rest, hanging down in a slight curve. When the dog is in motion or alert, the tail may be lifted, but it should not curl over the back. Berners have a natural tail, with a length that’s in balance with the body, reaching approximately to the hocks.
The Bernese Mountain Dog – What to Consider?
The Bernese Mountain Dog, known for its majestic appearance and gentle temperament, is a beloved breed among dog enthusiasts and families alike. However, as with any breed, owning a Berner comes with particular responsibilities and considerations. Prospective owners should be prepared to meet the needs of this large, active breed to ensure a harmonious relationship.
The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
IndependentAffectionate
Good With Other Dogs
The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not RecommendedReliable With Other Dogs
Good With Young Children
The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not RecommendedDependable With Children
Upkeep
Amount Of Shedding
The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
LowHigh
Frequency Of Grooming
The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
MonthlyDaily
Amount Of Drooling
The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
LowHigh
Coat Type
smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly
Coat Length
short
medium
long
Behavior
Acceptance Of New People
The likelihood of a breed to be friendly towards strangers will vary. While some breeds may consistently exhibit reserve or caution around unfamiliar people, regardless of the setting, others are often eager to greet and interact with any new person they meet.
ReservedOutgoing
Protective Nature
The propensity of a dog to notify you of the presence of strangers is breed-dependent. Some breeds are more inclined to respond to any perceived threat, be it the mailman or a squirrel outside the window. However, most breeds are generally more accepting of strangers who are welcomed by their human family members.
Minimal InterestMaximum Vigilance
Playfulness Level
The likelihood of a breed remaining playful beyond puppyhood will vary. Certain breeds retain their enthusiasm for activities like tug-of-war or games of fetch well into their adult years, whereas others are more content to simply lounge on the sofa with you for the majority of time.
LowHigh
Adaptability Level
The ease with which a breed can adapt to changes in its environment can vary greatly. This adaptability encompasses how well a breed is likely to cope with alterations to its home and yard, noise levels, weather conditions, daily routines, and other fluctuations in everyday life.
LowHigh
Personality
Trainability Level
The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
StubbornEager
Barking Level
The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
QuietVocal
Energy Level
The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch PotatoBusybody
Need For Mental Stimulation
The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal EngagementIntensive Interaction
Bernese Mountain Dog Health
Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally robust and sturdy, but like all dogs, they do have specific health considerations. It is crucial for prospective owners to understand these potential issues and to collaborate with a reputable breeder and a veterinarian familiar with the breed.
Lifespan: The average lifespan of a Berner ranges between 7 and 10 years, but with proper care, regular check-ups, and a balanced diet, some can thrive beyond these years.
Potential Health Risks
Despite their resilience, Bernese Mountain Dogs are prone to certain health conditions, including:
Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the thigh bone doesn’t fit snugly into the hip socket, this frequently causes pain and mobility issues. Early detection can be particularly helpful for treating the disease.
Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, this is an inherited condition that affects the elbow joints of larger breeds.
Malignant Histiocytosis: A particular concern in Bernese Mountain Dogs, this is a form of cancer that affects various organs.
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat): This life-threatening condition is common in large, deep-chested dogs. Caretakers should be aware of the symptoms and preventative measures.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a degenerative eye disorder leading to blindness for which breeding dogs should be screened.
A relationship with the dog’s breeder and regular veterinary check-ups are critical for the early detection of these and other potential health issues. Wellness exams, along with specific tests for the hips, elbows, and eyes, are essential for maintaining their health.
Bernese Mountain Dog Personality
The Bernese Mountain Dog is known for its affectionate and loyal nature, making it an excellent family pet. However, the breed’s size and temperament also come with specific considerations. When considering bringing one of these gentle giants into the home, understanding the breed’s personality and temperament is key.
Berners are typically good-natured and patient, traits that make them well-suited for families, including those with young children. The se dogs tend to form strong bonds with their human companions and are often eager to please, which can make training a rewarding experience. However, their large size means they need to be trained from a young age to make sure they are well-behaved and manageable.
These dogs are usually friendly towards strangers, showing a calm and welcoming demeanor rather than aggression or shyness. This trait also extends to their interactions with other dogs, as they generally get along well with other pets. However, as with any dog, early socialization is beneficial.
Despite their size, Berners do not typically have a high tendency to bark excessively. Their sensitivity levels are relatively high, which means they respond well to their owner’s emotions and are attuned to the atmosphere of their home. They may alert their human companions to something unusual, but they are not considered guard dogs.
Bernese Mountain Dogs are not known for being particularly independent or tolerant of being alone for long periods. They thrive on companionship and interaction with their families, so prolonged solitude can lead to anxiety or undesirable behaviors.
When considering a Bernese Mountain Dog, it is essential to understand the breed requires a commitment to patient training, socialization, and regular interaction. The affectionate nature and loyalty of these dogs make them a wonderful addition in the right home, but they do best with owners who can dedicate time and attention to their needs.
Bernese Mountain Dog Feeding & Nutrition
Proper feeding and nutrition are crucial for the health and well-being of a Bernese Mountain Dog. Given their large size and active nature, their diet needs to be carefully managed to make sure they receive the right balance of nutrients, avoiding overfeeding which can lead to obesity and associated health problems.
When it comes to feeding a Bernese Mountain Dog puppy, it’s important to provide a diet specifically formulated for large breed puppies. This type of food provides them with the correct calorie content and nutrient balance for their rapid growth. Feeding them three to four times a day is generally recommended during their puppyhood. However, care should be taken to avoid overfeeding, as rapid growth can lead to health issues later in life, particularly concerning their joints.
As they grow into adults, the dietary needs of Bernese Mountain Dogs change. Adult dogs typically do well with two meals per day. The exact amount of food, often measured in cups, varies based on factors like the dog’s size, age, and activity level, and the specific type of food used. It’s important to consult the food manufacturer’s guidelines and a veterinarian to make sure that the diet is tailored to the dog’s individual needs. A diet that supports joint health and mobility is beneficial due to the breed’s size.
Maintaining an appropriate weight is vital for the Bernese Mountain Dog. Regular weight checks and body condition assessments are important, as obesity can lead to several health issues, including joint problems, diabetes, and heart disease. Likewise, underfeeding can result in nutritional deficiencies and affect the dog’s health and vitality.
Bernese Mountain Dog Training
Training a Bernese Mountain Dog requires patience and consistency, but the effort is often rewarded by their eagerness to learn and desire to please their human companions. This breed’s intelligence and gentle temperament make it receptive to training, though their size and strength necessitate early and ongoing training to help them grow into well-mannered adults.
Berners generally respond well to positive reinforcement techniques. This includes using rewards like treats, praise, and play to encourage good behavior. Due to their sensitive nature, harsh training methods are not recommended, as they can be counterproductive.
When it comes to their intelligence, Bernese Mountain Dogs are quite smart and capable of learning a wide range of commands and tasks. However, their training should start early, ideally during puppyhood, to take advantage of their rapid learning phase. Socialization is also crucial at this stage to help them become well-adjusted adults. Introducing them to various people, animals, environments, and experiences helps in developing a well-rounded dog.
Despite their size, Berners are not typically known for excessive barking. They may alert to something unusual but are not prone to unnecessary noise. Their tendency to bark should be managed through training, helping them understand when it is appropriate to vocalize.
In terms of their potential to wander or roam, Bernese Mountain Dogs have moderate wanderlust. Proper training in recall and boundary awareness is important to prevent them from straying. Since they were bred for work involving close cooperation with humans, they often prefer to stay near them.
Training a Berner also involves addressing their natural instincts. For instance, they might have a mild predation instinct, which can be managed through training and socialization. It’s important to teach them how to behave around other animals, especially if they are part of a household with multiple pets.
Bernese Mountain Dog Exercise
Regular exercise is crucial for the Bernese Mountain Dog, not only to maintain their physical health but also to provide mental stimulation and prevent boredom. Due to their size and energy levels, they require a fair amount of exercise, but it should be balanced to suit their physical capabilities and avoid excessive strain, especially on their joints.
Exercise Expectations
Energy Level
Moderate to High
Exercise Requirements
1.5 Hours/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Regular Exercise, Playing with Another Dog, Mental Stimulation
Daily walks are essential for the Bernese Mountain Dog. These walks not only provide physical exercise but also offer opportunities for mental stimulation and social interaction. The length and intensity of walks can vary, but it’s important to make sure that they are consistent and tailored to the dog’s age and health. Young dogs and puppies, in particular, should not be over-exercised, as their bones and joints are still developing.
In addition to walks, Berners also enjoy other forms of exercise and play. Activities like fetching, gentle tug-of-war, and obstacle courses can provide both physical activity and mental engagement. These activities also strengthen the bond between the dog and its human companion.
Despite their size, Bernese Mountain Dogs are not generally high-energy dogs. Their exercise needs can be described as moderate. However, they do have a playful side and enjoy engaging in interactive play sessions. It’s
