About the Old English Sheepdog

The Old English Sheepdog, also known as the Bobtail, is an adaptable and intelligent dog with a clownish personality and its own signature style. A watchful and courageous dog, the OES is a sturdy and athletic companion that is easily recognized by its distinctively shaggy coat. Historically, the breed assisted farmers with transporting cattle and sheep to market, and this work produced a dog that moves with an easy-going amble and an elastic gallop. Today, this sweet and sometimes silly dog enjoys being active at home and can be a fine competitor in Conformation, Obedience, Agility, and Herding competitions.

AKC Group

Herding

Height

21 – 22 inches

Weight

60 – 90 pounds

Lifespan

10 – 12 years

History of the Old English Sheepdog

The Old English Sheepdog has one of the most enigmatic of all canine origin stories. There is evidence that the breed originated in the southwestern counties of England in the early nineteenth century, though it may have descended from the Bearded Collie, the Russian Owtchar, or another dog entirely.

Writings during the time of the breed’s supposed origins reported a dog used to drive cattle and lambs to market. Owners docked their dogs’ tails to indicate they were drovers’ dogs and to offer protection from the sharp hooves of the much larger stock animals. As a result, the dogs were often dubbed the “Bob” or “Bobtail.”

When the Old English Sheepdog first arrived in the United States in the late 1880s, it was welcomed by a Pittsburgh manufacturer by the name of W. Wade. By the 1900s, just five affluent American families owned, showed, and bred the OES. One show administrator advised judges at the 1904 Westminster Show in New York to “take plenty of time; the dogs in the ring are the property of some of our leading Americans.”

In 1885, the American Kennel Club officially recognized the Old English Sheepdog. Henry Arthur Tilley founded the Old English Sheepdog Club of America in 1904. Tilley and his brother, William Steeds Tilley, were instrumental in the development of the Breed Standard that is used today by breeders and judges. Many of the dogs they bred can still be found in the extended pedigrees of today’s OES.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

A mature male Old English Sheepdog typically stands 22 inches or more at the shoulder, while females usually measure around 21 inches tall.

Male Old English Sheepdogs typically weigh between 70 and 90 pounds, with females slightly lighter at 60 to 80 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Old English Sheepdog is a well-balanced and sturdy dog, built for herding livestock and driving the animals to market. The breed has a strong, substantial bone structure that supports its well-muscled and solid frame. In terms of proportion, the breed’s body length is approximately the same as its height, displaying a compact and practically square silhouette.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Old English Sheepdog has an unmistakable double coat, with outer guard hairs that are rough in texture and an undercoat that’s dense and waterproof. On the head, the hair is profuse, completely covering the eyes, but the hair on the ears is more moderately long and dense. The body is covered in a long, thick jacket, longer still over the hindquarters, and the legs are well-coated all-around. The hair has a harsh texture; not straight, but rather shaggy and without curl.

A Note About Color: Old English Sheepdog Puppies are born black and white without an undercoat. As they mature, the coat becomes hard in texture and lighter in color. A brown tinge may be apparent during the transition, but any brown (or black) in an adult coat is unacceptable.

Head

• Skull: The Old English Sheepdog’s skull is relatively large and capacious, rather squarely formed in every direction. The stop is well-defined as are the ridges over the eyes, but these should not be too abrupt.
• Expression: The breed’s expression is intelligent, alert, and endearing. The shaggy eyebrows, beard, and mustache contribute to its unique and charming appearance.
• Eyes: The eyes are oval in shape and set well apart. They may be brown or blue in color, or they may be one of each. Brown eyes are preferably dark, and blue eyes may be china, pearl, or wall-eyes. Eye rims may or may not have pigment.
• Ears: The ears are small, set moderately high, and lie flat against the head. They are covered with the characteristically shaggy coat.
• Muzzle: The Old English Sheepdog’s muzzle is broad, deep, and square, maintaining the same width from its base at the skull to the tip.
• Nose: The nose is large in proportion to the foreface. Color is usually black; however, blue dogs at birth will have slate-colored pigment.
• Bite: The Old English Sheepdog typically has a level or tight scissors bite, where the upper incisors closely overlap the lower incisors.

Tail

Often referred to as the “Bobtail,” the Old English Sheepdog has traditionally had its tail closely docked. The purpose of tail docking was to prevent injury while the dog worked as a herder and drover of livestock, and to avoid taxes levied on dogs that did not work. The natural tail of an OES is bushy in appearance and is typically carried below the level of the back. It is often described as plume-like and gives the dog a distinctive, if nontraditional, appearance.

The Old English Sheepdog – What to Consider?

The Old English Sheepdog is known for its shaggy coat, sturdy frame, and adaptable disposition. These dogs are typically fun-loving and playful, but they can also be great guardians and protectors of the family. The breed’s signature coat, though beautiful, requires a serious commitment to keep it looking its best. The good news is that, while being large dogs, the typical OES can adapt well to suburban life as long its exercise needs are met.

Old English Sheepdog Health

The Old English Sheepdog is generally a healthy and robust breed, but like all dogs, individuals can be susceptible to certain issues. Regular veterinary care, a healthy diet, and adequate exercise can help to minimize the risk of any health concern.

The average lifespan of the Old English Sheepdog is 10 to 12 years. Responsible breeders health-test their breeding stock to increase the likelihood that their dogs will enjoy long and healthy lives.

Potential Health Risks

Although generally a healthy breed, some OES can be prone to certain health conditions, including:

• Canine Hip Dysplasia: This condition is expressed by the malformation of the hip joint. Some dogs will exhibit pain and lameness on one or both back legs, but some will show no signs of discomfort.
• Cataracts: Cataracts cause opacity on the eye’s lens, resulting in blurred vision. The eye(s) of an affected dog will appear clouded. Cataracts typically develop in older dogs and can be surgically removed to improve the eyesight.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a group of eye diseases characterized by the slow degradation of the retina. Dogs become night blind early on and lose their daytime sight as the condition worsens.
• Hypothyroidism: This disease is caused by hormone deficits produced by the thyroid gland. Obesity, mental dullness, and erratic heat cycles are some of the symptoms. Hypothyroidism is often treated effectively with a daily thyroid replacement.
• Deafness: An inability to hear can present numerous difficulties for both dog and owner. Some forms of hearing loss can be treated surgically, but deafness is seldom curable. A deaf dog requires patience and time, although devices such as vibrating collars can improve everyone’s quality of life.

Old English Sheepdog Personality

The Old English Sheepdog is widely known for its friendly and affectionate nature. These dogs have a gentle and loving disposition that endears them to people of all ages. Their welcoming demeanor and warm personality make them an excellent choice as a companion. These playful dogs often display remarkable patience and tolerance, making them an ideal choice for families seeking a canine companion that can coexist harmoniously with children.

One of the standout qualities of the Old English is the breed’s playful spirit. These dogs retain a youthful exuberance well into adulthood, which means they can engage in playtime with children or enjoy an active lifestyle on the farm. Their boundless enthusiasm for games and outdoor activities encourages family members to stay active and engaged with their pets.

The breed’s intelligence is another distinguishing trait. Old English Sheepdogs are quick learners and have a knack for understanding and responding to direction. This makes them responsive to training, although they can display an independent streak at times. Patience and consistency are the keys to unlocking their full potential.

While their intelligence is evident, the OES is also humorous and its sometimes mischievous side should not be overlooked. Playful antics are typical of the breed and can bring a smile to the faces of those fortunate enough to share their lives with these dogs. Their shaggy appearance, including the distinctive beard and mustache, and expressive eyes only add to the dog’s comical charms.

The Old English Sheepdog’s herding heritage is still evident today. These dogs can readily exhibit their inclination to gather the flock by gently nipping at the heels of their family members, a carryover from their historical role as a livestock herder. These tendencies, though inappropriate at times, can be managed with proper training and redirection.

Old English Sheepdog Feeding & Nutrition

The Old English Sheepdog is a large breed with a large appetite. To support this dog’s overall health and maintain its impressive physique, it’s crucial to provide a well-balanced and high-quality diet throughout its lifetime.

Selecting the right type of dog food is the first step in ensuring a Sheepdog receives the necessary nutrition it needs. Protein is essential for muscle maintenance and overall health and moderate levels of fat are needed to provide a dependable energy source.

Carbohydrates provide energy too, and they also contribute the fiber that is important for digestive health. Feeding a diet that includes healthy carbohydrates, such as brown rice, sweet potatoes, or whole grains, is crucial.

The average adult Old English Sheepdog needs from 2.5 to 3.5 cups of high-quality food a day. Still, portion control is a key aspect of good nutrition. The breed’s large size can make these dogs prone to obesity if overfed. It is important to adjust portion sizes as needed based on the dog’s age, activity level, and body condition. Healthy weight is essential to prevent a range of health issues and diseases.

Old English Sheepdog Training

Training the Old English Sheepdog should start as early as possible. Puppies are like sponges and can quickly learn and adapt to new commands and routines. Socialization should also begin during the puppy stage to ensure the youngster becomes well-adjusted around people and other animals, and in a variety of environments.

Sheepdogs are well-known for their intelligence and eager-to-please nature. This combination makes them highly trainable and a pleasure to work with. However, their independent streak can appear as occasional stubbornness and present some interesting challenges.

Consistency in training is essential, as is establishing clear rules and boundaries. It is important for all members of the family to interact with the OES consistently. This helps to prevent confusion and it reinforces the desired behaviors. Basic obedience training is a must, and leash training and recall training are important for dogs that spend time in public settings.

The Old English Sheepdog can be sensitive, so patience is crucial. Avoiding harsh training methods and punishment is essential, as these can damage the dog’s trust and its willingness to learn. Instead, using positive reinforcement techniques, such as treats, praise, and toys, is advisable.

Old English Sheepdog Exercise

Exercise is a fundamental component of caring for an Old English Sheepdog. These lovable, shaggy dogs have boundless energy and require regular physical activity to maintain their overall health and happiness.

The Old English Sheepdog is a large and active breed known for its agility and strength. These dogs have a history of herding and working long hours, and this legacy has left a mark on their exercise needs. Providing them with at least two hours of exercise each day is crucial for their well-being.

Exercise is essential for maintaining the physical fitness of an OES. These dogs require regular activity to keep their muscles toned and their joints healthy. Exercise helps to prevent obesity and other health-related issues common in many dogs today. Anything from walking and running to participating in a Herding or Agility Trial can be a great way for the dog to remain healthy and fit.

In addition to physical exercise, Sheepdogs need plenty of mental stimulation each day. These intelligent dogs thrive on activities that challenge their minds, so interactive games, puzzles, and obedience training can provide the kind of mental exercise that prevents boredom and destructive behaviors.

Due to the breed’s thick coat, exercising in hot weather can be challenging for the Old English Sheepdog. Providing plenty of fresh water and offering shorter walks are recommended whenever it is hot outside. Otherwise, when temperatures drop, the OES is generally well protected for the cold weather.

Old English Sheepdog Grooming

The Old English Sheepdog is renowned for its iconic shaggy look, but the breed’s signature coat requires regular attention. These happy herding dogs are heavy shedders, so grooming can be challenging.

Brushing is a fundamental aspect of caring for the Old English Sheepdog. The breed’s double coat consists of a soft, insulating undercoat and a longer, coarse outer coat. Regular brushing is essential to prevent matting and tangling. It should be done daily, if possible, or at least three times a week.

Bathing an OES should be done as needed, typically every 6-8 weeks or when the dog gets especially dirty. Because the coat is dense, it’s important to make sure the dog is completely dry after a bath to avoid any skin issues from developing.

Because the Sheepdog’s eyes are partially obscured by the hair, it’s important to ensure the eyes are kept clean and free from discharge. Trimming the hair around the eyes is advisable.

At least once a month, the nails of the OES should be trimmed, and the hair between the paws should be trimmed as well. Additionally, the ears should be checked weekly for signs of dirt, redness, or a strong odor that requires immediate attention to prevent infection.

Living with an Old English Sheepdog

Living with an Old English Sheepdog is a delightful adventure filled with love, laughter, and a healthy dose of playful antics. The breed’s iconic appearance, affectionate disposition, and intelligence make these dogs wonderful additions to families that are willing to invest in the dog’s care. OES return the favor by offering companionship, security, and a distinctive charm that’s hard to ignore.

The breed’s appearance is instantly recognizable, with its profuse, shaggy, coat and intelligent expression. The distinctive appearance of the OES often draws attention and elicits compliments from admirers. However, this gorgeous appearance needs regular attention and maintenance, so grooming is a challenge that needs to be considered.

The Old English Sheepdog thrives on human interaction and is known for forming deep emotional bonds with family members. The loving nature of this breed can make them an excellent choice as a canine companion. Despite their size, OES exude playfulness instead of intimidation, and they maintain their youthful exuberance and vitality well into adulthood.

The breed is known for its loyalty. These dogs are natural watchdogs, alerting their families to any unusual sounds or strangers. Typically sociable and friendly, with both friends and other pets, they often welcome invited guests warmly. This can make the their presence an asset at social gatherings and family events.

The Old English Sheepdog’s shaggy coat is well-suited for colder climates, but it can make the breed prone to overheating in hot weather. Adaptability to different climates can be achieved with appropriate grooming, providing shade and water in hot weather, and ensuring the coat is properly maintained year-round. While these dogs do well in larger homes with access to a yard where they can exercise and play, many can adapt to apartment living as long as their exercise needs are met.

Old English Sheepdog Puppies

Old English Sheepdog puppies are incredibly cute and appealing. However, when bringing one home, it’s essential to be well-prepared for the responsibilities, as well as the joys, that come with raising a puppy of this breed.

Caring for an Old English Sheepdog Puppy

Caring for an Old English Sheepdog puppy is a delightful but demanding responsibility that requires dedication, patience, and a lot of love. This adorable, shaggy pup will quickly become a cherished family member, but it also has specific needs.

Early socialization is crucial for the Old English pup. Exposure to a variety of people, animals, and environments will all but ensure it grows up to become a well-adjusted and confident adult. Positive social experiences during the formative months can also help to prevent unwanted behaviors in the future.

The Old English puppy is widely known for its playful and energetic nature, requiring ample activity each day to burn off its boundless energy. Regular playtime, short walks, and interactive games are important as both physical and mental exercises.

During puppyhood, the OES often chews to alleviate the soreness that accompanies teething. Since chewing is a natural behavior that helps to soothe the discomfort, it’s important to provide safe and appropriate chew toys to prevent chewing on furniture, shoes, and other household objects.

Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for the Old English Sheepdog puppy. Vaccinations, deworming, and regular wellness exams will provide protection from many common puppy illnesses. Regularly scheduled veterinary exams can also provide useful information on providing preventive care throughout the dog’s life.

Old English Sheepdog Activities & Dog Sports

Old English Sheepdogs are intelligent and active dogs that thrive on mental and physical stimulation. Engaging in various dog sports can provide both exercise and mental enrichment. Here are just a few activities that can be fun for an OES:

• Agility: Old English Sheepdogs can excel in this fast-paced sport. Agility Trials involve navigating obstacles, such as tunnels, jumps, weave poles, and A-frames, which demonstrate both teamwork and dexterity.
• Obedience: Obedience Trials test a dog’s ability to follow commands and perform specific tasks with precision. OES are well-regarded for their working abilities and can excel in these competitions.
• Flyball: Flyball is a relay race for dogs. Teams of dogs jump over hurdles, trigger a spring-loaded box to release a tennis ball, and then race back with the ball. This exciting (and noisy) sport combines speed and agility.
• Rally Obedience: Rally is a combination of traditional Obedience and Agility. Dogs and handlers navigate a course with various printed stations, each requiring a different task or command. It’s a great way to enhance obedience skills while adding an element of fun.
• Tracking: Tracking involves teaching a dog to follow a specific scent trail. It’s an excellent way to engage a dog’s strong sense of smell and its mental acumen.
• Fetch & Retrieval Game: Old English Sheepdogs can enjoy simple games of fetch. These activities not only provide exercise but can also satisfy the breed’s herding instincts.

Group Classification & Standards

The Old English Sheepdog is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

The ideal Old English Sheepdog is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Old English Sheepdog Clubs

Old English Sheepdog clubs are indispensable in upholding the breed’s written Standard, promoting responsible breeding practices, and fostering a community for enthusiasts and breeders alike. These organizations often serve as hubs for education, dog shows and dog sports, and advocacy for the OES  as a unique breed.

The Old English Sheepdog Club of America (OESCA) is the official breed club recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in the United States. Its members offer a variety of resources for breed enthusiasts, including information on the Breed Standard, health statistics, and social events. The club also hosts an annual National Specialty show and other activities throughout the year.

Many regions and states also have local clubs that support the breed. These organizations often organize their own events, gatherings, and activities for breed supporters in their geographic area. The Old English Sheepdog Club of Greater Seattle and the Old English Sheepdog Club of Southern California are two examples of regional clubs that provide services for members in their community.

Old English Sheepdog Rescue Groups

When purchased without sufficient understanding of this unique breed, an Old English Sheepdog can end up in need of fostering and rehoming.

The Old English Sheepdog Club of America (OESCA) has a rescue committee that assists in placing any OES that is in need anywhere in the United States. The committee members work with regional coordinators to facilitate rescue efforts.

Old English Sheepdog Facts

• Herding Heritage: Old English Sheepdogs were originally bred in England as herding dogs. Their name reflects their historical role as movers of sheep and other livestock. Their shaggy coat helped protect them from the elements while working in all kinds of weather.
• Gentle & Affectionate: These dogs are known for their gentle and affectionate nature. They form strong bonds with their families and are often described as “gentle giants.”
• Adaptability: OES are adaptable and can thrive in various living arrangements, from mid-sized apartments to larger homes with yards. They do, however, require regular exercise to stay happy and healthy.
• Beard & Mustache: The hair around the muzzle and face of this breed forms a “beard” and “mustache,” adding much to the dog’s distinctive and somewhat comical appearance.
• Thick Coat, Light Shedders: Despite their long, shaggy coats, Old English Sheepdogs are surprisingly light shedders. Their hair often becomes trapped in the dense undercoat, reducing the amount of hair that ends up around the house. However, grooming is a must to prevent matting.
• Famous Movie Stars: Old English Sheepdogs have been featured in various movies and television shows. One of the most famous OES in pop culture was “The Shaggy Dog,” featured in the 1959 Disney film of the same name.
• Beatles Connection: The Beatles’ song “Martha My Dear” is about Paul McCartney’s Sheepdog, Martha, who was originally named Knickers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Old English Sheepdogs shed?

Old English Sheepdogs are known for their profuse, shaggy coats, and they do shed. They require regular grooming to prevent matting and to manage the shedding hair. During seasonal changes, they tend to shed more heavily, requiring extra attention be paid to the loss of their thick undercoat.

Are Old English Sheepdogs hypoallergenic?

Despite their thick coats, OES are not considered hypoallergenic. These dogs produce dander and shed their coats seasonally, which can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Regular grooming can help to reduce the amount of hair and dander in the house, but it may not be sufficient for those with severe allergies.

Do Old English Sheepdogs have tails?

Many Old English are born with tails, but it has long been the practice to dock tails before the newborns’ nervous systems are fully developed. Tail docking is done for both historical reasons and to comply with the Breed Standard, although it has become less common and even illegal in some countries. If a Sheepdog’s tail is not docked, it is long and heavily coated.

How big do Old English Sheepdogs get?

Old English Sheepdogs are rather large dogs, typically weighing between 60 and 100 pounds, with some individuals even exceeding this range. Males generally stand at 22 inches tall at the shoulder, showcasing their impressive silhouette, while females are slightly smaller, standing at 21 inches or more.

How long do Old English Sheepdogs live?

OES have a lifespan of around 10-12 years, which is typical for a dog of their size. Proper care, a balanced diet, regular veterinary checkups, and a healthy lifestyle can contribute to a longer, healthier life.

Are Old English Sheepdogs aggressive?

Old English are not typically aggressive. They are known to be playful, affectionate, and good-natured. However, like any dog, they require proper socialization and training to ensure they are well-behaved and comfortable around different people and situations.

Are Old English Sheepdogs double-coated?

Yes, Old English Sheepdogs have a double coat, consisting of a dense, soft undercoat and a long, coarse outer coat. Their double coat provides insulation and protection, but it also requires regular grooming to prevent matting and to manage shedding.

Are Old English Sheepdogs easy to train?

Old English are intelligent dogs and generally eager to please, making them highly trainable. However, they can be stubborn at times, so consistent, positive reinforcement training methods work best. Early socialization and obedience training are essential to bring out the best in this breed.

Are Old English Sheepdogs good family dogs?

Yes, OES are known to be excellent family pets. They are affectionate and playful, and typically get along well with children. Their gentle and protective nature makes them a great addition to families, although their size and energy level should be considered.

Are Old English Sheepdogs good guard dogs?

Old English Sheepdogs can be good watchdogs due to their somewhat protective nature. They are vigilant dogs and may bark to alert their owners of anything unusual. However, they are generally not aggressive and should be trained to respond appropriately to different situations.

Are Old English Sheepdogs good with cats?

Old English can get along well with cats, especially if they are raised together and properly introduced. The breed’s herding instincts may come into play in a multi-animal household, but with training and socialization they can learn to coexist peacefully with feline family members.

Are Old English Sheepdogs protective?

OES are known for their watchful nature, especially when it comes to their family. They are loyal dogs and will always look out for their loved ones. Proper training is important to ensure their protective instincts do not lead to overly territorial behavior.

Are Old English Sheepdogs rare?

Old English Sheepdogs are not as common as other similar breeds, but they are not considered rare. Thankfully, these lovable companions have a dedicated following of enthusiasts and breeders in the US and around the world. However, their popularity has declined in recent years, partly due to their grooming requirements.

Are Old English Sheepdogs smart?

OES are intelligent dogs with a problem-solving nature. They respond well to training but may display an independent streak. Providing mental stimulation and engaging activities can help to keep their minds sharp.

Do Old English Sheepdogs bark a lot?

Old English Sheepdogs have a deep, distinctive bark and they can be quite vocal. They may freely (and loudly) bark to alert their owners to something unusual or when they are bored. Training, and ensuring they have enough physical and mental stimulation, can help to manage any excessive barking.