Pointer Dog Breed

About the Pointer

The Pointer, often called the “aristocrat of the field” and the “Cadillac” of bird dogs, is a graceful and athletic Sporting breed known for its unmistakable look, proud carriage, staying power, and dash in the field. Renowned for its intelligence, stamina, and distinctive “point,” this is a versatile breed that excels at fieldwork and makes a loving companion for active families.

AKC Group

Sporting

Height

23 – 28 inches

Weight

45 – 75 pounds

Lifespan

12 – 17 years

History of the Pointer

The Pointer’s history dates back over three centuries, making it one of the oldest and most distinguished of the Gundog breeds. Originating in 17th-century England, it was developed to assist hunters by locating and pointing to the position of hidden game birds. This iconic stance, with the dog frozen in place, nose and tail aligned towards the prey, became a defining characteristic of the breed.

The Pointer’s development involved careful selective breeding, with Spanish Pointers serving as the foundation due to their exceptional scenting abilities and endurance. Traits from other breeds, such as the speed of the Greyhound, the stamina of the Foxhound, and the scenting powers of the Bloodhound, were incorporated to create a versatile and efficient hunting companion. Initially, Pointers worked alongside other dogs to locate and flush game, but with the advent of firearms in the 18th century they became invaluable in the uplands, enabling hunters to target stationary birds without disturbing the surrounding area.

By the late 18th century, Pointers had become symbols of distinction among European aristocrats and sportsmen, admired for their speed, elegance, and reliable pointing abilities. The breed’s reputation eventually crossed the Atlantic where it gained popularity among American sportsmen in the 19th century. Their breed’s adaptability to North America’s open landscapes, coupled with the dogs’ unmatched hunting skills, solidified their place as a premier field dog in the US.

In 1878, the Pointer became one of the first nine breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), further establishing its prominence. American breeders refined the breed further, focusing on agility, endurance, and the Pointer’s characteristic sleek yet muscular build. These efforts produced a dog that excels in competitive Field Trials, Hunt Tests, and Conformation Shows.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

The Pointer is a medium-to-large-sized breed, with males standing between 25 and 28 inches tall at the shoulder, and females measuring slightly less at 23 to 26 inches. Males typically weigh between 55 and 75 pounds, while females generally weigh around 45 to 65 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

Pointers exhibit a well-balanced and symmetrical physique, with their height at the withers roughly equal to the length of their body. Their body structure emphasizes agility, endurance and symmetry, with strong, clean lines and no hint of coarseness. Substance is neither too heavy to hinder their athleticism nor too light to undermine their power, making these dogs efficient and tireless workers in the field.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Pointer’s coat is short, dense, and smooth, lying close to the body. It is a single coat that is maintenance-free. Texture should feel soft to the touch, with a natural sheen that enhances the breed’s sleek and athletic appearance. Extremely thick coats with a brush under the tail are not acceptable.

A Note About Color: The coat of the Pointer is either liver, lemon, black, or orange, either solid-colored or in combination with white. In darker coat colors, the nose should be black or brown, while lighter coats may have a lighter or “flesh-colored” nose. A good Pointer’s quality is not determined by its color.

Head

• Skull: The Pointer’s skull is of medium breadth, slightly rounded, and in proportion to its body, giving it a balanced and symmetrical appearance.
• Expression: The breed’s expression is intelligent and alert, reflecting its keen awareness as well as its loyalty and devotion.
• Eyes: Rounded yet intense, the eyes vary in color from hazel to dark brown, depending on the color of the coat. They are set moderately wide apart and convey intelligence and warmth.
• Ears: Ears are thin, pendant-shaped, and set fairly high. They lie close to the head, enhancing the Pointer’s noble appearance.
• Muzzle: The muzzle is deep without pendulous flews. The jaws are strong and end square and level. A head with parallel planes of the skull and muzzle are acceptable, as is a “dish face” where the nose is slightly higher at the tip.
• Nose: The nose is well-developed, with wide nostrils for providing excellent scenting ability. The color corresponds with the coat: either black or brown.
• Bite: The Pointer has a strong, scissors bite, with the upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors.

Tail

The Pointer’s tail, often referred to as a “bee sting” tail, is medium in length, thick at the base, and tapering towards a fine point. In length, it does not reach to the hock joint. The tail is carried straight and level with the back, or only slightly higher, never curling or carried between the legs. The tail’s movement is lively when the dog moves. The Pointer’s tail is always undocked, in keeping with the breed’s elegant and functional appearance.

The Pointer – What to Consider?

The Pointer is an athletic and affectionate breed that thrives in active homes with plenty of exercise, training, and attention. Known for its hunting instincts and boundless energy, it bonds closely with its family and does best with owners who can keep up with its lively nature and provide consistent guidance.

Pointer Health

The Pointer is a generally healthy and robust breed, with a lifespan ranging from 12 to 17 years. However, like all dogs, some Pointers may be prone to certain illnesses and health conditions.

Potential Health Risks

Potential health risks can include:

• Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, potentially leading to arthritis, pain, and mobility issues.
• Elbow Dysplasia: Another joint condition that can affect mobility and cause discomfort and pain.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A degenerative eye disorder that can lead to vision loss over time.
• Cataracts: Clouding of the lens in the eye, which can impair vision.
• Hypothyroidism: A hormonal imbalance due to an underactive thyroid gland, which may cause weight gain, lethargy, or skin problems.
• Epilepsy: A neurological condition that can result in seizures, typically manageable with medication.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): A potentially life-threatening condition where the stomach twists on itself, trapping gas. Immediate medical intervention is required.

Pointer Personality

The Pointer is an intelligent, affectionate, and adaptable breed, making it a great choice for active households. The breed’s friendly and gentle nature allows these dogs to bond closely with their families, and they are particularly well-suited for experienced handlers who can meet their physical and mental needs. While generally good with children and other dogs, early socialization is essential to ensure they are confident and well-mannered.

Pointers are sensitive and thrive on positive reinforcement training, responding poorly to harsh corrections. They dislike being left alone for long periods and may develop separation anxiety without adequate companionship. Their polite demeanor with strangers, combined with their sociable and eager-to-please personality, makes them delightful companions for those who can provide the attention and activity they require.

Pointer Feeding & Nutrition

Pointers thrive on a high-quality, balanced diet tailored to their age, size, and activity level. As puppies, they require specialized nutrition to support their growth and development, typically spread across three to four small meals a day. Adult dogs, with their energetic nature, often need two meals per day of nutrient-dense food to sustain their activity levels.

The amount of food varies depending on the dog’s weight and activity level, with an average adult Pointer consuming approximately 2.5 to 4 cups of food daily. Portion control is essential to prevent overeating and to maintain the breed’s naturally lean and athletic physique. Fresh, clean water should always be available, and an appropriate diet and feeding schedule should be provided by the dog’s breeder.

Pointer Training

Training a Pointer can be both rewarding and challenging due to the breed’s intelligence and strong hunting instincts. These gundogs are quick learners and eager to please, making them relatively easy to train for owners who are consistent and patient. However, their independent nature and “birdiness” may occasionally require extra persistence in reinforcing commands, particularly in outdoor or distraction-filled environments.

Pointers excel in obedience training, fieldwork, and dog sports, showcasing their natural athleticism and sharp minds. Early socialization is crucial to ensure they are comfortable with various people, animals, and environments. While they are not excessively vocal, Pointers may bark when excited or to alert their owners, so training should include managing this behavior.

Pointer Exercise

Pointers are high-energy dogs requiring at least one to two hours of vigorous exercise daily to stay physically and mentally fit. Activities like running, hiking, or playing fetch are ideal for meeting their physical needs, while mentally stimulating games, such as Scent Work or puzzle toys, help to keep their minds engaged.

Their strong hunting instincts make them particularly well-suited for Field Trials or Tracking exercises, which allow them to use their natural skills. Without proper outlets for their abundant energy, they may become bored and exhibit destructive behaviors. This expectation makes consistent exercise essential for maintaining their overall well-being and happiness.

Pointer Grooming

Pointers are relatively low-maintenance when it comes to grooming, thanks to their short, sleek coat. Weekly brushing with a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt helps to remove loose hair and will maintain the coat’s natural shine. These dogs shed moderately year-round, but regular brushing can minimize shedding around the home.

Bathing is only necessary occasionally, usually when the Pointer becomes dirty from outdoor activities. The ears should be checked weekly for dirt or signs of infection, and nails should be trimmed regularly to prevent overgrowth. Routine dental care, such as brushing the teeth or providing dental chews, is essential for maintaining good oral health.

Living with a Pointer

Pointers are best suited for homes with ample space to accommodate the breed’s energy levels. While these dogs can adapt to apartment living if given sufficient exercise, they thrive in homes with access to a fenced yard where they can run and play freely. Their short coat makes them more tolerant of warm weather than cold, so care should be taken to keep them warm during colder months, particularly in harsh climates.

As loyal and affectionate companions, Pointers love being part of a family and they dislike being left alone for long periods. They form strong bonds with their human companions and do best in homes where they can receive plenty of attention, mental stimulation, and physical activity. When their needs are met, Pointers are well-mannered, adaptable, and deeply devoted members of the household.

Pointer Puppies

Pointer puppies are energetic, playful, and curious, reflecting the breed’s lively nature from the start. Their high activity levels require age-appropriate outlets to channel their energy and enthusiasm positively. With consistent training and early socialization, they should grow into confident and well-mannered adults that are a pleasure in the field and a delight in the home.

Caring for a Puppy

Caring for a Pointer puppy involves establishing a routine that provides structure, consistency, and love. Each pup will require a diet formulated for its growth, typically fed in three to four small meals daily. The puppy’s breeder should help to determine the appropriate food and portion sizes at each developmental stage.

Socialization should begin as soon as possible, introducing the puppy to various people, environments, and other animals in a controlled and positive way. Early training, such as crate training and housebreaking, is crucial and works best with positive reinforcement techniques. Avoid harsh corrections, as Pointers are sensitive and respond best to encouragement and rewards.

To protect the Pointer puppy’s growing body, exercise should be moderate, focusing on short play sessions rather than intense activities. Regular veterinary check-ups, vaccinations, and parasite prevention are essential during this stage.

Pointer Activities & Dog Sports

• Field Trials: Pointers showcase their exceptional hunting and pointing abilities in these events, demonstrating their speed, precision, and skill at locating game.
• Hunt Tests: These tests evaluate the breed’s scenting and pointing instincts, proving their reliability as hunting companions.
• Agility: The Pointer’s speed and coordination make the breed an excellent choice as a competitor in these obstacle courses that challenge their athleticism.
• Obedience: The breed excels in tasks requiring intelligence and responsiveness, performing a series of complex exercises.
• Scent Work: With their sharp noses, Pointers can thrive in tracking specific scents across various terrain.
• Conformation Shows: The Pointer’s symmetry, athletic build, and graceful movement can make these dogs a striking choice as a Conformation Show competitor.
• Therapy Work: Their friendly and gentle demeanor suits them for providing comfort and support in therapy settings.
• Search and Rescue: The breed’s keen scenting abilities and determination enable these dogs to excel in locating missing persons over long distances.
• Canine Good Citizen (CGC): The good manners and adaptability of the Pointer make this breed a strong candidate for CGC certification.

Group Classification & Standards

The Pointer is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

The ideal Pointer is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Pointer Clubs

• American Pointer Club (APC): Established in 1938, the APC is the official parent club recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). It promotes responsible breeding, education, and participation in events that highlight the breed’s athleticism and versatility.
• Pointer Club of Canada: The Pointer Club of Canada is the official breed club recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club. This organization works to preserve and advance the Pointer in Canada.
• The Pointer Club: Founded in 1891, this organization in the United Kingdom is dedicated to protecting and promoting the Pointer, organizing events and supporting breed enthusiasts through educational programs and social gatherings.

Pointer Rescue Groups

Rescue organizations play a crucial role in helping Pointers in need, providing care, rehabilitation, and rehoming services as needed. These groups are dedicated to ensuring that any Pointer, whether it is surrendered, abandoned, or in shelters, finds a loving, permanent home.

• Pointer Rescue Organization: Based in the United States, PRO specializes in rescuing and rehoming Pointers across the country. The group works with volunteers and foster homes to provide care for dogs awaiting adoption, and emphasizes education to help adopters understand the breed’s high energy and exercise requirements.
• Pointer Dog Rescue Canada: Operating in Canada, this group helps Pointers in need by providing foster care and adoption services throughout the provinces.
• Pointer Rescue Service: This UK-based organization is dedicated to rescuing and rehoming Pointers in the United Kingdom. Its volunteers collaborate to provide rehabilitation services and find forever homes for dogs in need.

Pointer Facts

• Nicknamed the “Cadillac” of Bird Dogs: Pointers earned this nickname for their speed, elegance, and unmatched precision in the field, setting them apart from other hunting breeds.
• Famous for Their Freeze: The Pointer’s iconic stance—nose pointed towards its prey, tail straight, and body completely still—is so distinctive that it inspired the term “pointer” for similar behaviors in other breeds.
• A Favorite of Aristocrats: Historically, English nobility prized Pointers for their hunting prowess and elegant appearance, often showcasing them in organized hunting expeditions.
• A Breed for the Arts: Pointers have been immortalized in famous paintings and sculptures, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries, reflecting the breed’s long-standing association with beauty and the sporting life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Pointers shed?

Yes, Pointers shed moderately throughout the year. Their short, sleek coat requires regular brushing to manage shedding and maintain its natural shine.

Are Pointers hypoallergenic?

No, Pointers are not hypoallergenic. They shed and produce dander, which can trigger allergies in sensitive individuals.

How long do Pointers live?

Pointers typically live between 12 and 17 years. When provided with proper care and regular veterinary check-ups, their lifespan reflects the breed’s typically robust health.

Are Pointers good family dogs?

Yes, Pointers are excellent family dogs, known for their affectionate and gentle temperament. They bond closely with their families and are especially good with active households that can meet their energy needs.

Do Pointers bark a lot?

Pointers are not excessive barkers but may vocalize when excited or to alert their owners. With proper training and exercise, barking is typically moderate and manageable.