01/Overview
The Neapolitan Mastiff, a breed renowned for its imposing presence and protective instincts, embodies the essence of a guardian dog. Originating in Italy, the "Neo" is known for its grotesque appearance, massive size, loose and wrinkled skin, and a steadfast loyalty to its family. This mastiff has a history steeped in antiquity, tracing its roots back to the Roman dogs of war. Despite the breed having a very formidable figure, the Neapolitan Mastiff is a gentle giant at heart, displaying both dignity and nobility as well as a profound affection for each member of the family.
Highlights
02/History
The Neapolitan Mastiff boasts an ancient lineage, tracing back to a time when these massive dogs were revered as guardians. Originating in Italy, particularly around the region of Naples, the Mastino Napoletano has been a symbol of strength and loyalty for centuries.
The breed's ancestors are believed to have been used in Roman arenas, showcasing their prowess against fierce adversaries. They were also employed as war dogs, equipped with spiked collars before being sent into battle. Their intimidating presence and formidable strength made them ideal for such missions, but they were also valued as companions, offering protection and companionship to soldiers and people of high society.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Neapolitan Mastiff continued to serve as a guard dog, protecting homes and estates. They were especially prevalent in the Italian countryside, where their imposing size and vigilant nature deterred intruders and safeguarded livestock.
The modern Neo was developed in the post-World War II era when the breed was nearly extinct. A group of dedicated Italian breeders, led by Piero Scanziani, set out to revive the breed, standardizing both its appearance and its temperament. Scanziani's efforts led to the breed's official recognition by the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (ENCI) in 1949.
Internationally, the Neapolitan Mastiff gained recognition in other countries and began to be appreciated for its noble character and impressive appearance. The breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2004, marking its acceptance into the Working Group.
Today, the Neapolitan Mastiff is celebrated not only for its historical significance but also for its role as a devoted family member and protector of hearth and home. While the Neo is a rare sight compared to more commonly encountered breeds, its impact on those who choose to support the it can be profound, embodying the legacy of an ancient lineage that continues to inspire awe and respect today.
03/Appearance
Adult male Neapolitan Mastiffs typically stand between 26 and 31 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh around 150 pounds. Females are slightly smaller, with heights ranging from 24 to 29 inches and a typical weight of around 110 pounds.
Proportion and substance are critical aspects of the Neapolitan Mastiff's general appearance, emphasizing the breed's robust and muscular build. The body length is typically 10 to 15 percent greater than the height at the withers, providing a slightly rectangular profile. The breed's substantial frame is evident in the large, well-rounded bones which contribute to the overall impression of strength and power.
The Neapolitan Mastiff's substantial body mass is well distributed, providing balance and contributing to the breed's impressive physical presence. Despite their size, Neos should exhibit fluid and effortless movement, reflecting their capabilities as effective guardians. The breed's overall substance should never compromise its agility or endurance, illustrating a harmonious balance between power and functionality.
Texture: The coat of the Neapolitan Mastiff is short, dense, and smooth. The hair is straight lies close to the body, being no more than one inch in length and without any fringe. The coat's texture serves a functional purpose, providing protection against the elements and resistance from minor abrasions. The coat is uniform all over the body, enhancing the breed's dignified appearance while requiring minimal grooming.
Standard Colors
Standard Markings
04/Consider
The Neapolitan Mastiff, renowned for its impressive stature and protective nature, is a breed esteemed by those seeking a faithful (if frightening) guardian. Welcoming such a dog into the home demands an understanding of the breed's unique needs and behaviors. Ownership entails a dedication to creating a supportive environment that cultivates a deep bond with the dog, alongside readiness to manage its considerable size and strength. It also involves a commitment to comprehensive training and socialization to nurture a courteous and affable member of the family.
Interaction With Family
The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals.
Good With Other Dogs
The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed.
Good With Young Children
The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children.
Amount Of Shedding
How much hair a breed typically leaves behind on clothes, furniture and floors.
Frequency Of Grooming
How often a breed needs brushing, bathing or a professional trim to stay in condition.
Amount Of Drooling
How prone a breed is to drool — worth knowing before you keep a towel by the door.
Openness To Strangers
How openly a breed tends to greet new people, visitors and strangers.
Protective Nature
How likely a breed is to alert you to — and stand between you and — anything unfamiliar.
Playfulness Level
How enthusiastic a breed stays about games and play well past puppyhood.
Trainability Level
How readily a breed takes direction and works with you rather than around you.
Barking Level
How much a breed uses its voice, and how readily.
Energy Level
How much get-up-and-go a breed brings to an average day.
Health
The Neapolitan Mastiff is generally a healthy breed, but potential owners should be aware of the health challenges that can affect these dogs. It is imperative to engage with reputable breeders who conduct health screenings and to establish a relationship with a veterinarian who is experienced in caring for large breeds. The Neo has a life expectancy of around 7 to 9 years. To promote a long and healthy life, these dogs require vigilant veterinary care, encompassing regular check-ups, preventive measures, and prompt attention to any emerging health issue.
Understanding the personality of the Neapolitan Mastiff is essential for anyone who is considering this breed as a companion. Neos exhibit a calm and watchful demeanor, but they are always alert to their surroundings and ready to act as guardians in times of need. Renowned for their loyalty and protective nature, these dogs are deeply devoted and form strong bonds with their human families.
While their size and appearance might suggest a formidable nature, Neapolitan Mastiffs are known for their gentle and affectionate temperament, especially towards family members. However, their protective instincts can make them wary of strangers, emphasizing the need for proper socialization from a young age to foster confidence and ensure they are well-adjusted as adults.
Neos are typically not suited for novice owners due to the breed's size and strength. These dogs require a handler who understands giant breeds and can provide clear, consistent guidance and training. When it comes to other dogs and household pets, the Neo can coexist peacefully, provided it has been properly socialized. Interactions with young children should always be supervised, not due to any aggression but to prevent accidental injury given the dog's massive size.
The Neapolitan Mastiff's sensitivity to its owner's emotions makes this a responsive and empathetic breed, one that is capable of providing not just protection but also loving companionship. While Neos are not excessively demanding in terms of attention, they do thrive on being part of family activities and should not be left alone for prolonged periods.
Exercise Expectations
A Neapolitan Mastiff's exercise regimen should be carefully considered to avoid overexertion, especially throughout the puppy years when bones and joints are still developing. Gentle walks, preferably twice a day, provide not only physical exercise but also opportunities for mental stimulation and socialization. These walks should be on a leash and at a pace that is comfortable for the dog, allowing the Neo to safely explore its environment. In addition to daily walks, Neapolitan Mastiffs benefit from having a secure area where they can roam freely and play. Play sessions, however, should be monitored to prevent the dog from over-exerting itself, especially in hot weather, as the breed can be prone to overheating. Interactive play that promotes bonding, such as gentle tug-of-war or fetch with an appropriate-sized toy, can also be beneficial for providing both physical activity and mental engagement. It is important to remember that exercise needs will vary based on the individual Neo's health, age, and energy level. Younger and more active mastiffs may require longer or more frequent walks, while older dogs may need shorter, more leisurely strolls. It's essential to always provide fresh drinking water following exercise sessions to prevent dehydration. And during the warmer months, walks should happen during the cooler parts of the day to avoid heat exhaustion. Consistent, appropriately paced exercise will help the Neapolitan Mastiff maintain muscle tone, prevent obesity, reduce boredom, and mitigate potential behavior problems. It's also a wonderful way to strengthen the bond between the Neo and its favorite person, offering shared experiences that are enjoyable and enriching for both.
Living with a Neapolitan Mastiff is a unique and rewarding experience that requires understanding of, and adapting to, the breed's specific needs. As gentle giants, these dogs thrive in environments where they are part of the family, receiving love and attention while also having their own space respected.
Accommodating a Neo in the home means providing sufficient space for the dog to move about comfortably. Despite the breed's large size, these dogs are relatively indoor-friendly, often preferring to stay close to their family members. However, they do need a comfortable and spacious area to rest, away from high-traffic zones, so that they can relax without being constantly disturbed.
When considering outdoor space, a fenced yard is ideal for the Neapolitan Mastiff. A secure outdoor space provides a safe area to explore and lounge, although supervision is recommended, especially in warmer weather. These dogs can be sensitive to extreme temperatures; hence, it's crucial to provide adequate shade and shelter when they're outside, as well as access to fresh water at all times.
Living arrangements should also account for this mastiff's drooling, especially after eating or drinking, and for the shedding. A regular cleaning routine will help to manage these aspects of the dog's care, contributing to a more pleasant living environment for everyone living in the house.
In terms of adaptability to changes in the weather, the Neo can live in most environments but it does best in moderate climates. The breed's thick skin offers some protection against the cold, but these dogs should not be left outside when the temperature hovers around freezing. Similarly, their tolerance for heat is limited; during hot days, it's vital to keep them cool and avoid undue exercise.
05/Puppies
Welcoming a litter of Neapolitan Mastiff puppies is an exciting and significant commitment that requires careful preparation and an understanding of the breed's specific needs during those formative months. Raising a Neo pups offers the rewarding experience of nurturing a gentle and loyal companion, but it also involves substantial responsibilities to ensure each puppy grows up to become a well-adjusted and healthy adult.
Caring for a Neapolitan Mastiff puppy involves several critical aspects of care to foster its physical health, social development, and emotional well-being. Initially, creating a safe and welcoming environment is crucial. Puppies are naturally curious and love to explore, so puppy-proofing the home to remove hazardous objects and substances is essential to prevent accidents.
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the puppy's growth and development. Feeding a high-quality diet formulated for large-breed puppies is vital to support bone and joint health and to prevent rapid growth, which could lead to future health issues. Consistent feeding schedules and controlled portion sizes help to manage a pup's growth rate and overall health.
Socialization and training should commence early, introducing the puppy to various people, animals, sounds, and experiences in a positive and controlled manner. This exposure is crucial for developing the Neo's confidence and helping it to become a well-mannered adult. Basic obedience training, using positive reinforcement techniques, establishes good behavior and strengthens the bond between each puppy and its favorite person.
Regular veterinary care is essential from the outset. Vaccinations, parasite control, and routine check-ups are vital components of puppy care to ensure adequate protection against diseases and for monitoring overall growth and development.
Lastly, providing ample love, attention, and gentle interaction will help the Neapolitan Mastiff puppy feel secure and valued as a family member. Establishing a strong emotional bond early on lays the foundation for a trusting and loyal relationship throughout the dog's life.
06/Activities
While the Neapolitan Mastiff may not be as commonly seen participating in dog sports as other breeds, the breed's distinct characteristics render them well-suited for certain activities that showcase their intelligence, strength, and kind demeanor.
While they may not engage in high-speed competitions like Agility and Flyball, Neapolitan Mastiffs can find their niche in activities that suit their size, strength, and serene nature. Engaging in these pursuits provides valuable enrichment for the mastiff, strengthens the bond between dog and handler, and highlights the versatile capabilities of this noble breed.
Gallery
07/Standards
The Neapolitan Mastiff is recognized by the world's leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:
The ideal Neapolitan Mastiff is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:
08/Clubs
09/Rescue
10/Facts
Ancient Lineage
The Neapolitan Mastiff has a storied history dating back to the days of ancient Rome, where they were used as war dogs and arena fighters due to their intimidating size and fearless nature.
Guardian Instincts
Despite their gentleness with their families, Neapolitan Mastiffs have a strong protective instinct and are naturally wary of strangers, making them excellent guard dogs.
Distinctive Appearance
The breed is known for its loose, wrinkly skin, especially around the head and neck, giving it a unique and memorably grotesque appearance.
Slow Maturity
Neapolitan Mastiffs mature more slowly than many other breeds, often reaching adulthood only when they're around two years old.
Film Stars
Due to their impressive and distinctive looks, Neapolitan Mastiffs have been featured in various films and television shows, portraying imposing and loyal canine companions.
Low Energy Levels
Despite the breed's size, Neapolitan Mastiffs are relatively low-energy dogs, content with short walks and lounging with the family.
Drooling
Potential owners should be prepared for a fair amount of drool, especially following mealtimes and around the water bowl, as this is a common trait among all mastiffs.
Selective Breeding
The modern Neapolitan Mastiff seen today was refined in Italy after World War II, with a focus on preserving its unusual appearance and steady temperament.
Companionship
While these dogs may appear formidable, Neapolitan Mastiffs are known for forming deep bonds with their people, showcasing their tender side at home.
11/FAQ
Neapolitan Mastiffs are not inherently aggressive; they are known for their loyal and protective nature towards their family. However, like any dog, their behavior significantly depends on proper socialization and training, and on the environment in which they are raised. They have a strong guarding instinct, which can be perceived as aggression if they cannot distinguish between normal and threatening situations.
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This article was originally published in Showsight Magazine, September 2013 issue. The Neapolitan Mastiff – A Look at the Form & Function of This Ancient Breed The Neapolitan Mastiff is an ancient war dog known throughout the world as one of the most fierce and loyal protectors of his family and estate. The Neo […]
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The tail of the Neapolitan Mastiff is set on slightly lower than the topline, emerging as a natural continuation of the spine. It is thick at the base and tapers towards the tip, carried either straight or slightly curved in a "S" shape. The tail hangs down when the dog is relaxed, but when the dog is active, the tail is raised to the horizontal or a little higher than the back.
The Neapolitan Mastiff's tail is a distinctive breed feature and should never docked. It should not have any kinks and should not be less than one-third the length from the point of its insertion to the hock joint. The tail should never be carried upward or curved over the back.
Coat Type
Smooth
The structure of the coat this breed carries.
Coat Length
Short
How long the breed's coat grows when kept in condition.
Adaptability Level
How easily a breed copes with changes in home, routine, noise and weather.
Mental Stimulation Needs
How much a breed needs a job, a puzzle or training to stay content.
The dietary needs of a Neapolitan Mastiff are as substantial as the dog's physique is imposing, necessitating a careful approach to nutrition that can support overall health and well-being. Feeding a Neo appropriately involves consideration of the dog's age, weight, energy level, and any specific health requirements. A balanced diet rich in nutrients is vital for maintaining robust health, supporting bone and joint health, and sustaining good muscle tone.
For Neapolitan Mastiff puppies, the diet should support their rapid growth without accelerating it unduly, as too rapid growth can contribute to skeletal problems and joint issues later in life. Puppy food that's formulated for large breeds is recommended, divided into several meals throughout the day to support development and prevent critical health issues such as bloat.
Given the Neo's prolonged growth period, transitioning to adult food should be done gradually at around 18 to 24 months of age. Adult Neapolitan Mastiffs require a diet that will maintain body condition without leading to obesity, which can exacerbate health issues like hip dysplasia. The amount of food, often measured in cups, varies based on the dog's size and activity level, but typically, an adult dog may consume between 6 to 8 cups of dry food daily, divided into two meals.
Monitoring the Mastiff's weight and body condition is crucial, adjusting the amount of food as needed to avoid weight gain or loss. To prevent obesity, treats should be given sparingly and should be accounted for in the dog's daily intake of calories.
Access to fresh drinking water at all times is essential, particularly for a breed that can be prone to dehydration and overheating. Lastly, consulting with a veterinarian can provide guidance that is tailored to the individual needs of the Neapolitan Mastiff, ensuring the diet supports a long and healthy life.
Training a Neapolitan Mastiff is an essential aspect of the dog's care, one that is pivotal for nurturing a well-behaved and sociable companion. Given the breed's size, strength, and protective nature, early and consistent training is crucial to harness the Neo's potential to become a gentle giant. Initiating training from puppyhood, emphasizing socialization, basic obedience, and good manners, will lay the foundation for a well-adjusted adult mastiff.
Despite their imposing presence, Neapolitan Mastiffs are sensitive animals that are responsive to positive reinforcement techniques. Harsh methods can undermine their trust and hinder their learning, so patience and consistency are key. These giants respond well to reward-based training, where praise and treats encourage the desired behaviors.
Socialization is particularly critical for this breed. Exposing these dogs to various people, environments, animals, and situations will cultivate confidence and reduce wariness or fearfulness. This exposure helps to mitigate the breed's natural guardedness, enabling the Neo to discern between normal and threatening scenarios.
Neapolitan Mastiffs possess an independent streak, which can be mistaken for stubbornness, especially during training sessions. Short, engaging, and positive training sessions help to maintain focus and interest, facilitating better learning and retention. Intelligence and the desire to please their owners mean most Neos can excel in training, but they do require owners who are clear, consistent, and assertive in their commands and expectations.
Training extends beyond basic obedience, encompassing behaviors that promote safety and sociability. Teaching the Neapolitan Mastiff to walk nicely on a leash, refrain from jumping up, and respond reliably to commands like "come," "sit," "stay," and "leave it" are crucial for managing such a large dog.
Grooming Expectations
The coat of the Neapolitan Mastiff is relatively low maintenance compared to long-haired breeds. However, the breed does require regular brushing, at least once a week, to remove loose hair, distribute natural skin oils, and keep the coat shiny and healthy. During shedding seasons, more frequent brushing may be necessary to manage the increased hair loss. Bathing a Neapolitan Mastiff should be done sparingly, but only when necessary to avoid stripping the skin of its natural oils. When bathing is required, it's essential to use a mild dog shampoo and make sure the dog is thoroughly rinsed and dried afterward, particularly within the skin folds. Speaking of skin folds, these distinctive features of the Neapolitan Mastiff require special attention to prevent infection or irritation. The folds should be checked and cleaned regularly with a damp cloth, followed by thorough drying to keep the areas clean and moisture-free. Nail care is another crucial aspect of grooming. The mastiff's nails should be trimmed regularly to prevent overgrowth, which can lead to discomfort and even difficulty walking. Ear care is also important; the ears should be checked weekly for signs of infection or wax buildup and cleaned as needed. Dental care should not be overlooked, as good oral hygiene is vital for overall health. Regular tooth brushing, along with providing dental chews or toys, can help to maintain healthy teeth and gums, and mitigate bad breath and excessive drooling.
Integrating a Neapolitan Mastiff into the home also means considering the dog's interaction with visitors and other pets. Early socialization is key to teaching good manners and will encourage the dog to be welcoming of guests and coexist peacefully with other animals in the house.
