The Bergamasco Sheepdog, originally hailing from the Italian Alps, is a distinct heritage breed known for its unique, matted coat. Initially bred for herding and guarding livestock, this dog is characterized by its intelligence, loyalty, and steadfast demeanor. With ancient roots and a coat designed to protect it from harsh mountain weather, the Bergamasco has a rich history and a striking appearance that captures the attention of all who meet it.
The Bergamasco Sheepdog, with its uniquely flocked coat and keen herding instincts, boasts a rich history that traces back over two millennia. Originating in the European Alps, particularly in the Bergamo region of Italy from which it takes its name, this breed played an important role for many generations of herders as a loyal sheepdog.
Historical records suggest that the Bergamasco’s ancestors were brought to the Alpine regions by the ancient Phoenicians during their trade expeditions. Over time, as these dogs adapted to the harsh, mountainous terrain and cold climates of the Alps, they developed their distinctive coat, which served as protection against both predators and the elements.
The breed’s primary role was as a herder, guiding and protecting flocks in the challenging Alpine environment. With their innate intelligence, they often worked independently from their human handlers, making decisions to safeguard the sheep from any threats. This encouraged the development of a breed with a strong work ethic, independent thinking, and unparalleled loyalty.
While the Bergamasco Sheepdog has been an integral part of Alpine life for centuries, it remained relatively unknown outside of Italy for a long time. It wasn’t until the 20th century that enthusiasts began to introduce the breed to a broader audience, both in Europe and across the Atlantic in North America.
Official recognition by kennel club organizations took some time. The Bergamasco was officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in the mid-20th century and was later recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) and The Royal Kennel Club (UK), further solidifying its position within the forganized dog world.
Despite its long history, the Bergamasco Sheepdog remains a rare breed. However, thanks to the efforts of dedicated breeders and enthusiasts, it continues to charm and impress those who encounter it, ensuring that its legacy and unique characteristics endure for future generations.
General Appearance
Height & Weight
Adult male Bergamasco Sheepdogs ideally stand at 23.5 inches at the shoulder, while the mature female typically measures 22 inches. The breed’s height, however, can range from 21 to 25 inches.
In terms of weight, a male Bergamasco generally weighs between 70 and 84 pounds, with females weighing slightly less, ranging from 57 to 71 pounds.
Proportion & Substance
The Bergamasco Sheepdog boasts a harmonious overall structure. The breed’s length, when measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, tends to be about five percent more than the dog’s height at the withers. The height-to-length ratio is approximately 10:10.5 to 11. This gives the Bergamasco a very slightly longer profile. The breed’s substance is solid without appearing bulky, maintaining a rustic elegance that’s unique among purebred dogs. The Bergamasco’s build reveals a dog that’s equipped for endurance rather than speed, highlighting its historical role as a diligent herder and protector of flocks in a challenging alpine environment.
Coat Texture, Colors & Markings
Texture: The Bergamasco Sheepdog is renowned for its unique coat, which consists of three different types of hair that combine to form characteristic flocks or mats. These flocks serve not only as a protective measure against the cold and predators, it also gives the breed its distinctive appearance. The coat’s texture can range from wooly to more hair-like, and as the dog ages, the coat changes and the flocks can reach the ground.
The Bergamasco’s coat takes years to mature and can vary considerably. The distribution, size, texture, and thickness of the flocks grow differently on every dog. The hair is composed of three hair types: undercoat, “goat hair,” and wooly hair. The undercoat provides insulation, with the other two types weaving naturally together to form flat, irregular flocks. The absence of wool is unacceptable; however, trimming is acceptable.
Bergamasco Sheepdog Colors
Standard Color
Gray
ee
Black
ee
Markings: Gradations of Gray (including Merle)
A Note About Color: The Bergamasco is born solid gray in color or gradations of gray (including merle) up to and including solid black. The color tends t change to various shades as the dog matures. Black coloration in puppies (including black patch on merles) will typically lighten into shades of gray. Shadings of tawny-brown and fawn are typically seen at the lower part of the flocks due to the influence of the sun, water, and atmospheric factors as well as the aging of the hair. The overall appearance from a distance is of a reddish brown color. White markings are acceptable only if they do not exceed one-fifth of the total body area.
Head
Skull: The skull of the Bergamasco Sheepdog is moderately wide and slightly domed. It has a prominent occiput and a marked median furrow, with a noticeable but not pronounced stop as it transitions to the muzzle.
Expression: The expression exudes intelligence, attentiveness, and a hint of ruggedness. These dogs have a calm yet observant demeanor, a reflection of their historical role as both a herder and a protector.
Eyes: Almond-shaped, the eyes are usually of a dark brown hue, harmonizing with the coat’s color. They’re set semi-laterally, adding to the breed’s alert and intelligent expression.
Ears: The ears are set high, triangular in shape, and hang close to the head. They’re medium in size and are typically covered in a fine layer of hair.
Muzzle: Strong and of equal length to the skull, the muzzle is straight. It blunts and tapers only slightly toward the nose and embodies the breed’s sturdy nature.
Nose: The nose is black in color, complementing the coloration of the coat. It is prominent and well-defined, with open nostrils that speak to the breed’s keen sense of smell.
Bite: The Bergamasco Sheepdog boasts a level or scissors bite, where the upper incisors closely overlap the lower incisors. This configuration is ideal for the dogs’ historical role as a herder and drover, ensuring a firm but fair interaction with livestock when necessary.
Tail
The Bergamasco Sheepdog’s tail is a defining feature, adding to the breed’s rustic silhouette. It is set low, extending from a natural line of the croup. In its relaxed state, the tail hangs down, reaching the hock or slightly below it. When the Bergamasco is in motion or alert, the tail can be raised, but it doesn’t typically curl over the back.
The tail is covered with dense, semi-long hair that can form slight waves, adding to the breed’s agrarian appeal. As per the Breed Standard, the Bergamasco’s tail is always undocked, allowing it to flag back-and-forth freely at a level higher than that of the topline.
The Bergamasco Sheepdog – What to Consider?
Owning a Bergamasco Sheepdog is a rewarding experience, but potential owners should consider various aspects of this breed to ensure it matches a person or family’s lifestyle and expectations. This ancient herder, with its distinctive coat and diligent nature, requires specific care, attention, and understanding in order to thrive.
The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
IndependentAffectionate
Good With Other Dogs
The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not RecommendedReliable With Other Dogs
Good With Young Children
The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not RecommendedDependable With Children
Upkeep
Amount Of Shedding
The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
LowHigh
Frequency Of Grooming
The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
MonthlyDaily
Amount Of Drooling
The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
LowHigh
Coat Type
smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly
Coat Length
short
medium
long
Behavior
Acceptance Of New People
The likelihood of a breed to be friendly towards strangers will vary. While some breeds may consistently exhibit reserve or caution around unfamiliar people, regardless of the setting, others are often eager to greet and interact with any new person they meet.
ReservedOutgoing
Protective Nature
The propensity of a dog to notify you of the presence of strangers is breed-dependent. Some breeds are more inclined to respond to any perceived threat, be it the mailman or a squirrel outside the window. However, most breeds are generally more accepting of strangers who are welcomed by their human family members.
Minimal InterestMaximum Vigilance
Playfulness Level
The likelihood of a breed remaining playful beyond puppyhood will vary. Certain breeds retain their enthusiasm for activities like tug-of-war or games of fetch well into their adult years, whereas others are more content to simply lounge on the sofa with you for the majority of time.
LowHigh
Adaptability Level
The ease with which a breed can adapt to changes in its environment can vary greatly. This adaptability encompasses how well a breed is likely to cope with alterations to its home and yard, noise levels, weather conditions, daily routines, and other fluctuations in everyday life.
LowHigh
Personality
Trainability Level
The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
StubbornEager
Barking Level
The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
QuietVocal
Energy Level
The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch PotatoBusybody
Need For Mental Stimulation
The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal EngagementIntensive Interaction
Bergamasco Sheepdog Health
In general, the Bergamasco Sheepdog is a robust and healthy breed with a long lifespan, reflecting its origins as a hardy mountain dog.
Lifespan: The breed typically enjoys a lifespan of 13 to 15 years when given proper care, a balanced diet, and regular health check-ups.
Potential Health Risks
The Bergamasco Sheepdog, although resilient by nature, is not exempt from certain health issues associated with many breeds and mixed breeds. It is important to note, however, that responsible breeders are the most reliable source for acquiring a well-bred Bergamasco. Some issues that should be addressed with breeders include:
Hip Dysplasia: This is a condition in which the thigh bone doesn’t fit snugly into the hip joint. While some dogs might show pain or lameness in one or both rear legs, others do not display any overt signs. Over time, this condition can lead to arthritis.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): PRA encompasses a group of eye diseases that involve the gradual degeneration of the retina. In the early stages, affected dogs can become night-blind, losing daytime vision as the condition advances.
Bloat or Gastric Torsion: Bloat is a grave condition where the dog’s stomach becomes filled with air and then twists upon itself. If not treated urgently, it can be life-threatening.
Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia is a not uncommon condition in many dogs. It’s a malformation of the elbow joint that can lead to arthritis and pain.
Cataracts: Cataracts can affect many dogs, including Bergamasco Sheepdogs. This condition causes opacity on the lens of the eye, leading to decreased vision. In some cases, the cataracts can be surgically removed to restore vision.
In addition to these primary concerns, Bergamasco Sheepdog owners should also remain vigilant for potential ear infections, dental issues, and skin-related problems, considering the breed’s unique coat. Regular veterinary check-ups, a good diet, and routine exercise can help to mitigate the risks of these health issues.
Bergamasco Sheepdog Personality
The Bergamasco Sheepdog is recognized as a devoted, intelligent, and patient breed, embodying qualities that have been honed through generations of herding livestock. For those wondering if this breed is a good fit for novice owners, it’s worth noting that while the Bergamasco is patient and generally amiable, its intelligent and independent spirit can sometimes present challenges for those unfamiliar with dog training. These dogs benefit from consistent and understanding training approaches, making them potentially rewarding companions for even those new to dog ownership.
One of Bergamasco’s striking traits is its sensitivity. These dogs bond deeply with their families, often becoming finely attuned to the emotions and ambiance around them. This sensitivity means they tend to thrive with positive reinforcement during training and can become somewhat withdrawn if treated harshly. Their deep connection with their families also means they don’t take well to being left alone for long stretches. They flourish best when involved in family activities and given regular companionship.
With their herding lineage, Bergamascos generally exhibit good behavior around other dogs, especially if they’ve been socialized from a young age. This same background and their gentle, patient nature often make them excellent companions for families with children. They’re known to keep a watchful, protective eye on younger family members. This doesn’t mean, however, that they’re overly friendly with every new face they encounter. When it comes to strangers, the Bergamasco Sheepdog tends to be protective and might exhibit reserved behavior, being naturally cautious and observant around unfamiliar individuals.
In the company of those they trust and love, Bergamascos shine as both a loyal guardian and a diligent worker, perfectly balancing their roles as family companions and dependable working partners.
Bergamasco Sheepdog Feeding & Nutrition
The Bergamasco Sheepdog, with its robust herding history, has specific dietary needs for staying healthy and energetic. It’s essential to remember that the right nutrition supports not only the dog’s physical health but also its unique coat and overall happiness.
For Bergamasco puppies, a high-quality puppy food designed for medium-to-large breeds is often recommended. As these young dogs are growing and developing, they require a diet rich in essential nutrients, proteins, and fats to support bone growth, muscle development, and overall health. Splitting their daily intake into multiple small meals can help to manage their rapid growth and ensure steady energy levels.
Once a puppy transitions to adulthood, the dietary needs of the Bergamasco shift. An adult Bergamasco typically requires a balanced diet with high-quality proteins as the primary ingredient. Given the breed’s active nature, the Bergamasco may need more calories than some less active breeds, but it’s essential to monitor the dog’s weight and adjust its food intake accordingly. The average adult might consume around 2 to 3 cups of high-quality dry dog food daily, depending on size, age, metabolism, and activity level. This amount should be divided into two meals to promote better digestion and prevent the risk of bloat, a condition to which deep-chested breeds can be susceptible.
Factors like pregnancy and nursing, or regular participation in rigorous activities, might necessitate adjustments in a Bergamasco’s daily food consumption. It’s always advisable to consult with a veterinarian to fine-tune the dog’s diet, especially if drastic changes are noticed in its weight or energy levels.
When considering the Bergamasco’s feeding routine, it’s also important to have a consistent schedule and a designated feeding area, which can provide a sense of routine and security. Fresh water should always be readily available, and treats should be given only in moderation, ensuring these don’t exceed 10 percent of the dog’s daily caloric intake.
Bergamasco Sheepdog Training
Training a Bergamasco Sheepdog can be a rewarding experience, thanks to their innate intelligence and eagerness to please. Originating with a list of herding duties, these dogs were bred to be independent thinkers, capable of making decisions in the absence of their handlers. This independent streak, paired with an innate intelligence, means that training methods need to be engaging and varied to keep this breed interested.
Despite their independent nature, Bergamascos are generally eager to please their owners. This can be a double-edged sword: while they’re keen to learn and engage, they can sometimes try to outthink their trainers. For this reason, early training and socialization are crucial. Introducing them to a variety of people, places, and other animals during their formative months can go a long way towards ensuring a well-adjusted adult dog.
It’s essential to approach training with consistency. This breed responds best to methods that are firm yet fair. Harsh corrections or punitive measures can often be counterproductive with Bergamascos, given their sensitive nature. Positive reinforcement, like treats, praise, and play, tends to yield the best results.
Potential Bergamasco owners should be prepared for a vocal breed. They have a tendency to bark, often to alert their owners of strangers or potential threats. While this makes them effective watchdogs, it’s also a trait that can be managed with proper training.
Their herding background comes with a certain level of wanderlust. Given an opportunity, a Bergamasco might try to explore its surroundings, driven by curiosity and an instinctual drive to roam and survey.
The Bergamasco’s intelligence also means these dogs can have a high predation instinct. While they get along well with other animals they’ve been raised with, smaller pets might sometimes be seen as prey. Proper introductions and consistent training can help in managing this instinct.
Bergamasco Sheepdog Exercise
Understanding the exercise needs of the Bergamasco Sheepdog is crucial for the overall well-being of these rustic creatures. Rooted in their herding lineage, these dogs come equipped with a moderate-to-high energy level, which means they require regular physical activity to keep them mentally stimulated and physically fit.
Exercise Expectations
Energy Level
Medium-High
Exercise Requirements
1 Hour/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Vigorous Running, Regular Exercise, Playing with Another Dog, Mental Stimulation
Bergamascos, despite their shaggy appearance, are dynamic dogs. Their exercise regimen should be more than just a leisurely walk around the block. Incorporating activities that engage both their mind and body will be beneficial. Play sessions, interactive games, and structured training exercises can be particularly effective in keeping them engaged.
However, the intensity of exercise should be tailored to their indivi
