THE DEADLINE FOR THE APRIL ISSUE IS APRIL 7TH, FEATURING 2025 SPECIALS, WORKING GROUP, AND OWNER HANDLERS.

SUBSCRIBE
ADVERTISE

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Dog Breed

About the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized, energetic breed known for its remarkable ability to lure and retrieve waterfowl. These dogs are intelligent, versatile, and highly trainable, excelling in various canine activities while maintaining a strong drive to work. Their vibrant personality and affectionate nature make them beloved companions for active families and individuals.

AKC Group

AKC Group

Sporting

Dog Breed Height

Height

17 – 21 inches

Dog Breed Weight

Weight

35 – 50 pounds

Dog Breed Lifespan

Lifespan

12 – 14 years

Highlights

Country of Origin Canada
Bred For Tolling, Retrieving
Known For Alertness, Birdiness, Intelligence
Popularity Moderate
Temperament Alert, Intelligent, Ready for Action
Activities Hunting, Running, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports

History of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever has a unique history rooted in the hunting traditions of Nova Scotia, Canada. The breed was developed in the early 19th century to assist hunters in the coastal regions of the province, specifically in luring and retrieving ducks and other waterfowl. The term “tolling” refers to the breedโ€™s characteristic behavior of playfully darting along the waterโ€™s edge, mimicking the movements of foxes, which naturally attract the curiosity of ducks. Once the birds are lured within shooting range, the Toller retrieves the downed game.

The breedโ€™s development is believed to involve a combination of several established purebreds, including spaniels, retrievers, setters, and possibly even collies. The goal was to create a dog that was both an adept retriever and a skilled tolling specialist, with a temperament suitable for working closely with hunters.

The โ€œTollerโ€ was first known as the “Little River Duck Dog,” named after the region in Nova Scotia where it was commonly found. Its distinctive red coat and white markings became a hallmark of the breed, both for its aesthetic appeal and its functional visibility in hunting scenarios.

The Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) officially recognized the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever as a distinct breed in 1945, making it one of the few breeds to originate in Canada. The breed gained international recognition when it was acknowledged by the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1982, and later, by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2003, where it was placed in the Sporting Group.

While the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever was initially bred as a bird dog, its friendly and adaptable nature has made it increasingly popular as a family companion. Yet despite its rise in popularity, it remains a relatively rare breed, admired for its combination of beauty, intelligence, and functionality. Today, the Toller is celebrated not only for its historical role as a hunting partner but also for its success in dog sports, therapy work, and as a loyal and loving companion.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

Male Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers typically stand between 18 and 21 inches tall at the shoulder, while females measure slightly less, ranging from 17 to 20 inches. Weight is in proportion to height and substance, generally between 35 and 50 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a well-balanced, medium-sized dog that is slightly longer than it is tall. It is compact, balanced, and powerful enough to fulfill the demands of fieldwork. Although it is the smallest of the retrievers, the Tollerโ€™s form suggests strength with a high degree of agility.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrieverโ€™s double coat is designed for functionality. The outer coat is medium in length, medium-soft to the touch, and water-repellent, while the undercoat is dense and insulating to protect against cold and wet conditions. The hair on the muzzle is short and fine, and moderate feathering is present on the chest, body, and tail, and on the legs where it forms โ€œpantaloons.โ€

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Colors

Standard Color
Red y
Buff n
Red Gold y

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Markings

Standard Marking
White Markings y

A Note About Color: Any shade of red is allowed, ranging from golden red through dark, coppery red. Lighter shades are deeply pigmented and rich in color. Brown, black, or buff in the coat is not permitted. Markings include at least a white blaze on the head, white on the chest, white feet (not extending above the pasterns), and a white tail tip. White around the ears, on the back of the neck, on the shoulders, and across the flanks is unacceptable.

Head

  • Skull: The skull of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is broad and only slightly rounded, with a slightly wedged shape.
  • Expression: These dogs exhibit a friendly and alert expression, with an intelligent and eager look.
  • Eyes: Eyes are almond-shaped, set well apart, and range in color from amber to brown, harmonizing with the color of the coat.
  • Ears: Ears are triangular, of medium size, and set high, with the front edges slightly lifted when alert.
  • Muzzle: The muzzle is tapered, slightly shorter than the skull, and strong yet soft enough for carrying game.
  • Nose: The broad nose is fully pigmented, blending with the coat color.
  • Bite: A tight scissors bite required full dentition, with strong and well-aligned teeth.

Close-up head photo of a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Tail

The tail of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a defining breed feature. It is set following the very slight slope of the croup, and may be carried below the level of the back except when the dog is moving or otherwise excited, when it is held high in a curve. The tail tapers to a point, and is luxuriantly feathered.

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever โ€“ What to Consider?

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a highly energetic and intelligent breed that thrives in an environment where it can engage in physical activities and mental challenges. These dogs form strong bonds with their families and require consistent attention, making them best suited for active households that are prepared to meet their needs.

Interaction With Family

The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate

Good With Other Dogs

The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs

Good With Young Children

The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children

Amount Of Shedding

The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High

Frequency Of Grooming

The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily

Amount Of Drooling

The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High

Coat Type

smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly

Coat Length

short
medium
long

Trainability Level

The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager

Barking Level

The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal

Energy Level

The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody

Need For Mental Stimulation

The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Health

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of 12 to 14 years. Maintaining good health requires regular veterinary check-ups, a well-balanced diet, and adequate physical activity to support an active lifestyle.

Potential Health Risks

While the Toller is robust, it can be prone to certain health conditions, including:

  • Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the hip joint doesnโ€™t fit properly, potentially leading to painful arthritis over time.
  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): An eye disorder that results in gradual vision loss.
  • Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA): An inherited eye condition affecting the development of the retina.
  • Addisonโ€™s Disease: A hormonal disorder that impacts the adrenal glands, often requiring lifelong care and management.
  • Immune-Mediated Diseases: Such as thyroid issues or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Personality

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is an affectionate, intelligent, and playful breed that thrives on human interaction. These dogs are highly people-oriented, forming close bonds with their families and often following their favorite humans from room to room. Tollers are generally friendly with strangers and get along well with children and other pets, making them a great choice as a companion.

While eager to please, Tollers are also known for their independence and occasional stubbornness, which can make training a challenge without consistency and positive reinforcement. They are sensitive to their environment and respond best to gentle and encouraging handling.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Feeding & Nutrition

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers require a high-quality diet that meets their nutritional needs at every stage of life. Puppies benefit from a diet designed for large-breed puppies, which supports controlled growth and helps to prevent joint issues.

Adult Tollers typically consume about 2 to 3 cups of high-quality dog food per day, divided into two meals, to maintain their energy levels and prevent overeating. The exact amount depends on the dogโ€™s age, activity level, and metabolism. Monitoring the dogโ€™s weight and adjusting portion sizes accordingly ensures optimal condition for a lifetime.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Training

Tollers are highly intelligent and eager to learn, making them relatively easy to train with the right approach. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats, toys, and praise, work best, as these dogs are sensitive and may shut down when harsh training techniques are implemented.

The Tollerโ€™s strong prey drive and natural hunting instincts mean early recall training and leash manners are crucial, particularly in areas where distractions like wildlife are present. These dogs can excel in Obedience, Agility, and other canine sports, which not only challenge their minds but also strengthen the bond they share with their human partners. Consistent, engaging training is key to keeping these intelligent dogs mentally stimulated and well-mannered.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Exercise

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers are high-energy dogs with a strong need for daily exercise to keep them healthy and happy. They thrive on activities that challenge both their physical endurance and their mental sharpness, such as long walks, energetic runs, or games of fetch.

Exercise Expectations

Energy Level High
Exercise Requirements 1 Hour/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Daily Exercise, Swimming

As natural retrievers, Tollers love water and excel in activities like swimming and Dock Diving, making them ideal companions for families who enjoy outdoor adventures. Without sufficient exercise and stimulation, they may become bored and develop undesirable behaviors, so they are best suited for active households.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Grooming

Tollers have a double coat that requires regular grooming to keep it clean and healthy. Weekly brushing is sufficient for most of the year, but during seasonal shedding periods more frequent brushing helps with managing the increased hair loss.

Grooming Expectations

Coat Type Dense, Medium Length, Medium Softness, Water-Repellent
Grooming Requirements Weekly Brushing, Occasional Bathing, Routine Ear Cleaning, Periodic Nail Trimming, Regular Tooth Brushing

The breedโ€™s coat is water-repellent and relatively easy to maintain, but feathering on the legs, chest, and tail should be checked for tangles and debris. Routine care, including nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental hygiene, is essential to keep them comfortable and for preventing health issues.

Living with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Tollers adapt well to various living situations, but they are best suited to homes where they have access to outdoor space and plenty of exercise. While they can live in apartments if given sufficient activity, they thrive in larger homes with a securely fenced yard where they can run and play safely.

Tollers are well-equipped for colder climates, thanks to their dense, water-resistant coats, but they may need extra care in hot weather to avoid overheating. As sociable dogs, they do best in households where they can be part of daily activities, since they typically do not handle long periods of isolation very well.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Puppies

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever puppies are curious and energetic, requiring early socialization and structured routines to grow into well-rounded adults. Introducing them to new environments, people, and animals during puppyhood helps to develop their confidence and adaptability.

Caring for a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Puppy

Caring for a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever puppy involves meeting the little oneโ€™s physical, mental, and social needs. A high-quality puppy food designed for large-breed puppies supports controlled growth and helps to prevent joint problems. Meals should be divided into three to four portions daily to avoid overfeeding and promote steady development.

Training should start immediately, focusing on basic obedience, crate training, and house training. Positive reinforcement methods work best, as the Toller pup is eager to learn but can be sensitive to harsh handling. Socialization is equally important to ensure the puppy grows up to be comfortable with new experiences and environments.

Veterinary check-ups are essential for the Toller puppy during the first year to monitor growth and provide vaccinations and preventive care. Establishing grooming routines early, including brushing and nail trimming, accustoms the puppy to being handled and sets the stage for long-term health and hygiene. Balancing exercise and rest is crucial, as overexertion can cause stresses and strains. Short play sessions and interactive games are good for challenging both body and mind.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Activities & Dog Sports

  • Field Trials and Hunt Tests: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers excel in these events, showcasing their natural retrieving abilities.
  • Agility: The Tollerโ€™s speed, intelligence, and athleticism can make these dogs outstanding competitors in this high-energy sport.
  • Obedience: They can perform exceptionally well in Obedience competitions, demonstrating their eagerness to please and perform with precision.
  • Rally: Tollers can participate in Rally, where their bond with their handlers often shine.
  • Dock Diving: With their love for water and strong swimming skills, they are natural competitors in Dock Diving.
  • Conformation Shows: Tollers can be standout performers in the show ring, displaying their balanced build and striking red coats.
  • Therapy Work: Their outgoing nature can be beneficial for work as therapy dogs in hospitals and healthcare facilities.
  • Search and Rescue: With their intelligence and scenting ability, some Tollers may be well-suited for Search and Rescue work.
  • Canine Good Citizen (CGC): Tollers can excel in earning this certification, which highlights their trainability and sociability.

Group Classification & Standards

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

International Organizations

Organization Group Designation
AKC (American Kennel Club) Sporting
UKC (United Kennel Club) Gun Dog
CKC (Canadian Kennel Club) Sporting Dogs
ANKC (Australian National Kennel Council) Gundogs
RKC (The Royal Kennel Club) Gundog
FCI (Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale) Group 7: Pointing Dogs Section 2.1: British and Irish Setters, Pointer

The ideal Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the worldโ€™s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Breed Standards

Organization Breed Standard
American Kennel Club AKC NSDTR Breed Standard
United Kennel Club UKC NSDTR Breed Standard
Canadian Kennel Club CKC NSDTR Breed Standard
Australian National Kennel Council ANKC NSDTR Breed Standard
The Royal Kennel Club RKC NSDTR Breed Standard
Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale FCI NSDTR Breed Standard

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Clubs

  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club: Established in 1984, this is the official parent club in the United States, dedicated to promoting and preserving the breed through education, competitive and social events, and responsible breeding practices.
  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club of Canada: Founded in 1974, this club focuses on supporting the breedโ€™s heritage and promoting activities like Field Trials and Conformation Shows in Canada, where the breed originated.
  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club of UK: Established in 1993, this club is dedicated to the breed in the UK, offering resources, events, and advocacy for responsible breeding and ownership.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Rescue Groups

  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club Rescue Program: Operated by the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club, this rescue program focuses on rehabilitating and rehoming Tollers in need across the United States.
  • Toller Rescue Inc.: Volunteers with this rescue organization assist with placing and rehoming Tollers in need to make sure they are matched with the right forever homes.

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Facts

  • Unique Hunting Technique: The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever uses playful movements along the shoreline to lure curious ducks closer, a method inspired by foxes.
  • Smallest Retriever: Tollers are the smallest of all retriever breeds, combining quickness and agility in a medium-sized package.
  • Canadian Origin: The Toller is one of only a few recognized breeds developed in Canada, with its roots tracing back to the 19th century in Nova Scotia.
  • Distinctive Scream: Tollers are known for their unique “Toller scream,” a high-pitched, excited vocalization often made during play or in anticipation of an activity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers shed?

Yes, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers shed moderately throughout the year, with heavier shedding during seasonal changes. Regular brushing helps to manage shedding and keeps the double coat in good condition.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers hypoallergenic?

No, Tollers are not hypoallergenic. They produce dander and they shed, which can trigger allergies in sensitive individuals.

How long do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers live?

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers typically live between 12 and 14 years. Proper care, including exercise, a healthy diet, and regular veterinary visits, can support longevity.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers good family dogs?

Yes, Tollers can make excellent family dogs due to their affectionate, friendly, and playful nature. They thrive in active households and get along well with children and other pets when properly socialized.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers bark a lot?

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers are not excessive barkers, but they may bark to alert their human companions or when excited. Early training and socialization can help to manage any undesirable vocalizations.

Latest Articles

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (Toller)
Jennifer Hollis

What is Tolling?

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (Toller) was developed in the early 19th century to toll, lure, and retrieve waterfowl. So, what is tolling?

Read More ยป

Find a Breeder or Rescue

The best way to ensure a long and happy relationship with a purebred dog is to purchase one from a responsible breeder. Not sure where to begin?

Contact the National Parent Clubโ€™s Breeder Referral Program, which is listed on the AKC Breeder Referral Contacts page.

Find a Breeder or Rescue