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Alaskan Malamute Dog Breed

About the Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is a powerful and resilient dog originally bred for hauling heavy freight across the vast Arctic tundra. Known for its size, strength, and endurance, the โ€œMalamuteโ€ is highly regarded as both a loyal companion and a true pack animal in cold environments.

AKC Group

AKC Group

Working

Dog Breed Height

Height

23 – 25 inches

Dog Breed Weight

Weight

75 – 85 pounds

Dog Breed Lifespan

Lifespan

10 – 14 years

Highlights

Country of Origin United States
Bred For Sledge Dog
Known For Strength, Endurance, Thick Coat, Facial Markings
Popularity Moderate
Temperament Affectionate, Loyal, Self-Confident, Strong-Willed
Activities Hauling, Running, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports

History of the Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is one of the oldest Arctic sled dog breeds, with a history tracing back thousands of years. The breed was developed by the Mahlemiut people, an Inuit group from the Kotzebue Sound region of Alaska. These dogs were bred to assist in hauling heavy loads, pulling sleds, and performing other tasks essential to survival in the harsh Arctic environment. The Malamuteโ€™s strength, stamina, and ability to work in freezing temperatures made the dogs indispensable to their communities.

Unlike other sled dog breeds designed for speed, Malamutes were bred primarily for power and endurance. They were used to transport goods, and accompany hunters in the pursuit of seals and polar bears. Their loyalty and work ethic made them trusted partners for the Mahlemut people, and their thick double coats provided insulation against extreme cold.

The Malamute gained recognition outside Alaska as explorers and others began importing dogs for use in expeditions and sled races, and as working dogs. During the Klondike Gold Rush of the late 19th century, prospectors and settlers brought dogs with them and crossbreeding occurred. However, the Malamute remained distinct thanks to the efforts of indigenous groups who preserved its purity.

The breed gained further prominence during World War II, when Alaskan Malamutes were used by the US military for hauling supplies, search and rescue missions, and other critical operations. Their contributions to the war effort solidified their reputation as reliable and versatile working dogs.

The Alaskan Malamute was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1935 and is a member of the Working Group. Today, the breed is admired for its historical significance, physical power, and devoted nature. Although Malamutes are less commonly used for heavy hauling in modern times, they can excel in a variety of activities, including weight pulling, backpacking, and recreational sledding. They remain a popular choice for families who appreciate an affectionate and loyal companion with a rather striking, wolf-like appearance.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

Male Alaskan Malamutes typically stand around 25 inches tall at the shoulder, weighing approximately 85 pounds. Females are slightly smaller, standing at 23 inches tall and weighing around 75 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Alaskan Malamute is powerfully built and well-proportioned, with a compact and muscular frame designed for strength and endurance. The breedโ€™s body is slightly longer than its height at the shoulders, and its deep chest and well-developed limbs support its ability to haul heavy loads over long distances.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Alaskan Malamute has a double coat designed to protect against extreme cold. The outer guard hairs are thick, coarse, and water-repellent, while the undercoat is dense, woolly, and oily to provide insulation. The coat is of medium length, with longer hair on the shoulders, neck, back, and tail where it forms a waving plume.

Alaskan Malamute Colors

Standard Color
Gray & White y
Black & White y
Red & White y
Seal & White y
Silver & White y
White y
Sable & White y
Blue & White y
Agouti & White n

Alaskan Malamute Markings

Standard Marking
Black Mask n
Gray Mask n

A Note About Color: The coat color of the Alaskan Malamute ranges from light gray through intermediate shadings of black, sable, and shadings of sable to red. The only solid color permitted is all white, and white is always the predominant color on the underbody, parts of the legs, feet, and as part of the facial markings. The guard hairs contain bands of color, with the lightest color at the base and the darkest color at the tip. Trimmings are shades of gold, cream, brown, buff, or red on the ears, facial markings, underbelly, and legs. These are located where the light and dark shades meet. Facial markings include an open (white) face, mask, star, blaze, cap, bar, and goggles. Chest markings include a necklace (single band of dark color) or an eagle emblem (two bands of dark that form a pattern).

Head

  • Skull: The Alaskan Malamuteโ€™s skull is broad, deep, and moderately rounded, with a slight furrow between the eyes.
  • Expression: The breedโ€™s expression is soft, friendly, and conveys intelligence.
  • Eyes: Eyes are almond-shaped, set obliquely, and are brown in color, with darker shades preferred.
  • Ears: Ears are medium-sized, triangular, and set wide apart, with slightly rounded tips. They are erect when alert but often lie back when the dog is working.
  • Muzzle: The muzzle is broad, deep, and tapers slightly towards the nose, but is not pointed.
  • Nose: The nose is black, except in red-coated dogs where it may be brown or liver-colored.
  • Bite: A strong scissors bite is preferred, with large, evenly spaced teeth.

Close-up head photo of an Alaskan Malamute

Tail

The tail of the Alaskan Malamute is heavily coated and carried over the back in a gentle curve. It is well-furnished with a plume-like appearance and is neither tightly curled nor flat against the back.

The Alaskan Malamute โ€“ What to Consider?

The Alaskan Malamute is a powerful, energetic breed that requires dedicated care and attention from potential owners. These dogs thrive in active households where their need for exercise, mental stimulation, and social interaction can be consistently met. Their friendly and loyal nature makes them excellent companions, but their strength and independence require experienced handlers who understand their working-dog temperament.

Interaction With Family

The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate

Good With Other Dogs

The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs

Good With Young Children

The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children

Amount Of Shedding

The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High

Frequency Of Grooming

The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily

Amount Of Drooling

The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High

Coat Type

smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly

Coat Length

short
medium
long

Trainability Level

The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager

Barking Level

The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal

Energy Level

The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody

Need For Mental Stimulation

The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction

Alaskan Malamute Health

The Alaskan Malamute is generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of 10 to 14 years. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle are crucial to maintaining overall health and well-being.

Potential Health Risks

Although robust, the Alaskan Malamute can be prone to certain health conditions, including:

  • Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the hip joint does not fit properly, potentially causing arthritis.
  • Elbow Dysplasia: A developmental issue that can lead to joint pain and lameness.
  • Inherited Polyneuropathy (PN): A condition affecting the peripheral nerves, causing weakness and coordination issues.
  • Chondrodysplasia: Also known as dwarfism, this is a genetic disorder that affects bone growth.
  • Cataracts: An eye condition that can impair vision, particularly as the dog ages.
  • Hypothyroidism: A hormonal imbalance affecting metabolism, which may cause weight gain and lethargy.
  • Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat): A life-threatening condition where the stomach twists and fills with gas, requiring immediate medical intervention.

Alaskan Malamute Personality

Alaskan Malamutes are friendly, outgoing, and affectionate dogs that form strong bonds with their families. They are known for their loyal and gentle nature, making them good companions for children, though their size and strength require adult supervision.

These dogs are independent thinkers, a trait inherited from their working-dog origins, which can make them appear stubborn at times. While they are generally friendly towards strangers and other dogs, early socialization is crucial to promote proper behavior and prevent dominance issues with other animals.

Alaskan Malamute Feeding & Nutrition

The Alaskan Malamute requires a high-quality diet that meets its energy needs while maintaining a healthy weight. Adult Malamutes typically consume 2.5 to 4 cups of dry dog food per day, divided into two meals, though this amount can vary depending on the dogโ€™s size, age, and activity level.

Puppies need a diet formulated for large-breed growth, with meals split into three to four portions daily to support healthy development. Monitoring weight gain and adjusting portions as necessary is essential, as this breed can be prone to obesity. Fresh water should always be available, especially after exercise.

Alaskan Malamute Training

Alaskan Malamutes are intelligent and capable learners, but their independent and strong-willed nature can make training a challenge for inexperienced owners. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats and praise, work best, as harsh corrections may cause resistance or distrust.

Early training and socialization are critical to establish boundaries and ensure that the Malamute is well-behaved in various environments. Recall training is particularly important, as the breed can have a strong prey drive and may wander off if given the chance. Consistency, patience, and engaging activities that challenge the mind will yield the best results with this breed.

Alaskan Malamute Exercise

Alaskan Malamutes are a high-energy breed that requires significant daily exercise to stay healthy and happy. These dogs thrive on activities like long walks, hiking, running, or pulling sleds or carts, which allow them to channel their strength and stamina.

Exercise Expectations

Energy Level Moderate to High
Exercise Requirements 2 Hours/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Vigorous Running, Regular Exercise, Mental Stimulation

Without sufficient exercise, Malamutes can become bored and develop destructive behaviors, such as digging or chewing. Potential owners should be prepared to dedicate at least 1 to 2 hours per day to physical and mental stimulation.

Alaskan Malamute Grooming

The Alaskan Malamuteโ€™s thick double coat requires regular grooming to keep it in good condition. Weekly brushing is sufficient for most of the year, but during seasonal shedding periods, daily brushing is necessary to manage the heavy shedding.

Grooming Expectations

Coat Type Short, Dense, Smooth, Shiney
Grooming Requirements Weekly Brushing, Occasional Bathing, Routine Ear Cleaning, Periodic Nail Trimming, Regular Tooth Brushing

Bathing is only needed occasionally, as the breedโ€™s coat naturally repels dirt, and regular nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental care should be part of the grooming routine. Checking for tangles, especially in the longer hair around the neck and tail, is essential to prevent matting.

Living with an Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamutes are best suited to homes with ample space and a securely fenced yard, as their size and energy levels make them less suitable for apartment living. They are adaptable to cold climates and thrive in snowy conditions, but they can struggle in hot weather and require extra care to keep them cool.

These dogs are highly social and prefer to be part of the family, making them ill-suited for long periods of isolation. Potential owners should be prepared for a devoted companion that needs consistent attention, engagement, and companionship to live a full life.

Alaskan Malamute Puppies

Alaskan Malamute puppies are playful, curious, and full of energy, requiring early socialization and structured routines to grow into well-behaved adults. Introducing them to different environments, people, and animals during their early weeks of life helps to build confidence and ensures they adapt well to new situations.

Caring for an Alaskan Malamute Puppy

Caring for an Alaskan Malamute puppy involves meeting the little oneโ€™s nutritional, physical, and social needs. The puppy should be fed high-quality large-breed puppy food that supports healthy growth while preventing overly rapid weight gain, which can strain developing joints. Meals should be divided into three to four portions daily.

Training should begin as soon as the puppy arrives home, focusing on basic commands, housetraining, and leash manners. Positive reinforcement methods work best, as Malamutes are intelligent but can also be strong-willed. Socialization during this stage is critical to ensuring the pup is comfortable with other dogs, people, and new environments.

Regular veterinary visits are essential during the first year for vaccinations, deworming, and monitoring growth. Establishing a grooming routine early, such as weekly brushing and nail trimming, helps the Malamute puppy become accustomed to handling and sets the stage for lifelong coat and hygiene care. Balancing exercise with rest is key, as overexertion can be harmful to the developing body. Interactive play and short walks will help to keep both body and mind engaged.

Alaskan Malamute Activities & Dog Sports

  • Sledding: Alaskan Malamutes excel in this traditional activity, showcasing their strength and endurance over long distances.
  • Weight Pulling: Their impressive power makes them natural competitors in weight-pulling events, where they can safely demonstrate their physical capabilities.
  • Carting: Malamutes can enjoy this activity, pulling loaded carts during recreational or competitive events.
  • Agility: While not as fast as some breeds, they can perform well in Agility Trials with proper training and motivation.
  • Obedience: Their intelligence and trainability can shine in Obedience competitions, though they require consistent and patient training.
  • Conformation Shows: Malamutes are a standout in the show ring where their powerful build and striking appearance can be appreciated.
  • Therapy Work: With their friendly and gentle nature, some Malamutes are used as therapy dogs, providing comfort in hospitals or care facilities.
    Search and Rescue: The breedโ€™s endurance and keen senses can be utilized in Search and Rescue missions.
    Hiking & Backpacking: Alaskan Malamutes are excellent companions for hiking trips, happily carrying their own packs.

Group Classification & Standards

The Alaskan Malamute is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

International Organizations

Organization Group Designation
AKC (American Kennel Club) Working
UKC (United Kennel Club) Northern
CKC (Canadian Kennel Club) Working
ANKC (Australian National Kennel Council) Utility
RKC (The Royal Kennel Club) Working
FCI (Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale) Group 5: Spitz and Primitive Type; Section 1: Nordic Sledge Dogs

The ideal Alaskan Malamute is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the worldโ€™s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Breed Standards

Organization Breed Standard
American Kennel Club AKC Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
United Kennel Club UKC Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
Canadian Kennel Club CKC Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
Australian National Kennel Council ANKC Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
The Royal Kennel Club RKC Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale FCI Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard

Alaskan Malamute Clubs

  • Alaskan Malamute Club of America: Established in 1935, the AMCA is the official parent club for the breed in the United States. It promotes breed education, responsible ownership, and participation in various activities, including Conformation Shows, sledding, and weight-pulling competitions.
  • Alaskan Malamute Club of Canada: Founded in 1960, the AMCC supports the breed in Canada through events, breed education, and rescue initiatives.
  • Alaskan Malamute Club of the UK: Established in 1967, AMCUK focuses on preserving and promoting the breed in the UK, offering resources, hosting events, and providing community support for owners and breeders.

Alaskan Malamute Rescue Groups

  • Alaskan Malamute Assistance League: A non-profit organization recognized by the Alaskan Malamute Club of America. AMAL focuses on rescuing, rehabilitating, and rehoming Malamutes across the United States.
  • Alaskan Malamute HELP League: This Canadian charitable organization provides shelter and adoption services for Malamutes in need. The group also offers education and support to ensure successful placements and promote responsible ownership.
  • Alaskan Malamute Breed Rescue: Operated by volunteers on behalf of the Alaskan Malamute Club of the United Kingdom, this rescue department focuses on rehoming Malamutes in need.

Alaskan Malamute Facts

  • Ancient Heritage: The Alaskan Malamute is one of the oldest Arctic sled dog breeds, with a lineage dating back over 4,000 years to the Mahlemiut people of Alaska.
  • Incredible Strength: Malamutes were bred for hauling heavy loads rather than for their speed, and they can pull several times their own body weight.
  • Distinguishing Howl: Unlike most dogs, Malamutes are known for their unique howling rather than barking, often using vocalizations to communicate.
  • “Snowshoe” Feet: Their large, webbed paws act like snowshoes, helping them traverse deep snow with ease.
  • Hollywood Fame: Alaskan Malamutes were used to portray wolves in numerous films and television shows due to their striking, wolf-like appearance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Alaskan Malamutes shed?

Yes, Alaskan Malamutes shed heavily, especially during seasonal coat changes twice a year. Regular brushing helps to manage the shedding and keeps the thick double coat healthy.

Are Alaskan Malamutes hypoallergenic?

No, Alaskan Malamutes are not hypoallergenic. Their shedding and dander can trigger allergies in sensitive individuals.

How long do Alaskan Malamutes live?

Alaskan Malamutes typically live between 10 and 14 years. Proper care, including regular exercise, a healthy diet, and routine veterinary check-ups, can support their longevity.

Are Alaskan Malamutes good family dogs?

Yes, Alaskan Malamutes are excellent family dogs due to their friendly, affectionate, and loyal nature. However, their size and strength require supervision around small children.

Do Alaskan Malamutes bark a lot?

Alaskan Malamutes are not frequent barkers, but they are very vocal and communicate through howls, grumbles, and other vocalizations. They may howl or vocalize when excited or seeking attention.

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Find a Breeder or Rescue

The best way to ensure a long and happy relationship with a purebred dog is to purchase one from a responsible breeder. Not sure where to begin?

Contact the National Parent Clubโ€™s Breeder Referral Program, which is listed on the AKC Breeder Referral Contacts page.

Find a Breeder or Rescue