History of the Bulldog
The modern Bulldog is quite different from its ancestors, which were descended from ancient mastiff-type canines and developed entirely in England. The breed was first mentioned by name in 1500, illustrating a man with two Bulldogges, indicating the breed’s early existence. Back then, the dogs were actively involved in the violent sport of bull-baiting, where the dogs would aggressively grip the bull’s nose and vigorously shake it for sport.
Early Bulldogs were bigger and heavier than current breed, having been intentionally bred to excel at this rigorous pastime. They would crawl on their bellies to avoid the bull’s horns. Then, they’d use their powerful jaws to latch securely around the bull’s snout, refusing to let go. The dogs’ short, flat noses allowed them to breathe while maintaining their grasp, and their pain tolerance allowed them to withstand the grueling combat.
The road to recovery for the Bulldog was not without difficulties. The first Bulldog breed club was created in 1864, but it folded after only three years. The perseverance of Bulldog enthusiasts, however, triumphed, and in 1890, the Bulldog Club of America was created, setting a new standard for the breed. A Breed Standard was revised and adapted several times before finally becoming accepted in 1896.
The Bulldog’s popularity grew rapidly in the United States, eventually leading to the breed’s recognition by the American Kennel Club in 1890. Bulldogs have been popular as companion dogs ever since, achieving new heights in the 1940s and ’50s, and again in the 2010s and ’20s.
General Appearance
Height & Weight
Mature Bulldogs typically stand between 12 and 16 inches tall at the shoulder, although adult females are generally shorter than the males.
Adult males typically weigh around 50 pounds, while mature females average around 40 pounds in weight.
Proportion & Substance
The Bulldog is unforgettable, with a compact construction that differs from that of all other dog breeds. It has a deep and capacious body, well let-down between the shoulders and forelegs, giving a broad, low, and short-legged appearance overall. There is a fullness to the brisket and well-rounded ribs, and a comparatively narrow loin that contributes to the breed’s pear shape when seen from above. Despite the breed’s somewhat disparate parts and pieces, proportion and symmetry should never be compromised and no feature should be too prominent or obscure.
Coat Texture, Colors & Markings
Texture: The single coat of the Bulldog is straight, short, flat, and fine in texture, with a smooth and glossy appearance. It is close-fitting on skin that is soft and loose, especially on the head, neck, and shoulders.
Bulldog Colors
|
Standard Color |
| Fawn |
ee |
| Fawn & White |
ee |
| Fawn Brindle & White |
ee |
| Red |
ee |
| Red & White |
ee |
| Red Brindle |
ee |
| Red Brindle & White |
ee |
| White |
ee |
| Fawn & Brindle |
ee |
| Fallow |
ee |
A Note About Color: The Bulldog is a colorful breed, with a variety of colors and markings that make every individual a unique character. Whatever the dog’s coloration, colors are uniform, pure, and brilliant. Patterns and markings include brindle, piebald, ticking, black masks, and black tipping. All other colors and markings are unacceptable in the breed.
Bulldog Markings
|
Standard Marking |
| Black Mask |
ee |
| Piebald |
ee |
| White Markings |
ee |
| Ticked |
ee |
| Black Tips |
ee |
| Brindle |
ee |
Head
- Skull: The skull of the Bulldog is very large and its circumference should measure at least the height of the dog at the shoulders, as measured in front of the ears. When viewed from the front, it should appear very high from the corner of the lower jaw to the peak of the skull, and it should appear quite broad and square, with well-rounded cheeks. When viewed from the side, the head has a well-defined stop and should appear very high and very short from the tip of the nose to the occiput.
- Expression: The expression is rather formidable in a way that belies the breed’s gentle and friendly disposition.
- Eyes: The eyes should be set low on a skull, as far from the ears as possible. They should be in front of the head and set wide apart. Their shape is round and their size is moderate, neither sunken nor bulging, with a very dark color. The eyelids should cover the whites of the eyes, and blue, green, or parti-colored eye(s) are unacceptable in the breed.
- Ears: Bulldog ears are relatively small-to-medium in size when compared to the overall size of the head. They are set high and folded inward at the back lower edge, with the upper front edge curving over, outward, and backward to reveal the inside of the ears. These “rose ears” are an essential characteristic of the breed, and prick, button, tulip-shaped, or fly-away ears are unacceptable.
- Muzzle: Bulldogs have a short and broad muzzle. This “brachycephalic” configuration presents a muzzle that has “lay-back” and is short in length as compared to its width. The skin on the muzzle forms wrinkles and folds, particularly around the nose and the sides of the head.
- Nose: A broad and flat nose is part of the breed’s brachycephalic facial structure. This contributes to the Bulldog’s characteristic look. The nose is large, broad, and tipped back deeply between the eyes. The nostrils should be large and wide, and the color of the nose should be black.
- Bite: The Bulldog has massive, broad, and square jaws with an undershot bite. This configuration is due to a lower jaw which projects considerably in front of the upper jaw in an upward sweep.
Tail
The Bulldog can have one of two different types of tail. Some have a tail that is straight, whereas others have a “screwed” tail. Straight tails are uniform in shape and taper towards the end. Screwed tails have well-defined bends and kinks, although these should never be elevated above the root of the tail. In either case, the tail is typically thick at the base, short, and hung low, with a decidedly downward carriage.
The Bulldog – What to Consider?
The Bulldog is typically gentle, affectionate, and good with families, making the breed an excellent choice as a companion in a variety of homes. These dogs are known for their loyalty and protective nature.; however, they can be a bit lazy and enjoy lounging around the house. They’re also known for their unique appearance, and their unusual faces can lead to respiratory issues. Bulldogs are social creatures that require regular interaction with their people. They can be prone to separation anxiety, so it’s important to ensure they’re not left alone for extended periods.
Home Life
Interaction With Family
The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate
Good With Other Dogs
The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs
Good With Young Children
The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children
Upkeep
Amount Of Shedding
The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High
Frequency Of Grooming
The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily
Amount Of Drooling
The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High
Coat Type
smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly
Behavior
Acceptance Of New People
The likelihood of a breed to be friendly towards strangers will vary. While some breeds may consistently exhibit reserve or caution around unfamiliar people, regardless of the setting, others are often eager to greet and interact with any new person they meet.
Reserved Outgoing
Protective Nature
The propensity of a dog to notify you of the presence of strangers is breed-dependent. Some breeds are more inclined to respond to any perceived threat, be it the mailman or a squirrel outside the window. However, most breeds are generally more accepting of strangers who are welcomed by their human family members.
Minimal Interest Maximum Vigilance
Playfulness Level
The likelihood of a breed remaining playful beyond puppyhood will vary. Certain breeds retain their enthusiasm for activities like tug-of-war or games of fetch well into their adult years, whereas others are more content to simply lounge on the sofa with you for the majority of time.
Low High
Adaptability Level
The ease with which a breed can adapt to changes in its environment can vary greatly. This adaptability encompasses how well a breed is likely to cope with alterations to its home and yard, noise levels, weather conditions, daily routines, and other fluctuations in everyday life.
Low High
Personality
Trainability Level
The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager
Barking Level
The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal
Energy Level
The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody
Need For Mental Stimulation
The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction
Bulldog Health
The Bulldog can be prone to certain health issues, including hip dysplasia, skin fold infections, eye problems, and respiratory difficulties due to the shape of the breed’s muzzle. Responsible breeding practices and regular veterinary check-ups are vital for maintaining the health of the breed and welfare of every Bulldog.
The average lifespan of the Bulldog is 8 to 10 years, but with good breeding practices, proper care, a balanced diet, and regular check-ups, many can thrive beyond these years.
Potential Health Risks
The health of the Bulldog, like that of any dog, is a top priority for responsible breeders and owners. Due to the breed’s unique physical characteristics, individuals can be prone to certain health issues, including:
- Cherry Eye: Cherry eye is a condition in which the gland under the third eyelid protrudes, causing a red, swollen appearance in the corner of the eye that resembles a cherry. While it is not usually unpleasant, it can cause discomfort and irritation. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to relocate the gland and resolve the problem.
- Dry Eye: Also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye occurs when a dog’s tear production is insufficient, resulting in dry and irritated eyes. This can cause pain, redness, and a blue haze over the cornea. A veterinary visit is required to precisely identify the illness and supply appropriate eye drops or ointments to adequately control the symptoms.
- Entropion: This is a disorder in which a dog’s eyelashes shift inward, rubbing on the surface of the eye and causing irritation, excessive tearing, and discomfort. Corneal injury can develop in severe cases. To realign the eyelids and avoid further issues, surgical correction is frequently advised.
- Inverted or Reverse Sneezing: While not a health issue, inverted or reverse sneezing is common in Bulldogs. It occurs when nasal fluids fall down the soft palate, causing a temporary airway closure. During these instances, owners can calm their dogs by gently massaging their throats or by providing a diversion.
- Brachycephalic Syndrome: Because of the breed’s short head and restricted nostrils, some Bulldogs can be susceptible to brachycephalic syndrome, which causes obstructed airways. This might result in noisy or laborious breathing, particularly during activity or in hot temperatures. Treatment options include everything from oxygen therapy to corrective surgery to help the dog breathe better.
- Head Shakes: These present as involuntary side-to-side or up-and-down movements that may be caused by stress or low blood sugar levels. If the shaking is not caused by excitement or stress, a quick veterinary visit is recommended to rule out any underlying health conditions that are causing discomfort.
- Demodectic Mange: This is caused by mites that live naturally in a dog’s skin and hair follicles. These mites can multiply excessively in some situations, particularly when a dog’s immune system is impaired, resulting in localized or generalized skin issues. To effectively manage the disease, it is critical to seek veterinarian care as soon as possible.
- Hip Dysplasia: Hip dysplasia is a condition characterized by an incorrectly formed hip joint, resulting in a poor fit between the thigh bone and hip socket. Because of the breed’s inherently shallow hip joints, some Bulldogs can show symptoms of hip dysplasia on X-rays, yet they do not necessarily experience substantial disability or pain. Controlled exercise and proper weight management can help to ease symptoms and lower the chance of joint problems.
- Patellar Luxation: Patellar luxation is a not uncommon problem in which the kneecap does not properly align within the groove of the femur. Over time, this can lead to lameness, an irregular gait, and even arthritis. Depending on the severity, treatment options range from conservative therapy to surgical repair. Regular veterinary exams are required to monitor the dog’s joint health and to determine the appropriate care that’s needed.
Bulldog Personality
One of the most striking aspects of the Bulldog’s personality is its loyalty and devotion to its family. These dogs form a deep connection with their owners and their loyalty knows no bounds. Whether it’s a quiet evening at home or an adventurous family gathering, Bulldogs will enjoy it, offering everyone a heavy dose of love and companionship.
The Bulldog’s extraordinary appearance may extrude strength, but the breed’s true nature is remarkably gentle. These dogs are known for their enthusiasm and affection, and they can sense the emotions of their owners and provide comfort and solace when needed. Their gentle nature makes them excellent family companions, including families with young children.
The breed’s characteristic inner strength contributes to its usefulness as a family companion. Bulldogs have a natural instinct to watch over their loved ones, and this protective instinct, combined with their loyalty, reinforces the strong bond that’s shared between Bulldogs and their people.
Despite the Bulldog’s often laid-back demeanor, these dogs have a playful side. They enjoy games, toys, and playtime with their family members, and their lively nature can bring joy and laughter to the household. Bulldogs, it should be noted, typically make excellent playmates for children.
Another aspect of the Bulldog’s personality is its determination. This trait has strong historical roots, as the ancestors of today’s dogs were originally bred for bull-baiting and showed outstanding courage in the face of danger. While modern Bulldogs are not involved in such activities, their resilience remains. However, this can sometimes be translated as stubbornness which can make training an interesting, if occasionally frustrating, challenge.
Bulldog Feeding & Nutrition
Feeding and nutrition are foundational components of responsible Bulldog care. The Bulldog, with its unique appearance and characteristics, requires special dietary considerations to ensure its health and well-being. They are a brachycephalic breed, characterized by their snouts and facial structures. These physical traits affect their feeding habits and digestion so the diet should be formed according to that.
The Bulldog should do well on high-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared under the supervision and consent of your veterinarian. Bulldogs need an adequate amount of protein to maintain muscle health. They are prone to obesity, so it’s crucial to monitor their fat intake.
Bulldogs may act like they’re always hungry, but owners should resist the temptation to overfeed. Portion sizes should be followed by labels on the dog food packaging considering the Bulldog’s age, weight, and activity level. Bulldogs can be prone to bloat or gastric torsion, a potentially life-threatening condition. To help prevent this, a slow feeder bowl can slow down their eating pace.
Obesity exacerbates respiratory difficulties in Bulldogs due to their brachycephalic structure. Maintaining a healthy weight can alleviate some of these issues. Keeping an eye on them to see whether they are gaining weight is important. Obesity can reduce a dog’s lifetime and put him at risk for additional health problems.
Bulldog Training
To train a Bulldog effectively, it is essential to understand the breed’s characteristics and temperament. Bulldogs are known for their loyalty, and they tend to be gentle, affectionate, and good-natured. However, they can also be strong-willed and possess a stubborn streak, so training can be challenging sometimes.
It is important to note that the typical Bulldog does not respond well to harsh training methods or punishment. Positive reinforcement works best and involves rewarding desirable behaviors with treats, praise, or affection, while ignoring poor behavior. Bulldogs respond well to this approach, as they are generally eager to please and want to do well.
Consistency and patience are paramount while training the Bulldog. The breed is not known as a quick learner, so it’s important to remain persistent and patient throughout the process. Consistency also extends to the use of positive commands and social cues.
Socialization is another crucial aspect of Bulldog training. Early and continued exposure to a variety of environments, people, and other animals can reduce the risk of fear or aggression in unfamiliar situations. It also helps the Bulldog puppy develop into a well-rounded and confident adult.
Bulldog Exercise
The Bulldog, with its stocky build and signature wrinkles, is often viewed as a couch potato. However, despite not being as hyperactive as some other breeds, the Bulldog does require regular periods of moderate exercise to maintain good overall health, prevent obesity, and ensure the dog leads a happy and fulfilling, if somewhat laid-back, life.
Exercise Expectations
| Energy Level |
Moderate |
| Exercise Requirements |
20 Minutes/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Regular Exercise, Playing with Another Dog, Mental Stimulation |
To keep a Bulldog at a healthy weight, regular exercise is necessary. A low-impact regimen will also aid digestion and support overall cardiovascular health. Since the breed typically walking, a daily stroll is an easy way to keep the Bulldog active and engaged. Depending on the dog’s age and fitness level, 20 to 30 minutes of walking per day should be enough.
Exercise is not only about physical fitness but also mental stimulation. Bulldogs benefit from activities that challenge their minds, preventing boredom and the destructive behaviors it encourages. Puzzle toys that dispense treats or require problem-solving can keep their minds active and engaged.
It’s important to consider a few safety precautions when exercising the Bulldog. The breed can be susceptible to overheating, so avoiding strenuous exercise during hot weather is crucial. These dogs can also be prone to joint issues, so excessive running or jumping, especially during their growth stages, should be avoided.
Regular exercise is a fundamental aspect of responsible Bulldog ownership. It not only maintains the dog’s physical health, it also keeps the mind active and strengthens the bond between dog and owner. Incorporating a variety of activities into a fitness routine, keeping safety in mind, will ensure that the Bulldog enjoys a healthy and fulfilling life.
Bulldog Grooming
Proper grooming is essential for the well-being, comfort, and overall health of the Bulldog. While the breed is relatively low-maintenance in comparison to some breeds, they do have specific grooming needs.
Grooming Expectations
| Coat Type |
Single, Straight, Short, Flat, Close, Fine, Smooth, Glossy |
| Grooming Requirements |
Weekly Brushing, Occasional Bathing, Routine Ear Cleaning, Periodic Nail Trimming, Regular Tooth Brushing |
The Bulldog is not a heavy shedder, but regular brushing helps to keep any loose hair in check. Brushing should be done at least once a week to keep the coat healthy and reduce shedding. Since the breed has a short coat, a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt will sufficiently do the job.
One of the most iconic features of the Bulldog is the breed’s wrinkled skin. These wrinkles require special attention to prevent irritation and skin infections. Gently cleaning and drying the folds using a soft cloth or baby wipe, ensuring the areas are completely dry, prevents any moisture-related skin issues from becoming a problem.
Bulldogs do not require frequent baths, since overbathing can strip the skin of its natural oils. Since some individuals can be prone to ear infections, the ears should be cleaned weekly to prevent infection. Excessive eye discharge and tear staining can also become a problem if these areas are not gently cleaned with a damp cloth and allowed to dry.
The Bulldog’s nails, if not naturally worn down through activity, will need periodic trimming. It’s essential to ensure the nails aren’t allowed to get too long, as overly long nails can lead to discomfort and even injury.
Living with a Bulldog
The Bulldog is an incredibly affectionate and loyal companion. These dogs form strong bonds with their owners and thrive on social interactions. Whether lounging on the couch, going for a walk, or just spending time together, Bulldogs are always by their owner’s side. The breed’s unwavering love and devotion make them wonderful additions to almost any household.
Bulldogs are famous for their amusing and quirky personalities. Their wrinkled faces, distinctive underbite, and expressive eyes often create comical and endearing expressions. With their charming antics, including their snoring, playful nature, and the way they tilt their heads when curious, they have a way of making anyone smile.
The Bulldog is not known for its high energy levels. This breed typically prefers a relaxed and low-energy lifestyle, making it a great companion for people who enjoy a more sedentary pace of life. While Bulldogs do enjoy playtime and short walks, they are content with long naps and quality time spent at home with their families.
The breed is not a heavy shedder and its short coat doesn’t require frequent brushing. However, special attention should be given to the Bulldog’s facial wrinkles and skin folds to prevent irritation and infection. In poorly bred dogs, the flat face can lead to breathing difficulties and overheating, especially in hot weather. Bulldogs may also be prone to certain health issues, including skin problems and joint concerns. Regular vet visits and a balanced diet are crucial for the well-being of every dog.
Bulldogs are prone to respond poorly to extreme temperatures. Due to their short muzzles, they are likely to overheat in hot weather and can also be sensitive to extreme cold. It’s essential, therefore, to always provide for the Bulldog’s comfort at home and outdoors, and to monitor its welfare when temperatures are extreme.
Frequently Asked Question (FAQ)
How long do Bulldogs live?
Bulldogs typically have a lifespan of about 8 to 10 years. Some may live longer with excellent care, provided they’re given a proper diet, regular exercise, and timely veterinary checkups. Their lifespan is typically somewhat shorter compared to other breeds of similar size.
Are Bulldogs aggressive?
Bulldogs are not inherently aggressive. They were originally bred for bull-baiting, but today’s Bulldogs are bred to be gentle and affectionate. However, like any dog, individual temperament can vary, so proper socialization and training are essential.
What were Bulldogs bred for?
Bulldogs were originally bred in England for bull-baiting , a dangerous sport that involved the dog grabbing onto a bull’s nose and roughly shaking it. This practice was outlawed in the 19th century, after which Bulldogs were bred to be companion animals, leading to a significant change in temperament.
Can Bulldogs swim?
Bulldogs are not natural swimmers. Due to their brachycephalic (short-nosed) facial structure and stocky body shape, they often struggle to stay afloat and can tire easily in water. It’s important to supervise Bulldogs closely around water and consider using a dog life vest.
Does a Bulldog shed?
Yes, Bulldogs shed. Their short, fine coat sheds year-round, and they may experience a slight increase in shedding during seasonal changes. Regular grooming can help to minimize the amount of loose hair that’s left on furniture and clothing.
How big do Bulldogs get?
Bulldogs are a medium-sized breed, with males typically weighing around 50 pounds and females about 40 pounds. They stand from 14 to 15 inches tall at the shoulder, with a low-slung, stocky build.
Are Bulldogs dangerous?
Bulldogs are not generally considered dangerous. In fact, they are widely known for their friendly and docile temperament. However, as with any breed, individual dogs can exhibit aggressive behavior at times depending on the circumstances, so training and socialization are key.
Are Bulldogs hypoallergenic?
Bulldogs are not hypoallergenic. They shed and produce dander, which are common allergens for people with dog allergies. The breed’s short coat requires regular brushing to help manage the shedding.
Are Bulldogs smart?
Bulldogs are intelligent, but they can also be stubborn. They are known for their ability to problem-solve, but they can require more patience and consistency during training sessions due to the breed’s independent nature. Bulldogs will typically excel in activities that match their pace and personality.
Do Bulldogs have tails?
Bulldogs do have tails, although they are typically short and either straight or “screwed.” The tail’s length and shape can vary from dog to dog, and this is a natural variation within the breed. It is not docked or altered.
How much do Bulldogs weigh?
Bulldog males typically weigh around 50 pounds, while females usually weigh about 40 pounds. It is important to closely monitor a Bulldog’s weight, as some dogs may be prone to obesity, which can exacerbate a few health issues common to the breed.
Are Bulldogs lazy?
Bulldogs are not inherently lazy, but they do have a more laid-back and relaxed demeanor compared to more active breeds. They enjoy short walks and play sessions, but also love lounging around the house and are content with moderate levels of activity. Overexertion, especially in hot weather, should always be avoided due to the breed’s unique conformation.
