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Chinook Dog Breed

About the Chinook

The Chinook is a rare and versatile working dog known for its strength, endurance, and gentle temperament. Originally developed in the United States, the Chinook is a friendly and dependable companion, excelling in sledding, hiking, and other outdoor activities.

AKC Group

AKC Group

Working

Dog Breed Height

Height

22 – 26 inches

Dog Breed Weight

Weight

50 – 90 pounds

Dog Breed Lifespan

Lifespan

12 – 15 years

Highlights

Country of Origin United States
Bred For Drafting, Sled Dog Racing
Known For Affection, Tawny Color, Black Eye Markings, Ear Carriages
Popularity Low
Temperament Affectionate, Devoted, Dignified, Playful
Activities Hauling, Hiking, Sledding, Conformation Shows, Dog Sports

History of the Chinook

The Chinook originated in the early 20th century in Wonalancet, New Hampshire, developed by Arthur Treadwell Walden. Walden sought to create a sled dog with a unique combination of strength, speed, and a gentle disposition. The foundation dog, named Chinook, was born in 1917 and was a cross between a Mastiff-type dog and a Greenland Husky. That dogโ€™s offspring inherited his traits and became the foundation of the breed.

The breed quickly gained recognition as a capable sled dog, performing well in both recreational and competitive sledding. Chinooks accompanied Admiral Richard Byrd’s 1929 Antarctic expedition, solidifying the breedโ€™s reputation as a strong and reliable working dog. Despite their many capabilities, however, the breedโ€™s population dwindled after Waldenโ€™s death in 1947, with numbers reaching critically low levels by the 1980s.

Dedicated breeders worked tirelessly to save the breed from extinction, using the limited number of purebred dogs to rebuild the population. In 1991, the breed was recognized as the New Hampshire State Dog, a testament to its historical and cultural significance which has encouraged its continuation.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the Chinook as a member of the Working Group in 2013. Today, while still rare, they are cherished for their versatility, intelligence, and family-friendly temperament.

General Appearance

Height & Weight

Male Chinooks typically stand between 24 and 27 inches tall at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, measuring 22 to 25 inches. In terms of weight, males range from 55 to 90 pounds, and females weigh between 50 and 65 pounds.

Proportion & Substance

The Chinook has a balanced and athletic build, with its length slightly greater than its height, giving it a rectangular profile. The breed is muscular and substantial without appearing bulky, reflecting its history as a capable and enduring sled dog.

Coat Texture, Colors & Markings

Texture: The Chinookโ€™s double coat consists of a dense, soft undercoat and a coarse, medium-length outer coat. This combination provides protection against harsh weather conditions, reflecting the breed’s origins as a sled dog. The outer coat is straight, strong, and coarse, with longer hair on the ruff, shoulder blades, withers, breeches, and the underline. The tail is well-furred with feathering that starts four to five inches from the root.

Chinook Colors

Standard Color
Red Gold n
Fawn n
Tawny n
Palomino n
Gray Red n
Silver Fawn n
Buff n
White n
Black & Tan n
Gray & Tan n
Black n

Chinook Markings

Standard Marking
Black Mask y
White Markings y
Buff Markings y

A Note About Color: The tawny coat of the Chinook ranges from honey to a deep reddish-gold. Pigment of the muzzle, nose, lips, pads, and eye rims is black, although dilute tawny dogs may have dilute pigment. The color of the ears and muzzle is preferably darker. A black mark at and just above the inner corner of both eyes is desirable. Symmetrical white or cream to pale gold markings may appear on the cheeks, throat, chest, breeches, and underside. Any other white markings, including a blaze, socks, and scarves, are unacceptable.

Head

  • Skull: The Chinook has a broad and slightly rounded skull that tapers gently towards the muzzle. The stop is moderate, creating a balanced and harmonious profile.
  • Muzzle: The muzzle is slightly shorter than the skull and tapers to a blunt finish, giving a strong yet refined appearance.
  • Eyes: Almond-shaped eyes are medium in size and range in color from dark brown to amber. The expression is intelligent and friendly, reflecting the breedโ€™s kind temperament.
  • Nose: The nose is always black, complementing the coat and overall features. Dilute pigment may be seen in dogโ€™s with a dilute tawny coat.
  • Ears: The ears are medium-sized, set high, and can be either erect, semi-erect, or dropped. Ear carriage may vary but is consistent with the dogโ€™s alert and expressive demeanor.
  • Bite: The Chinook has a full complement of teeth that meet in a scissors or level bite.

Close-up head photo of a Chinook, pictured from the side.

Tail

The Chinookโ€™s tail is an important feature of the breedโ€™s natural appearance. It is moderately set, thick at the base, and tapers to a slight point. When at rest, the tail hangs naturally, but when in motion or alert it may curve upward in a gentle sickle shape. It does not, however, curl over the back. Consistent with the breedโ€™s sled dog heritage, the tail is well-furred, providing protection against cold weather.

The Chinook โ€“ What to Consider

The Chinook is a rare and versatile breed, prized for its friendly nature, intelligence, and working ability. While these dogs are excellent family companions, their high energy levels and need for mental stimulation require a dedicated caretaker. Potential owners should be prepared to provide plenty of exercise, training, and companionship to keep this active and social breed happy.

Interaction With Family

The level of affection a breed typically shows towards family members and familiar individuals will vary. While some breeds may only show genuine warmth towards their owner, remaining standoffish with strangers, other breeds will treat everyone they meet as if they are their closest friend.
Independent Affectionate

Good With Other Dogs

The innate friendliness of a dog towards other dogs can depend on its breed. Although supervision is always recommended during introductions, certain breeds tend to be inherently more or less sociable with other dogs, whether in a home setting or in public spaces.
Not Recommended Reliable With Other Dogs

Good With Young Children

The degree to which a breed will typically be patient with young children, and its overall suitability as a family member, will vary. It is important to always supervise interactions between dogs and the kids in the house, as well as with children who are not accustomed to being around dogs.
Not Recommended Dependable With Children

Amount Of Shedding

The amount of hair that a dog sheds will typically depend on its breed. Heavy-shedding breeds require more frequent brushing, have a higher chance of activating specific allergies, and often necessitate more frequent use of the vacuum cleaner and lint rollers.
Low High

Frequency Of Grooming

The regularity with which a breed needs bathing, brushing, trimming, or other forms of coat care is an all-important consideration. When evaluating the grooming effort required, consider your available time, patience, and budget. It is important to note that all breeds need routine ear, teeth, and nail care.
Monthly Daily

Amount Of Drooling

The tendency of a breed to drool significantly varies from breed to breed. For those who prefer cleanliness or are particular about keeping things tidy, breeds that are likely to leave trails of drool on your arm or large slobbery marks on your clothing and furniture might not be the best fit.
Low High

Coat Type

smooth
wiry
hairless
rough
corded
double
curly
wavy
sikly

Coat Length

short
medium
long

Trainability Level

The ease with which a dog can be trained and its eagerness to learn new skills can depend on the breed. Some breeds are naturally inclined to please their owners and will readily accept training, while others tend to follow their own desires, often showing independence in how, when, and where they choose to do things.
Stubborn Eager

Barking Level

The frequency of vocalization, including barking and howling, will vary from breed to breed. Some may bark at each person who passes by and every bird in the sky, while others will typically bark only for a good reason. Additionally, a few breeds that do not typically bark will still be vocal, using different sounds to communicate.
Quiet Vocal

Energy Level

The level of physical exercise and mental engagement required will depend on the breed. High-energy breeds are always on the go. They are enthusiastic about their next activity and tend to be busy most of the time, running, jumping, and playing throughout the day. In contrast, low-energy breeds are akin to couch potatoes, content to just lounge around and take naps throughout the day.
Couch Potato Busybody

Need For Mental Stimulation

The extent of mental stimulation needed to keep a dog content and healthy will vary by breed. Dogs bred for specific purposes may need tasks involving decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Without sufficient mental exercise, these dogs can resort to creating their own activities to engage their minds, resulting in unwanted behaviors like chewing, digging, and escaping.
Minimal Engagement Intensive Interaction

Chinook Health

Chinooks are generally healthy dogs with a lifespan of 12 to 15 years. However, like all dogs, they can be prone to certain health issues. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle are essential to maintaining their well-being and longevity.

Potential Health Risks

Chinooks can be predisposed to some health concerns, including:

  • Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the hip joint doesnโ€™t fit properly, potentially causing pain or arthritis.
  • Cryptorchidism: A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend, common in the breed.
  • Epilepsy: Some Chinooks may experience seizures, which can be managed with veterinary care.
  • Allergies: The breed can be prone to environmental or food allergies, which may cause skin irritation or digestive issues.
  • Gastrointestinal Sensitivities: Chinooks may have sensitive stomachs, requiring careful dietary choices.

Chinook Personality

Chinooks are known for their friendly, gentle, and intelligent nature, making them excellent companions for families and active individuals. They are social dogs that thrive on interaction with their human companions and do not do well when left alone for long periods.

Their sensitivity and eagerness to please make them highly trainable, but they also require positive reinforcement and patience. They are generally good with children and other dogs, displaying a calm and adaptable demeanor. While they are not naturally aggressive, they may be reserved with strangers but tend to warm up quickly with proper introductions.

Chinook Feeding & Nutrition

Chinooks require a high-quality diet that meets their age, size, and activity level. Puppies benefit from a specially formulated puppy food to support their growth and development, typically fed in three to four small meals daily.

Adult Chinooks usually eat two meals per day, with portions adjusted to maintain a healthy weight. Most adult dogs require approximately 2 to 3 cups of food daily, depending on their activity level and metabolism. Fresh water should always be available, and treats should be given in moderation to prevent overfeeding. Consultation with a dogโ€™s breeder and veterinarian can help to tailor a diet plan that suits any particular needs.

Chinook Training

Chinooks are intelligent and eager to please, making them generally easy to train. They respond well to positive reinforcement methods, such as praise, treats, and play, which help to motivate and build trust.

Early socialization is essential to help them become well-rounded and confident dogs. Exposure to different environments, people, and other animals helps them develop a playful and affectionate temperament.

While they are not prone to excessive barking, Chinooks may alert their families to unfamiliar activity. Their working heritage means they enjoy tasks that engage both their mind and body, excelling in activities such as Obedience training, Agility, and Sled Dog Races. Patience and consistency are key to bringing out the best in this intelligent and sensitive breed.

Chinook Exercise

Chinooks are active dogs that require daily exercise to stay physically and mentally healthy. They thrive on outdoor activities such as hiking, jogging, or long walks, and their history as a sled dog means they enjoy pulling or carrying light loads.

Exercise Expectations

Energy Level Moderate
Exercise Requirements 1 Hour/Day (Minimum), Daily Walks, Vigorous Running, Regular Exercise, Mental Stimulation

Without sufficient exercise, they may become bored or restless, which can lead to undesirable behaviors. Mental stimulation, such as puzzle toys or training sessions, is just as important as physical activity. A securely fenced yard is ideal for off-leash play, but they should always be supervised.

Chinook Grooming

Chinooks have a double coat that requires regular grooming to keep it in good condition. Weekly brushing helps to remove any loose hair and reduces shedding, especially during seasonal coat changes.

Grooming Expectations

Coat Type Thick, Double, Straight, Strong, Coarse
Grooming Requirements Weekly Brushing, Occasional Bathing, Routine Ear Cleaning, Periodic Nail Trimming, Regular Tooth Brushing

They are typically moderate shedders but may require more frequent grooming during peak shedding seasons. They are generally clean dogs with minimal odor, so baths are only needed occasionally or when they become especially dirty. Regular nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental care are essential for their overall health and hygiene.

Living with a Chinook

Chinooks are adaptable dogs that are best suited to homes where they can receive plenty of attention and exercise. They can live in apartments, if given sufficient daily exercise, but are more comfortable in homes with access to a large yard.

Chinooks are social animals that bond closely with their families. Consequently, they may develop separation anxiety if left alone for extended periods. These dogs thrive in a home where they are included in family activities and given the opportunity to work or play regularly. Due to their dense double coat, they tolerate cold weather well but can struggle in high heat and humidity. Precautions should be taken throughout the year to ensure both safety and comfort.

Chinook Puppies

Chinook puppies are energetic, curious, and eager to please, making them a joy to raise with the right guidance. Their intelligence and natural sociability require early training and socialization to help them grow into well-rounded adults with a desire to work.

This stage of life demands patience and consistency, as their high energy and playful nature can sometimes be overwhelming. A structured environment with plenty of positive reinforcement, mental stimulation, and gentle handling helps Chinook puppies thrive.

Caring for a Chinook Puppy

Caring for a Chinook puppy involves meeting the little oneโ€™s physical, emotional, and nutritional needs. A puppy should be fed a high-quality diet appropriate for its age, divided into three to four meals per day to support steady growth.

Age-appropriate exercise, such as short walks and supervised play, is important to prevent straining the developing joints. Socialization should begin early, exposing the pup to a variety of environments, people, and animals to foster both confidence and adaptability.

Providing a safe, loving, and structured environment is essential for puppyโ€™s development. Positive reinforcement training helps to establish good behavior and strengthens the bond between puppy and caretaker. Likewise, routine veterinary visits, vaccinations, and preventive care will encourage overall good health as the puppy grows.

Chinook Activities & Dog Sports

  • Sledding: Chinooks excel in sledding, reflecting their original purpose as working sled dogs. They enjoy pulling sleds or carts in both recreational and competitive settings.
  • Skijoring: They thrive in Skijoring, pulling a skier while harnessed, combining their strength and love for outdoor activities.
  • Canicross: Their endurance and enthusiasm make these dogs ideal participants in Canicross, running alongside their handler in this high-energy sport.
  • Agility: They can perform well in Agility, navigating obstacle courses with precision and speed.
  • Obedience: Their intelligence and trainability can shine in Obedience Trials, where they respond accurately and enthusiastically to commands.
  • Rally: They can excel in Rally, showcasing teamwork and responsiveness while navigating a course of tasks with their handler.
  • Tracking: Their keen sense of smell makes them excellent at Tracking, following scent trails to locate items or individuals.
  • Conformation Shows: Chinooks participate in Conformation Shows where they can demonstrate their adherence to the Breed Standard.
  • Therapy Work: Their gentle and friendly nature suits them perfectly for Therapy Work, offering comfort and companionship in hospitals and care facilities.
  • Search and Rescue: The Chinookโ€™s stamina and intelligence allow the breed to excel in Search and Rescue operations, aiding in emergencies and recovery missions.

Group Classification & Standards

The Chinook is recognized by the world’s leading registries and kennel organizations, which categorize the breed into a specific Group based on its unique characteristics. This breed is recognized worldwide under the following Group designations:

International Organizations

Organization Group Designation
AKC (American Kennel Club) Working
UKC (United Kennel Club) Northern
CKC (Canadian Kennel Club) Not Recognized
ANKC (Australian National Kennel Council) Not Recognized
RKC (The Royal Kennel Club) Not Recognized
FCI (Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale) Not Recognized

The ideal Chinook is described by a Breed Standard that is approved by each of the worldโ€™s leading registries and kennel organizations. The Breed Standards for this breed may be found in the following links:

Breed Standards

Organization Breed Standard
American Kennel Club AKC Chinook Breed Standard
United Kennel Club UKC Chinook Breed Standard
Canadian Kennel Club CKC Not Recognized
Australian National Kennel Council ANKC Not Recognized
The Royal Kennel Club RKC Not Recognized
Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale FCI Not Recognized

Chinook Clubs

  • Chinook Club of America: This is the national parent club for the Chinook, recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). Its members support the breedโ€™s welfare, organize events, and promote responsible ownership and breeding practices.
  • Chinook Owners Association: Established in 1988, this is the parent club for Chinooks under the United Kennel Club (UKC) registry. This organization is dedicated to preserving and promoting the Chinook breed through education, events, and responsible breeding strategies.

Chinook Rescue Groups

  • Chinook Club of America Inc. Rescue: The Chinook Club of America operates a rescue program dedicated to assisting Chinooks in need, offering rehoming services and support to adoptive families.
  • Chinook Owners Association Rescue: This rescue arm of the Chinook Owners Association focuses on rehoming dogs in need across the United States. Volunteers work to match dogs with suitable families and provide information about the breed to potential adopters.

Chinook Facts

  • State Dog: The Chinook was designated the New Hampshire State Dog in 1991, making it one of the few breeds with this distinction.
  • Bred for Sledding: Chinooks were specifically developed to be powerful yet gentle sled dogs, capable of working in harsh conditions while remaining friendly and cooperative.
  • Rare Breed: The Chinook is one of the rarest dog breeds in the world, with only a limited number of puppies born each year.
  • Distinctive Ears: Chinooks can have a variety of ear carriage, including erect, semi-erect, or dropped ears, which is unique among sled dog breeds.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Chinooks shed?

Chinooks are moderate shedders, with heavier shedding occurring during seasonal coat changes. Regular brushing helps to manage the shedding and keeps the double coat in good condition.

Are Chinooks hypoallergenic?

Chinooks are not considered hypoallergenic, as their shedding and dander can trigger allergies. While they are relatively clean dogs, they may not be suitable for individuals with severe pet allergies.

How long do Chinooks live?

Chinooks typically have a lifespan of 12 to 15 years. Their longevity can be supported with proper care, a balanced diet, and regular veterinary check-ups.

Are Chinooks good family dogs?

Chinooks are excellent family dogs due to their friendly and gentle temperament. They are particularly good with children and thrive in homes where they receive plenty of companionship and activity.

Do Chinooks bark a lot?

Chinooks are not known for excessive barking but may vocalize to alert their human companions to unfamiliar situations. With proper training and attention, any barking can be well-managed.

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Find a Breeder or Rescue

The best way to ensure a long and happy relationship with a purebred dog is to purchase one from a responsible breeder. Not sure where to begin?

Contact the National Parent Clubโ€™s Breeder Referral Program, which is listed on the AKC Breeder Referral Contacts page.

Find a Breeder or Rescue